15174 results for "cancer studies using rna-seq"

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• HGSC WGS for the study Genomic consequences of aberrant DNA repair mechanisms stratify ovarian cancer histotypes

  HGSC cases in the OvCaRe and CRCHUM Tumour Banks were selected according to the following criteria: (i) were administered platinum taxane based therapy; (ii) relapsed within 12 months (365 days) or had at least longer than 4.5 years (1642.5 days) follow-up data; (iii) had at least 50% tumour content by H&E staining and expert pathology review. All cases were re-reviewed by expert pathologists to confirm the diagnosis of HGSC. Germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 was determined for all patients through hereditary cancer screening programs. The design of cases selection as a discovery cohort was engineered to amplify biological differences by selecting cases from the extremes of the outcome distribution. All HGSC tumours are primary tumour samples. Library construction and sequencing Frozen specimens with >50% tumour cellularity (based on initial slide review) were used for cryosectioning and subsequent nucleic acid extraction. Patient tumour and normal blood samples derived from primary, untreated fresh frozen tumour specimens harvested at diagnosis during standard of care debulking surgery. Germline DNA was provided from peripheral blood buffy coat on all specimens except 13 from Tokyo, where non-cancer frozen tissue was used as a germline source. DNA extraction from both matched normal (blood) and tumour samples (frozen tissue) were performed using the QIAamp Blood and Tissue DNA kit (Qiagen) and quantified using a Qbit fluorometer and reagents (high-sensitivity assay). Three lanes of Illumina HiSeq 2500 v4 chemistry for normal samples and five lanes for tumour samples were obtained. The PCR-free protocol was adopted to eliminate the PCR-induced bias and improve coverage across the genome.

  Dataset EGAD00001003268

• Characterization of Immune Evasion in Merkel Cell Carcinoma

  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, neuroendocrine skin carcinoma that is caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in 80% of cases and by ultraviolet (UV) damage in 20% of cases. MCC should theoretically elicit a strong cytotoxic T cell response due to the high neoantigen and viral antigen burden in MCPyV- and MCPyV+ MCC, respectively. However, MCC often escapes immune recognition and is associated with very poor prognosis at advanced stages. To systemically identify mechanisms of immune evasion in MCC, we established 11 robust MCC lines from either primary tumors or patient-derived xenografts (7 MCPyV+ and 4 MCPyV-). We then characterized these tumors and cell lines by whole exome sequencing (WES), RNA-sequencing, scRNA-sequencing, ATAC-seq, and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). We also studied MCC transcriptional subtypes, utilizing bulk and scRNA-sequencing datasets of patient-derived tumors and cell lines to investigate profiles of neuroendocrine gene expression. The genes linked below define either a neuroendocrine or a non-neuroendocrine phenotype presence within MCC tumors.

  Study phs002260

• Altered Interactions between Circulating and Tissue-Resident CD8 T Cells with the Colonic Mucosa Define Checkpoint Inhibitor Colitis

  Therapeutic immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized oncology, but treatments are limited by immune-related adverse events, including checkpoint inhibitor colitis (irColitis). To define molecular drivers of irColitis, we profiled ~300,000 cells from the colonic mucosa and blood of 29 patients and controls. Patients with irColitis showed expanded mucosal Tregs (regulatory T cells), CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells expressing CXCL13 and Th17 gene programs, and recirculating ITGB2 CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic CD4 T cells, recirculating CD8 T cells, and endothelial cells expressing hypoxia gene programs were further expanded in colitis associated with anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 compared to in the presence of anti-PD-1 therapy. Luminal epithelial cells in irColitis patients expressed PCSK9, PD-L1, and interferon-induced signatures associated with apoptosis, increased cell turnover, and malabsorption.Raw data files from both colon and PBMCs from irColitis patients and controls have been provided to dbGaP. Count matrices derived from raw RNA-Seq data will be available through GEO accession GSE206301.

  Study phs003418

• Immuno-genomic Profiling of Biopsy Specimens Predicts Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers and is primarily treated with platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Some ESCCs respond well to NAC. However, biomarkers to predict NAC sensitivity and their response mechanism in ESCC remain unclear. We introduce a model by machine learning and validated its potential to predict the NAC response in ESCC. To create this model, we performed whole genome sequencing and RNA-seq analysis on totally 141 ESCC biopsy specimens before NAC treatment and analyzed their immuno-genomic features and association with NAC response. Neutrophils infiltration could play an important role in ESCC response to NAC. We also demonstrated that specific copy number alterations and copy number signatures in the ESCC genome were significantly associated with NAC response. The interactions between the tumor genome and immune features of ESCC are likely to be a new indicator of therapeutic capability and a new therapeutic target for ESCC, and machine learning prediction for NAC response is useful.

