7190 results for "canc*"

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• Chondrosarcoma Validation Study

  Agilent whole exome hybridisation capture was performed on genomic DNA derived from Chondrosarcoma cancer and matched normal DNA from the same patients. Next Generation sequencing performed on the resulting exome libraries and mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome to facilitate the identification of novel cancer genes. Now we aim to re find and validate the findings of those exome libraries using bespoke pulldown methods and sequencing the products.

  Dataset EGAD00001000392

• Exome sequencing of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms

  Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive haematological malignancy derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Due to the rarity of BPDCNs our knowledge of their molecular pathogenesis was until recently confined to observations describing reccurent chromosomal deletions involving chromosomes 5q, 12p, 13q, 6q, 15q and 9. A recent publication went on to delineate the common deleted regions using aCGH and demonstrated that these centred around known tumour suppressor genes including CDKN2A/B (9p21.3), RB1 (12p13.2-14.3), CDKN1B (13q11-q12) and IKZF1 (7p12.2). These mutations are found recurrently in several different cancers and in most cases are thought to be involved in tumour progression rather than initiation. However, the well-defined nature and cellular ontogeny of these neoplasms suggests strongly that they share one or a few characteristic mutations as has been demonstrated for other uncommon but well-defined neoplasms such as Hairy Cell Leukemia (BRAF) and ovarian Granulosa Cell tumours (FOXL2).

  Dataset EGAD00001000406

• Distinct evolutionary trajectories of primary high grade serous ovarian cancers revealed through spatial mutational profiling

  High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is characterized by poor outcome, often attributed to emergence of treatment-resistant sub-clones. We sought to measure the degree of genomic diversity within primary, untreated HGSC to examine the natural state of tumor evolution prior to therapy. We performed exome sequencing, copy number analysis, targeted amplicon deep sequencing and gene expression profiling on thirty-one spatially and temporally separated HGSC tumor specimens (six patients) including ovarian masses, distant metastases, and fallopian tube lesions. We found widespread intra-tumoral variation in mutation, copy number, and gene expression profiles, with key driver alterations in genes present in only a subset of samples (e.g. PIK3CA, CTNNB1, NF1). On average, only 51.5% of mutations were present in every sample of a given case (range: 10.2% to 91.4%), with TP53 as the only somatic mutation consistently present in all samples. Complex segmental aneuploidies, such as whole genome doubling, were present in a subset of samples from the same individual, with divergent copy number changes segregating independently of point mutation acquisition. Reconstruction of evolutionary histories showed one patient with mixed HGSC and endometrioid histology with common etiologic origin in the fallopian tube and subsequent selection of different driver mutations in the histologically distinct samples. In this patient, we observed mixed cell populations in the early fallopian tube lesion, indicating diversity arises at early stages of tumorigenesis. Our results reveal that HGSC exhibit highly individual evolutionary trajectories and diverse genomic tapestries prior to therapy, exposing an essential biological characteristic to inform future design of personalized therapeutic solutions and investigation of drug resistance mechanisms.

  Dataset EGAD00001000974

• Constitutional and somatic genomic rearrangements coherently restructure chromosome 21 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

  Changes in gene dosage are a major driver of cancer1, engineered from a finite, but increasingly well annotated, repertoire of mutational mechanisms2-6. These processes operate over levels ranging from individual exons to whole chromosomes, often generating correlated copy number alterations across hundreds of linked genes. An example of the latter is the 2% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) characterized by recurrent intrachromosomal amplification of megabase regions of chromosome 21 (iAMP21)7,8 To dissect the interplay between mutational processes and selection on this scale, we used genomic, cytogenetic and transcriptional analysis, coupled with novel bioinformatic approaches, to reconstruct the evolution of iAMP21 ALL. We find that individuals born with the rare constitutional Robertsonian translocation between chromosomes 15 and 21, rob(15;21)(q10;q10)c, have ~2700-fold increased risk of developing iAMP21 ALL compared to the general population. In such cases, amplification is initiated by chromothripsis involving both sister chromatids of the dicentric Robertsonian chromosome. In contrast, sporadic iAMP21 is typically initiated by breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) events, often followed by chromothripsis or other rearrangements. In both sporadic and iAMP21 in rob(15;21)c individuals, the final stages of amplification frequently involve large-scale duplications of the abnormal chromosome. The end-product is a derivative chromosome 21 or a derivative originating from the rob(15;21)c chromosome, der(15;21), respectively, with gene dosage optimised for leukemic potential, showing constrained copy number levels over multiple linked genes. In summary, the constitutional translocation, rob(15;21)c, predisposes to leukemia through a novel mechanism, namely a propensity to undergo chromothripsis, likely related to its dicentric nature. More generally, our data illustrate that several cancer-specific mutational processes, applied sequentially, can co-ordinate to fashion copy number profiles over large genomic scales, incrementally refining the fitness benefits of aggregated gene dosage changes.

