3884 results for "RNA AND sequencing OR transcriptome"

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• Tumor-derived exosomes modulate PD-L1 expression in monocytes

  In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), monocytes and macrophages are skewed toward protumorigenic phenotypes, including the release of tumor-supportive cytokines and the expression of immunosuppressive molecules such as programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). To understand the mechanism driving protumorigenic skewing in CLL, we evaluated the role of tumor cell–derived exosomes in the cross-talk with monocytes. We carried out RNA sequencing and proteome analyses of CLL-derived exosomes and identified noncoding Y RNA hY4 as a highly abundant RNA species that is enriched in exosomes from plasma of CLL patients compared with healthy donor samples. Transfer of CLL-derived exosomes or hY4 alone to monocytes resulted in key CLL-associated phenotypes, including the release of cytokines, such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL4, and interleukin-6, and the expression of PD-L1. These responses were abolished in Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)–deficient monocytes, suggesting exosomal hY4 as a driver of TLR7 signaling. Pharmacologic inhibition of endosomal TLR signaling resulted in a substantially reduced activation of monocytes in vitro and attenuated CLL development in vivo. Our results indicate that exosome-mediated transfer of noncoding RNAs to monocytes contributes to cancer-related inflammation and concurrent immune escape via PD-L1 expression.

  Study EGAS00001002377

• RNA Sequencing of Control and Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Cells During Myogenic Differentiation

  RNAseq data of 30 muscle cell samples (proliferating myoblasts to differentiating myotubes) of immortalized control cells, and myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patient-derived cells and their edited versions.

  Dac EGAC50000000592

• Pseudogene RNAseq

  RNA sequencing to validate findings of somatic pseudogenes acquired during cancer development

  Dataset EGAD00001000732

• RNA sequencing on intestinal biopsies from inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with vehicle control, MEK inhibitor, or infliximab

  By investigating an intergenic haplotype on chr21q22, independently linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ankylosing spondylitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and Takayasu’s arteritis, we discover that the causal gene, ETS2, is a master regulator of inflammatory responses in human macrophages and delineate how the risk haplotype increases ETS2 expression. Using a database of cellular signatures, we identified drugs that could modulate this pathway. To validate the anti-inflammatory activity of one class of small molecules ex vivo, we obtained biopsies from patients with active IBD and cultured these biopsies with a selective, non-ATP competitive MEK inhibitor (PD-0325901), infliximab (positive control), or DMSO (vehicle control) for 18 hours, then performed RNA sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001007534

• Ewings Sarcoma RNA-Seq

  Sarcomas are cancers of the bone and soft tissue often defined by their gene fusions. However, the timing, context, and processes by which these pathogenic fusions arise are unknown. We explored this in Ewing sarcoma, a cancer driven by EWSR1-ETS fusions, with very few cooperating mutations. Combining whole-genome sequencing with enhanced informatics, we found that the EWSR1-ETS fusion arose from striking rearrangement clusters in 42% of cases (52/124). Notably, these were organized in loops that universally contained the fusion at their center, while also weaving up to 18 genes together with it. We found the same pattern of rearrangements in three additional types of sarcoma. From these data, we define a new signature for sarcoma fusions that precedes other somatic changes, in the earliest replicating DNA of the genome. This dramatic, sudden process impinges on many genes – generating multiple coding changes that profoundly affect the transcriptome, with the disease-defining gene fusion at its core. These rearrangement loops emerge in an early ES clone from which both the primary tumor and the lethal relapse emerged, and then evolved in parallel until clinically detected.

  Study EGAS00001003062

• Impact of Glycolysis Inhibition on the Epigenome of Synovial Fluid T Cells in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

  Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) encompasses a group of childhood-onset autoimmune conditions characterized by joint inflammation and mononuclear cell infiltration, especially of activated CD4+ memory/effector T (Tmem/Teff) cells in synovial fluid (SF). JIA CD4+ T cells exhibit a distinct inflammation-associated epigenomic profile, though the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the role of glycolysis in shaping the epigenomic landscape of JIA SF CD4+ T cells, with a focus on H3K27ac histone modifications. Using an ex vivo model of antigen stimulation, CD4+ T cells were isolated from peripheral blood (PB) of healthy controls (HC) and synovial fluid from JIA patients. Cells were activated in vitro with anti-CD3/CD28 for 24 hours, and changes in H3K27ac were assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq). To explore the specific role of glycolysis, cells were also treated with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), an inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate production. This inhibition impacted both H3K27ac acetylation patterns and gene expression associated with the activated epigenomic regions. Additionally, HC CD4+ T cells were activated in vitro in the presence of 30% SF or 30% plasma from JIA patients. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to examine SF-induced transcriptional changes, providing insight into the metabolic dysregulation and epigenomic alterations observed in JIA SF CD4+ T cells. This dataset includes ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data that collectively advance our understanding of how glycolysis and the SF environment contribute to the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation in JIA CD4+ T cells.