  Study JGAS000535

• Single-cell analysis of airway samples identifies immune cell activation correlating with COVID-19 disease severity

  To investigate the immune response and mechanisms associated with severe COVID-19, we performed single-cell RNA-seq on nasopharyngeal and bronchial samples from 19 clinically well-characterized patients with moderate or critical disease and from 5 healthy controls. We identified airway epithelial cell types and states vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In COVID-19 patients, epithelial cells showed an average threefold increase in expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2, which correlated with interferon signals by immune cells. Compared with moderate cases, critical cases exhibited stronger interactions between epithelial and immune cells, as indicated by ligand–receptor expression profiles, and activated immune cells , including inflammatory macrophages expressing CCL2, CCL3, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL10, IL8, IL1B and TNF . The transcriptional differences in critical cases compared with moderate cases likely contribute to clinical observations of heightened inflammatory tissue damage, lung injury and respiratory failure. Our data suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of the CCR1 and/or CCR5 pathways may suppress immune hyperactivation in critical COVID-19.

  Study EGAS00001004481

• Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Discrete Tumor Microenvironments and Autocrine Loops Within Ovarian Cancer Subclones

  Ovarian masses from patients with high grade serous ovarian carcinoma undergoing debulking surgery were subjected to spatial transcriptomics profiling using the 10x Genomics Visium (fresh frozen) platform. Copy number inference using inferCNV predicted the presence of subclones with mutually exclusive copy number alterations (CNAs) in 5 of the 8 patient samples studied. In one patient, 3 subclones were predicted. For this patient sample, a serial section of the same tumor was used to microdissect regions corresponding to each of these subclones, and a 'normal' region predicted to contain only fibroblasts and no tumor cells. These microdissected regions were processed for low pass whole genome sequencing (WGS) and CNAs recorded using ichorCNA. An oral biopsy lacking tumor cells from an unrelated donor was used as a negative control for CNA inference. The CNAs predicted by inferCNV for the three subclones were validated by the low pass WGS and no CNAs were observed in the normal region containing fibroblasts.

  Study phs003561

• UK renal cancer samples genotyped on Illumina OmniExpress BeadChip

  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cases comprised adult patients with histologically proven RCC were collected through two sources within the UK. First, 856 cases from SORCE, a MRC collection of surgically treated RCC cases ascertained through UK clinical oncology centres. Second, 189 RCC cases collected through the ICR and Royal Marsden NHS Hospitals Trust. Cases included 590 clear cell carcinomas (CCCs), 42 papillary carcinomas (PCs), 33 chromophobe carcinomas (CCs) and 19 mixed or other histological subtypes. DNA was extracted from EDTA-venous blood samples using the conventional methods and quantified using PicoGreen (Invitrogen). Cases were genotyped using the Human OmniExpress-12 BeadChip according to the manufacturer's recommendations (Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA, USA). After strict QC, 944 cases were retained. Data provided in plink format. Controls used were data from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 (WTCCC2) 1958 birth cohort and the UK Blood Service Control Group (available as EGAS00000000028).

  Study EGAS00001002336

• National Cancer Institute (NCI) Primary Human Melanocyte QTL Study

  In order to create a melanocyte-specific QTL resource, we obtained primary human melanocyte cultures isolated from foreskin of 106 healthy newborn males predominantly of European descent. Melanocytes were cultured in lot-matched culture medium in randomized batches to minimize variability that could be introduced by culturing conditions. RNA sequencing and direct SNP genotyping of these samples produced an average of ~87.9 million reads (paired-end, stranded, 126bps), and ~713,000 SNP genotypes, respectively. Illumina 450K methylation array covered over 485,000 CpGs distributed genome wide.

  Study phs001500

• Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI): Single-Cell Atlas of NF1 Nerve Sheath Tumors

  The worst outcome of NF1 is the development of the aggressive and highly metastatic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), which transform from benign plexiform neurofibroma (PN) and lack effective treatment. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 63 clinically annotated NF1-associated peripheral nerve sheath tumors, including 24 PN, 34 premalignant atypical neurofibromas, and 5 MPNSTs. These results improve the ability of identifying high-risk neurofibromas and provide a unique opportunity for early detection of MPNST.

  Study phs003519

• The genetic analysis of circulating tumor DNA in blood of the digestive cancer patients to investigate the prognostic factors of metastasis and reccurence.

  A Darwinian evolutionary shift occurred early in the neutral evolution of advanced colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and copy number aberrations (CNA) were essential in the transition from adenoma to carcinoma. Subsequent to the primary evolution, we now focus on the evolutionary principle of the genome to foster postoperative recurrence of CRC. SO, We compared CNA, single nucleotide variance (SNV), RNA sequences between 8 primary and 11 metastatic sites from 10 CRCR cases.

  Study JGAS000221