  Dataset EGAD00001000658

• Metastatic Breast Cancer Whole Genome

  We propose to definitively characterise the somatic genetics of Metastatic breast cancer through generation of comprehensive catalogues of somatic mutations in Metastatic breast cancer cases by high coverage genome sequencing coupled with integrated transcriptomic and methylation analyses.

  Dataset EGAD00001000899

• Use of Deep Sequencing to Dectect Clonal Mutations In Sun Exposed Skin Epidermis

  This study aims to define the landscape of somatic mutations in sun exposed human skin by deep sequencing, analyse their frequency and use the data to infer the effect of mutations on proliferating cell behaviour. The frequency of each mutation will reflect the size of the clone of cells in the tissue sample. By analyzing small samples, clones with as few as 100 cells will be detectable. Allele frequency distributions for each mutation will be used to infer cell fate using published methods (Klein et al. 2010). This study will shed unprecedented light on the early clonal events that lead to the emergence of cancer.

  Dataset EGAD00001001090

• Characterization and clinical relevance of the genomic alterations defining invasive lobular breast cancer

  Background: Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILBC) is the second most common histological subtype after ductal breast cancer (IDBC). In spite of significant clinical and pathological differences, ILBC is still treated as IDBC. Here, we aimed at identifying recurrent genomic alterations in ILBC with potential clinical implications.Methods: Starting from 630 ILBC primary tumors with a median follow up of 10 years, we interrogated oncogenic substitutions and indels of 360 cancer genes and genome-wide copy number alterations in 413 and 170 ILBC samples, respectively, and correlated those findings with clinical, pathological, and outcome features. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used for comparison of frequency estimates.Results: Besides the high mutation frequency of CDH1 in 65% of the tumors, alterations in one of the three key genes of the PI3K pathway, PIK3CA, PTEN and AKT1, were present in more than half of the cases. ERBB2 and ERBB3 were mutated in 5.1 and 3.6% of the tumors. FOXA1 mutations and ESR1 copy number gains were detected in 9% and 25% of the samples. All these alterations were more frequent in ILBC than IDBC. The histological diversity of ILBC was associated with specific genomic alterations, such as enrichment for ERBB2 mutations in the mixed, non-classic subtype, and for ARID1A mutations and ESR1 gains in the solid subtype. Finally, ERBB2 and AKT1 mutations were associated with short-term risk of relapse, and chromosome 1q and 11p gain with increased and decreased breast cancer free survival, respectively.Conclusion: ERBB2, ERBB3 and AKT1 mutations represent high prevalence therapeutic targets in ILBC. FOXA1 mutations and ESR1 gains urgently deserve dedicated clinical investigation, especially in the context of endocrine treatment.

  Dataset EGAD00001001395

• MINCR is a MYC-induced lncRNA able to modulate MYC’s transcriptional network in Burkitt lymphoma cells

