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• Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote drug resistance in ALK-driven lung adenocarcinoma cells by upregulating lipid biosynthesis

  Targeted therapy interventions using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) provide encouraging treatment responses in ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinomas, yet resistances occur almost inevitably. Apart from tumor cell-intrinsic resistance mechanisms, accumulating evidence supports a role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in affecting the therapeutic vulnerability of lung cancer cells. Here, we aimed to investigate underlying molecular networks shaping the therapeutic susceptibility of ALK-driven lung adenocarcinoma cells via tumor microenvironmental cues using three-dimensional (3D) spheroid co-culture settings. We show that CAFs promote therapy resistance of lung tumor cells against ALK inhibition by reducing apoptotic cell death and increasing cell proliferation. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, we show that genes involved in lipogenesis constitute the major transcriptional difference between TKI-treated homo- and heterotypic lung tumor spheroids. CAF-conditioned medium and CAF-secreted factors HGF and NRG1 were both able to promote resistance of 3D-cultured ALK-rearranged lung tumor cells via AKT signaling, which was accompanied by enhanced de novo lipogenesis and supression of lipid peroxidation. Notably, simultaneous targeting of ALK and SREBP-1 was able to overcome the established CAF-driven lipid metabolic-supportive niche of TKI-resistant lung tumor spheroids. Our findings highlight a crucial role of CAFs in mediating ALK-TKI resistance via lipid metabolic reprogramming and suggest new ways to overcome resistance towards molecular directed drugs by targeting vulnerabilities downstream of oncogenic signaling.

  Study EGAS50000000135

• WTCCC case-control study for Rheumatoid Arthritis

  WTCCC genome-wide case-control association study for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) using the 1958 British Birth Cohort and the UK National Blood Service collections as controls.

  Study EGAS00000000011

• WTCCC case-control study for Type 1 Diabetes

  WTCCC genome-wide case-control association study for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) using the 1958 British Birth Cohort and the UK National Blood Service collections as controls.

  Study EGAS00000000014

• WTCCC case-control study for Type 2 Diabetes

  WTCCC genome-wide case-control association study for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) using the 1958 British Birth Cohort and the UK National Blood Service collections as controls.

  Study EGAS00000000016

• WTCCC case-control study for Coronary Artery Disease

  WTCCC genome-wide case-control association study for Bipolar disorder (CAD) using the 1958 British Birth Cohort and the UK National Blood Service collections as controls.

  Study EGAS00000000003

• Genome-wide analysis for non alcoholic fatty liver disease

  Genome-wide association study for the 902 patients of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including non alcoholic steato hepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellurar carcinoma and 7672 controls.

  Study JGAS000126

• BLUEPRINT September 2016, ATAC-seq for monocyte RPMI_LPS_T=24hrs_RPMI_T=5days from venous blood, on Genome GRCh38

  ATAC-seq data for 2 sample(s) for monocyte RPMI_LPS_T=24hrs_RPMI_T=5days from venous blood, on Genome GRCh38. 2 run(s), 2 experiment(s), 2 alignment(s). Part of BLUEPRINT (September 2016).

  Dataset EGAD00001002901

• ChIP-seq fastq and alignment files

  ChIP-seq experiments: fastq files; both ChIP and Input for each sample. Illumina HiSeq 2500. ChIP-seq alignment files for trimmed, mapping q20 and nonredundant reads; both ChIP and Input for each sample. Software: Trim Galore v0.3.7; Bowtie 2 v2.1.0; samtools v1.7

  Dataset EGAD00001006279

• BLUEPRINT September 2016, ATAC-seq for monocyte RPMI_BG_T=24hrs_RPMI_T=5days from venous blood, on Genome GRCh38

  ATAC-seq data for 1 sample(s) for monocyte RPMI_BG_T=24hrs_RPMI_T=5days from venous blood, on Genome GRCh38. 1 run(s), 1 experiment(s), 1 alignment(s). Part of BLUEPRINT (September 2016).

  Dataset EGAD00001002904

• BLUEPRINT September 2016, ATAC-seq for monocyte RPMI_BG_T=1hr from venous blood, on Genome GRCh38

  ATAC-seq data for 1 sample(s) for monocyte RPMI_BG_T=1hr from venous blood, on Genome GRCh38. 1 run(s), 1 experiment(s), 1 alignment(s). Part of BLUEPRINT (September 2016).

  Dataset EGAD00001002906