  Study EGAS50000000808

• Single cell sequencing of endoscopic biopsies from Barrett's oesophagus and proximal tissue from the normal GI tract

  Barrett’s oesophagus is a precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. In this common condition, squamous epithelium in the oesophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium in response to acid reflux. Barrett’s oesophagus is highly heterogeneous and its relationships to normal tissues are unclear. We investigated the cellular complexity of Barrett’s oesophagus and the upper gastrointestinal tract using RNA-sequencing of single cells from multiple biopsies from six patients with Barrett’s oesophagus and two patients without oesophageal pathology.

  Study EGAS00001003144

• Sequencing of an adolescent patient with germline RET mutant alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

  An adolescent patient presented with an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma made more unique by the presence of a germline RET mutation ordinarily associated with and a known driver of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) cancer. To better understand the role of this germline RET mutation in the genetics and phenotypic response of this unique alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, we performed DNA and RNA sequencing of the patients in addition to functional studies on patient-derived cultures and genetically similar similar cell models.

  Study EGAS00001004359

• Multi-omic analysis of Down Syndrome in thyroid

  Background: Down syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal disorder characterized by trisomy of chromosome 21 and is associated with various health problems. Congenital thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine abnormality in DS, but its exact cause remains unknown. This work aimed at studying the etiology of congenital thyroid dysfunction in DS. Methods: Thyroid tissue of fetuses with DS (n=4) and fetuses without a genetic/developmental abnormality (n=5) were analyzed using histopathological evaluation, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and DNA methylation (DNAm) profiling. Results: Histological examination showed abnormally developed DS thyroid tissue compared to non-DS/healthy tissue. RNA-seq analysis showed numerous differences in gene expression between DS and healthy thyroid tissue, including significant downregulation of thyroid genes FOXE1, IYD and DIO2. Gene set enrichment analysis showed disruption of vital cellular processes and functions in DS fetal thyroid tissue. Analysis of DNAm and expression quantitative trait methylation (eQTM) analysis identified functional and biologically relevant associations, that can be linked to plausible disrupted pathways in DS. Conclusions: Based on these observations, we conclude that congenital non-autoimmune thyroid dysfunction in DS is probably a DS-specific form of thyroid dysfunction, characterized by abnormal thyroid development, altered expression of genes that regulate thyroid development and hormone production, and altered expression and DNAm of genes pertaining to numerous vital pathways leading to significant metabolic disturbances. The disturbances as investigated by multi-omics analyses (RNA-seq, DNAm and eQTM analyses) are widely spread over the genome, and presumably caused by the direct and downstream effects of overexpressed chromosome 21 genes (dosage effect), and (epi)genomic disturbances.

  Study EGAS00001007677

• Low mutation burden and frequent loss of CDKN2A/B and SMARCA2, but not PRC2, define pre-malignant neurofibromatosis type 1-associated atypical neurofibromas

  Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a tumor-predisposition disorder caused by germline mutations in NF1. NF1 patients have an 8-16% lifetime risk of developing a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), a highly aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma, often arising from pre-existing benign plexiform neurofibromas (PN) and atypical neurofibromas (ANF). ANF are distinct from both PN and MPNST, representing an intermediate step in malignant transformation. In the first comprehensive genomic analysis of ANF, we performed tumor/normal exome sequencing (ES) of 16 ANFs. In addition, we conducted ES of three MPNSTs, copy-number meta-analysis of 26 ANF and 28 MPNST, and whole transcriptome RNA-seq analysis of five ANF and five MPNST. We identified low mutation burden (median 1, range 0-5) in the exomes of ANF (only NF1 somatic mutations were recurrent), and frequent deletions of CDKN2A/CDKN2B (69%) and SMARCA2(42%) loci. We determined that polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) genes EED or SUZ12 were frequently mutated, deleted or downregulated in MPNST but not in ANF. Our gene expression study revealed upregulated NRAS, MDM2, CCND1/CCND2/CCND3 and CDK4/CDK6 in both ANF and MPNST, and overexpression of EZH2 in MPNST only. We conclude that the PN-ANF transition is primarily driven by the deletion of CDKN2A/CDKN2B in addition to already present inactivated NF1. Further progression from ANF to MPNST likely involves broad chromosomal rearrangements and frequent inactivation of the PRC2 genes, loss of the DNA repair genes, and copy-number increase of signal transduction, cell cycle and pluripotency self-renewal genes.

  Study phs001993