  Despite the established role of the transcription factor MYC in cancer, little is known about the impact of a new class of transcriptional regulators, the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), on the way MYC is able to influence cellular transcriptome. To this aim we have intersected RNA-sequencing data from two MYC-inducible cell lines and from a cohort of 91 mature B-cell lymphomas carrying, or not carrying, genetic variants resulting in MYC over-expression. By this approach, we identified 13 lncRNAs differentially expressed in IG-MYC-positive Burkitt lymphoma and regulated in the same direction by MYC in the model cell lines. Among them we focused on a lncRNA that we named MINCR, for MYC-Induced long Non-Coding RNA, showing a strong correlation with MYC expression in MYC-positive lymphomas and also in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. To understand its cellular role we performed RNA interference (RNAi) experiments and found that MINCR knock-down is associated with a reduction in cellular viability, due to an impairment in cell cycle progression. Differential gene expression analysis following RNAi showed a strongly significant enrichment of cell cycle genes among the genes down-regulate following MINCR knock-down. Interestingly these genes are enriched in MYC binding sites in their promoters, suggesting that MINCR acts as a modulator of MYC transcriptional program. Accordingly, following MINCR knock-down, we observed a reduction in the binding of MYC to the promoters of selected cell cycle genes. Finally we provide evidences that down-regulation of AURKA, AURKB and CTD1 may explain the reduction in cellular proliferation observed upon MINCR knock-down. We therefore suggest that MINCR is a newly identified player in the MYC transcriptional network able to control the expression of cell cycle genes.

  Dataset EGAD00001001441

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a non-small cell lung carcinoma patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a non-small cell lung carcinoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001001968

• March 2016 update of Whole genome bisulfite sequencing assay data (bams) for reference epigenomes generated at Centre for Epigenome Mapping Technologies, Genome Sciences Center, B.C. Cancer Agency as part of the International Human Epigenome Consortium.

  March 2016 update of Whole genome bisulfite sequencing assay data (bams) for reference epigenomes generated at Centre for Epigenome Mapping Technologies (Canadian Epigenetics, Environment and Health Research Consortium), Genome Sciences Center, B.C. Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada as part of the International Human Epigenome Consortium.

  Dataset EGAD00001001987

• Chromatin accessibility maps of chronic lymphocytic leukemia identify subtype-specific epigenome signatures and transcription regulatory networks

  Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by substantial clinical heterogeneity, despite relatively few genetic alterations. To provide a basis for studying epigenome deregulation in CLL, we established genome-wide chromatin accessibility maps for 88 CLL samples from 55 patients using the ATAC-seq assay, and we also performed ChIPmentation and RNA-seq profiling for ten representative samples. Based on the resulting dataset, we devised and applied a bioinformatic method that links chromatin profiles to clinical annotations. Our analysis identified sample-specific variation on top of a shared core of CLL regulatory regions. IGHV mutation status – which distinguishes the two major subtypes of CLL – was accurately predicted by the chromatin profiles, and gene regulatory networks inferred for IGHV-mutated vs. IGHV-unmutated samples identified characteristic differences between these two disease subtypes. In summary, we discovered widespread heterogeneity in the chromatin landscape of CLL, established a community resource for studying epigenome deregulation in leukemia, and demonstrated the feasibility of chromatin accessibility mapping in cancer cohorts and clinical research.

  Dataset EGAD00001002110

• Direct transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation in breast cancer

  The disordered transcriptomes of cancer encompass direct effects of somatic mutation on transcription; co-ordinated secondary alterations in transcriptional pathways; and increased transcriptional noise. To catalogue the rules governing how somatic mutation Overall, 59% of 6980 exonic substitutions were expressed. Compared to other classes, nonsense mutations showed lower expression levels than expected with patterns characteristic of nonsense-mediated decay. 14% of 4234 genomic rearrangements caused transcriptional abnormalities, including exon skips, exon reusage, fusion transcripts and premature poly-adenylation. We found productive, stable transcription from sense-to-antisense gene fusions and gene-to-intergenic rearrangements, suggesting that these mutation classes may drive more transcriptional disruption than previously suspected. Systematic integration of transcriptome with genome data therefore reveals the rules by which transcriptional machinery interprets somatic mutation.

