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• PAS Pedigrees: Identification of novel genetic variants contributing to cardiovascular disease in pedigrees with premature atherosclerosis.

  The heritability of CVD has been estimated to be between 40 and 55%. Due to the low MAF, PAS-causing mutations cannot be identified by indirect genotyping because their presence cannot be inferred from common haplotypes, as has been done successfully to uncover common risk variants by GWAS. It has been shown by Ng et al that the causative gene for rare syndromes can be unequivocally identified by sequencing the exomes of only four cases and eight controls. We expect exome sequencing to result in a high number of mutations and non-causitive coding variants.

  Study EGAS00001000052

• Comprehensive genomic profiling of matched glioblastoma tumours, cell-lines, and xenografts reveals genomic stability and adaptation to disparate growth environments

  The mandate of this project was to use drug screening to deliver new drugs for glioblastoma (GBM) to clinical trials, and perform genomic assessment of GBM to discover new therapeutic targets and predictors of response. The sequencing data in this set was derived from GBM patient tumor samples, matched brain tumor initiating cells lines (BTICs), and tumor tissue derived from orthotopic implants.

  Study EGAS00001002709

• SNP genotyping data in genes related to trace element homeostasis

  In this study we provide data regarding sample charactheristics and genotypes in 150 human samples of European origin for SNPs located around genes related to metal homeostasis. SNPs were genotyped with the Illumina VeraCode technology (192-plex format). The genotyped SNPs were used to identify quantitative trait loci in the same samples. Data referring to the quantification of 18 micronutrients, the expression levels of 90 genes and the protein abundances of 40 proteins related to metal homeostasis in the same samples are directly available as supplementary material in the publication of this study.

  Study EGAS00001001292

• University of Utah Pelvic Organ Prolapse Disorder Study

  The overall purpose of this University of Utah Pelvic Organ Prolapse Disorder Study was to identify and localize predisposition genes contributing to pelvic organ prolapse (POP). POP cases recruited for this study were identified by one of three methods: high-risk POP pedigree cases, POP sister pairs, and surgically-treated POP cases reporting a family history of POP. High-risk POP pedigree cases were identified using the Utah Population Database (UPDB), a genealogy database of residents in Utah that has been linked to diagnostic ICD9 and CPT codes in medical records at the University of Utah and Intermountain Healthcare. We identified families with a significant excess number of POP cases compared to matched population rates and targeted these individuals for recruitment as well as any other POP cases in the family. POP sister pair cases were identified at the University of Utah Urogyncology clinic for women who had undergone POP surgery and also self-reported one or more sisters who were also surgically treated for POP. POP affection status of all sisters was confirmed either by physical examination or by chart review. Surgically treated-POP cases reporting a family history of POP were identified at the University of Utah Urogyncology clinic by self-report of a family history of POP. Efforts were made to recruit other affected family members and confirm affection status. To obtain DNA, subjects provided either a blood specimen or saliva. Medical records were reviewed by a urogynecologist and diagnostic information for pelvic organ prolapse and stress and overactive bladder were obtained. Collected DNA was genotyped and analyzed. To maintain confidentiality of the familial data, genetic data from only one subject per family has been submitted to dbGaP. Use of the University of Utah Pelvic Organ Prolapse Disorder Study data is limited to investigators studying pelvic floor disorders. These pelvic floor disorders include pelvic organ prolapse, urinary and anal incontinence, and other conditions related to weakening or injury to the muscles and connective tissue in the pelvis as a result of pelvic surgery, pregnancy, or vaginal delivery of a child. These data will be used only for research purposes related to pelvic floor disorders. They will not be used to determine the individual identity of any person or their relationship to another person or for research on non-disease traits.

