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• deep-learning-powered tissue deconvolution for cfDNA

  Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a noninvasive biomarker for cell death of all organs. Deciphering the tissue origin of cfDNA can reveal abnormal cell death because of diseases, which has great clinical potential in disease detection and monitoring. Despite the great promise, the sensitive and accurate quantification of tissue-derived cfDNA remains challenging to existing methods due to the limited characterization of tissue methylation and the reliance on unsupervised methods. To fully exploit the clinical potential of tissue-derived cfDNA, here we present one of the largest comprehensive and high-resolution methylation atlas based on 521 noncancer tissue samples spanning 29 major types of human tissues. We systematically identified fragment-level tissue-specific methylation patterns and extensively validated them in orthogonal datasets. Based on the rich tissue methylation atlas, we develop the first supervised tissue deconvolution approach, a deep-learning-powered model, cfSort, for sensitive and accurate tissue deconvolution in cfDNA. On the benchmarking data, cfSort showed superior sensitivity and accuracy compared to the existing methods. We further demonstrated the clinical utilities of cfSort with two potential applications: aiding disease diagnosis and monitoring treatment side effects. The tissue-derived cfDNA fraction estimated from cfSort reflected the clinical outcomes of the patients. In summary, the tissue methylation atlas and cfSort enhanced the performance of tissue deconvolution in cfDNA, thus facilitating cfDNA-based disease detection and longitudinal treatment monitoring.

  Study EGAS00001007213

• Integrated genomic characterization of adrenocortical carcinoma

  Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are aggressive cancers originating in the cortex of the adrenal glands. Despite the overall poor prognosis, ACC outcome is heterogeneous. CTNNB1 and TP53 mutations are frequent in these tumors, but the complete spectrum of genetic changes remains undefined. Exome sequencing and SNP array analysis of 45 ACC revealed recurrent alterations in known drivers (CTNNB1, TP53, CDKN2A, RB1, MEN1) and genes not previously reported to be altered in ACC (ZNRF3, DAXX, TERT and MED12), which were validated in an independent cohort of 77 ACC. The cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNRF36 was the gene the most frequently altered (21%), and appears as a potential novel tumor suppressor gene related to the ß-catenin pathway. Our integrated genomic analyses led to the identification of two distinct molecular subgroups with opposite outcome. The C1A group of poor outcome ACC was characterized by numerous mutations and DNA methylation alterations, whereas the C1B group with good prognosis displayed a specific deregulation of two miRNA clusters. Thus, aggressive and indolent ACC correspond to two distinct molecular entities, driven by different oncogenic alterations.Array based dataset for this study has been made public at:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE49280.

  Study EGAS00001000665

• Chromatin activation profiling of stereotyped chronic lymphocytic leukemias reveals a subset #8 specific signature

  The chromatin activation landscape of major subsets of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with stereotyped B-cell receptor immunoglobulin is currently unknown. Here, we report the results of a whole-genome chromatin profiling of histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation of 18 CLLs from subsets #1, #2, #4, and #8 which were compared against non-stereotyped CLLs and normal B cell subpopulations. Although subsets #1, #2, and #4 were similar to their non-stereotyped CLL counterparts with concordant somatic hypermutation status, subset #8 displayed a remarkably different chromatin activation profile.

  Study EGAS00001006457

• Acute Respiratory Distress Network (ARDSNet) Studies 10 and 12 Statins for Acutely Injured Lungs from Sepsis (SAILS) (ARDSNet-SAILS-BioLINCC)

  Data Access NOTE: Please refer to the “Authorized Access” section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions. Biospecimens Access to Biospecimens is through the NHLBI Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center (BioLINCC). Biospecimens from ARDSNet-SAILS include Plasma, DNA, and Urine. Please note that use of biospecimens in genetic research is subject to a tiered consent. Objectives The SAILS trial was intended to assess the efficacy and safety of oral rosuvastatin in participants with sepsis-induced Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and test the hypothesis that rosuvastatin therapy would improve the clinical outcomes of critically ill participants with sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Background In ARDS, inflammation in the lungs and other organs can cause life-threatening organ failure. Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (statins) can modulate inflammatory responses. Previous observational studies suggested that statins improved clinical outcomes in participants with sepsis. Participants There were 745 participants. Design Participants were randomly assigned in permuted blocks to receive either enteral rosuvastatin or placebo. A 40 mg loading dose of the study drug was administered within four hours after randomization. Subsequently, maintenance doses of 20 mg were administered daily until the third day after discharge from the intensive care unit, study day 28, hospital discharge, or death, whichever came first. The primary outcome measure was mortality before hospital discharge home or until study day 60 if the participant was still in a health care facility. Secondary outcome measures included the number of ventilator-free days to day 28, organ-failure-free days to day 14, and ICU-free days to day 28. Conclusions The study was stopped because of futility after 745 of an estimated 1000 participants had been enrolled. There was no significant difference between study groups in 60 day in-hospital mortality or in mean ventilator-free days. The rosuvastatin group had fewer days free of hepatic or renal failure. Thus, rosuvastatin therapy did not improve clinical outcomes in participants with sepsis-associated ARDS and may have contributed to hepatic and renal organ dysfunction.