  Dataset EGAD00001002237

• PSCP_mutation analysis in hESCs

  Many studies over the past 10 years, culminating in the recent report of the International Stem Cell Initiative (ISCI, 2011) have shown that hPSC acquire genetic and epigenetic changes during their time in culture. Many of the genetic changes are non-random and recurrent, probably because they provide a selective growth advantage to the undifferentiated cells. Some are shared by embryonal carcinoma cells, the malignant counterparts of ES cells. The origins of these growth advantages are poorly understood, but may come from altered cell cycle dynamics, resistance to apoptosis or altered patterns of differentiation. Less is known about the nature and consequences of epigenetic changes, but it is likely that these similarly affect hPSC behaviour; e.g., enhanced expression of DLK1, an imprinted gene, is associated with altered hPSC growth (Enver et al 2005). Inevitably, these genetic and epigenetic changes will impact on our ability to use hPSC for regenerative medicine, either because malignant transformation of the undifferentiated cells or their differentiated derivatives to be used for transplantation compromises safety, or because they impede the function of those differentiated derivatives, or because they affect the efficiency with which the undifferentiated cells can be expanded and differentiated into desired cell types. Focusing initially upon the existing clinical grade hESC lines, later moving to iPSC, we will Consolidate and extend knowledge of the rate, type and functional impact of the genetic variations that occur during hPSC culture. We will use whole genome and exome sequencing as well as SNP arrays, together with clonal analysis and other cytogenetics techniques. Common changes will be compared with those found in the normal human population, at low frequency in the original cell population or observed during iPSC generation in the HIPSCI project currently based at the WTSI. These studies will provide a better understanding of the range of genetic changes that occur in hPSC beyond the CNVs already identified. In conjunction with cancer genome resources and expertise at WTSI, bioinformatic analyses of these hPSC data will allow us to assess potential impact on hPSC behaviour pertinent to applications in regenerative medicine, notably the likelihood that specific changes arising in undifferentiated PSC cultures may be associated with potential malignant transformation of differentiated progeny. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shred by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Dataset EGAD00001002231

• Tam-Seq of HGSOC samples for fixative comparison study

  Targeted amplicon sequencing of samples as part of the study "Methanol-based fixation is superior to buffered formalin for next-generation sequencing of DNA from clinical cancer samples. The amplicon panel consists of 48 amplicons in TP53, PTEN, EGFR, PIK3CA, KRAS and BRAF genes as described previously [Forshew, STM 2012]. All libraries were pooled and quantify using DNA 1000 kit on Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and KAPA SYBR FAST ABI Prism qPCR Kit (KAPA Biosystems) on 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems) according to the supplier's recommendations. Reads were aligned using bwa-mem v0.7.12-r1039 to the 1000 genomes version of human genome build GRCh37, retaining duplicate reads.

  Dataset EGAD00001001937

• Non-ADT METs ICGC Prostate UK

  To characterize the subclonal genomic architecture of non-androgen-deprived metastatic prostate cancer, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of pelvic lymph node metastases and matching noncancerous blood from 10 patients to an average sequencing depth of 55x. The patients are part of PELICAN (Project to ELIminate Lethal Cancer) study led by G. Steven Bova at Johns Hopkins University (USA) and Tampere University (Finland). As of September 2020, study using these data is: Wedge et al, Nature Genetics 2018 (PMID: 29662167)

  Dataset EGAD00001002002

• ENU-LS-411N-TripleTherapy

  BRAF V600E colorectal cancers do not respond to the only currently FDA approved targeted therapy for CRC. There is currently a trial underway in the UK recruiting V600E CRC patients for treatment with a triple therapy combination of Cetuximab, Trametinib and Dabrafenib. We have mutagenized a pool of V600E CRC cell lines and treated with this triple therapy to select out drug resistant clones. We will now sequence these drug resistant clones with the aim of identifying common point mutations engendering resistance to this new therapy.

  Dataset EGAD00001002051

• DNA sequencing for gastric cancer ascites

  Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on a total of 34 PC specimens, with 15 cases having matched gDNAs extracted from blood.

  Dataset EGAD00001004364

• RNA sequencing for gastric cancer ascites

  Whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on 39 PC specimens. Among them, 21 specimens also had WES data.

  Dataset EGAD00001004365

• Dataset for "Genomic landscape of oral cancers" (Illumina RNA)

  Dataset for "Genomic landscape of oral cancers" (Illumina RNA)

  Dataset EGAD00001004366

• Organoid Derivation Project TGS: Release 1

  Targeted gene sequencing of cancer driver genes to determine the driver mutations present in newly-derived cancer organoid models

  Dataset EGAD00001004368

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001002974

• OT2_Illumina_RNA_MET

  RNAseq on Illumina HiSeq2000/2500 of colorectal cancer metastasis sample (OT2_cohort)

  Dataset EGAD00001003364

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a breast cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a breast cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001002972

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a rectal adenocarcinoma patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a rectal adenocarcinoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001002973

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown primary patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown primary patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001002975