  Study phs001439

• Data Use Ontology (DUO)

  Data Use Ontology Data Use Ontology at EGA The EGA is committed to its involvement in the work of GA4GH. In an effort to enhance data discoverability and streamline data access, EGA have implemented the use of the Data Use Ontology (DUO), based on consent codes as described in Dyke et al. 2017. The Data Use Ontology codes will be displayed on the live dataset page of your submission to advise any would be requestor on how the data can be used and also to enhance data discoverability as users will be able to search on these codes to find applicable datasets. DUO can be browsed online via the Ontology Lookup Service Learn more reading the Data Use Ontology publication and the GA4GH Machine-Readable Consent Guidance! Check our DAC Portal Take The Tour and learn how to add DUO codes to your policy! Term Shorthand Label Description DUO:0000004 NRES no restriction This data use permission indicates there is no restriction on use. DUO:0000042 GRU general research use This data use permission indicates that use is allowed for general research use for any research purpose. DUO:0000006 HMB health or medical or biomedical research This data use permission indicates that use is allowed for health/medical/biomedical purposes; does not include the study of population origins or ancestry. DUO:0000007 DS disease specific research This data use permission indicates that use is allowed provided it is related to the specified disease. DUO:0000011 POA population origins or ancestry research only This data use permission indicates that use of the data is limited to the study of population origins or ancestry. DUO:0000012 RS research specific restrictions This data use modifier indicates that use is limited to studies of a certain research type. DUO:0000015 NMDS no general methods research This data use modifier indicates that use does not allow methods development research (e.g., development of software or algorithms). DUO:0000016 GSO genetic studies only This data use modifier indicates that use is limited to genetic studies only (i.e., studies that include genotype research alone or both genotype and phenotype research, but not phenotype research exclusively) DUO:0000018 NPUNCU not for profit, non commercial use only This data use modifier indicates that use of the data is limited to not-for-profit organizations and not-for-profit use, non-commercial use. DUO:0000019 PUB publication required This data use modifier indicates that requestor agrees to make results of studies using the data available to the larger scientific community. DUO:0000020 COL collaboration required This data use modifier indicates that the requestor must agree to collaboration with the primary study investigator(s). DUO:0000021 IRB ethics approval required This data use modifier indicates that the requestor must provide documentation of local IRB/ERB approval. DUO:0000022 GS geographical restriction This data use modifier indicates that use is limited to within a specific geographic region. DUO:0000024 MOR publication moratorium This data use modifier indicates that requestor agrees not to publish results of studies until a specific date. DUO:0000025 TS time limit on use This data use modifier indicates that use is approved for a specific number of months. DUO:0000026 US user specific restriction This data use modifier indicates that use is limited to use by approved users. DUO:0000027 PS project specific restriction This data use modifier indicates that use is limited to use within an approved project. DUO:0000028 IS institution specific restriction This data use modifier indicates that use is limited to use within an approved institution. DUO:0000029 RTN return to database or resource This data use modifier indicates that the requestor must return derived/enriched data to the database/resource. DUO:0000043 CC clinical care use This data use modifier indicates that use is allowed for clinical use and care. DUO:0000044 NPOA population origins or ancestry research prohibited This data use modifier indicates use for purposes of population, origin, or ancestry research is prohibited. DUO:0000045 NPU not for profit organisation use only This data use modifier indicates that use of the data is limited to not-for-profit organisations. DUO:0000046 NCU non-commercial use only This data use modifier indicates that use of the data is limited to not-for-profit use. Point to Notice: For the consent code DUO:0000007 where data is restricted to use on a specific disease, please accompany it with an appropriate ontology from MONDO e.g., If the data is restricted to the use of research into juvenile idiopathic arthritis the code should be displayed as DUO:0000007; MONDO:0011429.

  Documentation access/data-access-committee/data-use-ontology

• Karyotype Evolution in Response to Chemoradiotherapy and Upon Recurrence of Esophageal Adenocarcinomas

  The genome of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is highly unstable and might evolve over time. Here, we track karyotype evolution in EACs in response to treatment and upon recurrence through multi-region and longitudinal analysis. To this end, we introduce L-PAC, a bio-informatics technique that allows inference of absolute copy number aberrations (CNA) of low-purity samples by leveraging information of high-purity samples from the same cancer. Quantitative analysis of matched absolute CNAs reveals that the amount of karyotype evolution induced by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is predictive for early recurrence and depends on the initial level of karyotype intra-tumor heterogeneity. We observe that CNAs acquired in response to CRT are partially reversed back to the initial state upon recurrence. CRT hence alters the fitness landscape to which tumors can adjust by adapting their karyotype. Together, our results indicate that karyotype plasticity contributes to therapy resistance of EACs.

