Single cell atlas of large B-cell lymphoma

Large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL) are clinically and biologically heterogeneous lymphoid malignancies, shaped by complex tumor and microenvironments that play a critical role in disease progression. There has been no direct and comprehensive single-cell characterization of tumor microenvironment in LBCL that simultaneously captures lymphoid, myeloid, and stromal populations across a sufficiently large cohort to reveal reproducible and biologically meaningful patterns. Here, we performed single-nucleus multiome profiling, coupled with bulk DNA and RNA sequencing, on 232 tumor and control biopsies to comprehensively map cell subpopulations of LBCL. Through this integrative approach, we identified Lymphoma Microenvironment Archetype Profiles (LymphoMAPs)—distinct, reproducible patterns defined by the co-occurrence of functionally specialized cell subsets. We further characterized the cell-cell communication pathways that shape these transcriptional phenotypes within archetypes. Importantly, we discovered associations between specific LymphoMAPs and clinical and molecular features of LBCL, including response to CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. Our study provides a valuable resource of lymphoid, myeloid, and non-hematopoietic cell states in LBCL and offers a framework for understanding how the abundance and functional state of cells within the tumor microenvironment may drive inter-patient variability in therapeutic outcome.

• Type: Cancer Genomics
• Archiver: European Genome-Phenome Archive (EGA)