  Study EGAS00001007711

• Loss of presentation of estimated neoantigens from mutated genes in ctDNA was essential for fostering primary to recurrent tumors in postoperative colorectal cancer cases

  Specific parameters regarding mutations at primary sites for the detection of postoperative recurrence using circulating tumor (ct)DNA liquid biopsy are lacking. In the current retrospective study, we conducted target resequencing of ctDNA using 47 plasma samples and established a cancer panel carrying the commonly mutated genes between primary and recurrent tumors. We found that mutated genes in ctDNA indicated immune-resistance traits with respect to the impaired ability to present neoantigens by loss of expression or binding affinity to HLA in the primary tumor. Compared with the estimated neoantigens from all mutated genes in primary tumors, the neoantigen peptides from commonly mutated genes between primary and recurrent tumors showed abundant and significant expression with no binding affinity to HLA. Therefore, ctDNA mutations can be frequently and postoperatively detected to identify recurrence; however, these mutated genes were derived from immune-tolerated clones owing to the loss of neoantigen presentation in primary CRC tumors.

  Study JGAS000549

• H014: HES5 mediates NOTCH signaling by interaction with AKT to drive liver carcinogenesis

  Notch signaling plays a pivotal role in liver development and aberrant Notch signaling may lead to hepatocellular (HCC) or cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA) development. Using whole exome sequencing of 54 human HCC samples, we discovered 19 somatic missense mutations in 15 different Notch pathway genes affecting 24.6% (14 of 57) of patients. Prediction of functional impact of these Notch pathway mutations revealed HES5-R31G to have high relevance. We found HES5 to be strongly activated by Notch signaling. In vitro, HES5 reduced cell migration and clonogenicity and in vivo, HES5 inhibited MYC-dependent liver tumor formation. But together with AKT, HES5 increased liver tumor formation in a mouse model. HES5 directly binds to AKT and AKT expression leads to increase HES5 protein levels. Furthermore, HES5 exhibits a negative feed-back loop by inhibiting NOTCH1 and HES1 gene expression. In contrast, HES5-R31G appears to be non-functional possibly by loss of nuclear translocation

  Study EGAS00001003329

• Blood transcriptome profiling links immunity to disease severity in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).

  The blood transcriptome was examined in relation to disease severity in type I myotonic dystrophy (DM1) patients who participated in the Observational Prolonged Trial In DM1 to Improve QoL- Standards (OPTIMISTIC) study. This sought to a) ascertain if transcriptome changes were associated with increasing disease severity, as measured by the muscle impairment rating scale (MIRS) and b) es-tablish if these changes in mRNA expression and associated biological pathways were also observed in the Dystrophia Myotonica Biomarker Discovery Initiative (DMBDI) microarray dataset in blood (with equivalent MIRS/DMPK repeat length). The changes in gene expression were compared using a number of complementary pathways, gene ontology and upstream regulator analyses, which suggested that symptom severity in DM1 was linked to transcriptomic alterations in innate and adaptive im-munity associated with muscle wasting. Future studies should explore the role of immunity in DM1 in more detail to assess its relevance to DM1.

  Study EGAS00001006926

• Myeloid-specific KDM6B inhibition sensitizes Glioblastoma to PD1 blockade

  Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are enriched in immune-suppressive myeloid cells and are refractory to immune checkpoint therapy (ICT). Targeting epigenetic pathways to reprogram the functional phenotype of immune-suppressive myeloid cells to overcome resistance to ICT remains unexplored. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses of human GBM tumors demonstrated high expression of an epigenetic enzyme - histone 3 lysine 27 demethylase (KDM6B) in intra-tumoral immune-suppressive myeloid cell subsets. Importantly, myeloid-cell specific Kdm6b deletion enhanced pro-inflammatory pathways and improved survival in GBM tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistic studies elucidated that the absence of Kdm6b enhances antigen-presentation, interferon response and phagocytosis in myeloid cells by inhibiting mediators of immune suppression including Mafb, Socs3 and Sirpa. Further, pharmacological inhibition of KDM6B mirrored the functional phenotype of Kdm6b deleted myeloid cells and enhanced anti-PD1 efficacy. Thus, this study identified KDM6B as an epigenetic regulator of the functional phenotype of myeloid cell subsets and a potential therapeutic target to improve response to ICT.

  Study EGAS00001007002