  Study phs003736

• Data Access Commitee for Schulte-Schrepping et al., 2020: Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment

  Dac EGAC00001001684

• Rare_renal_tumours_RNA_

  Rare renal tumours are by hard to classify and there is very little available information regarding prognosis and sensitivity to treatment. Here we endevour to understand their genomic properties in order to better understand their biology.

  Study EGAS00001004323

• Rare_renal_tumours_WGS_

  Rare renal tumours are by hard to classify and there is very little available information regarding prognosis and sensitivity to treatment. Here we endevour to understand their genomic properties in order to better understand their biology.

  Study EGAS00001004322

• Clinical efficacy and biomarker analysis of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in operable urothelial carcinoma in the ABACUS trial

  ABACUS is a single arm phase 2 study that investigated 2 cycles of atezolizumab (1200mg Q3) prior to cystectomy in 95 patients with muscle invasive transitional cell cancer (T2-4N0M0). Pathological complete response (pCR) occurring in ≥20% of patients was the primary endpoint. Biomarker analysis on sequential tissue was a co-primary endpoint.

  Study EGAS00001004445

• Amplicon_based_sequencing_of_drug_resistant_organoids

  A BRAF V600E colorectal organoid which is sensitive to MAP kinase inhibition was mutagenised with the chemical mutagen ENU and then drug selected using a combination of Trametinib, Dabrafenib and Cetuximab. Single cell derived organoids were then manually picked and expanded in drug. Resistance was confirmed in a 14 day assay and DNA was collected. These then underwent targeted amplicon-based sequencing to confirm candidate resistance effectors from a screen in 2 2D BRAF V600E colorectal cell lines. Pools of resistant clones were also sequenced.

  Study EGAS00001001639

• Gene Characterization in Carbohydrate metabolic alterations (neonatel diabetes & congenital hyperinsulinemic) in early childhood (2018-03-14)

  Whole Exome Sequencing of trios (proband + parents) or probands only with Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (NDM) or Congenital Hyperinsulinism of Infancy (CHI) of unknown genetic origin. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/ . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2018-03-14.

  Dataset EGAD00001004040

• "BaTwa" populations from Zambia retain ancestry of past hunter-gatherer groups

  We genotyped and analyzed over two million genome-wide SNPs from two BaTwa populations (40 individuals by population), and from three comparative farming populations (10 to 21 individuals by population) in order to: (i) determine if the Zambian BaTwa carry any genetic material linking them to past hunter-gatherer-groups, and (ii) characterize the genetic affinities of past Zambian hunter-gatherer-groups. We found that both BaTwa populations harbor a hunter-gatherer- like genetic component, representing ∼19% (Bangweulu) and ∼31% (Kafue) of their genetic ancestry, while the rest of their ancestry is similar to western Africans.

  Study EGAS50000000378

• TenK10K project

  This DAC handles access to data from the TenK10K project, which is comprised of matched whole-genome sequencing (WGS), single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), single nuclei ATAC-sequencing, and single cell Multiome datasets.

  Dac EGAC50000000931

• CHEWIE ctDNA in Rhabdomyosarcoma

  Targeted DNA based panel of multiple ctDNA samples from 10 patients througout clinical care to assess treatment response. The panel is custom-designed and property of UGS, IC.

  Dataset EGAD00001011127

• TCRab sequencing of CML patients

  This dataset contains 15 TCRab sequencing samples from 6 CML patients before and after TKI-cessation. The raw data is available as fastq files.

  Dataset EGAD00001012841

• Chicago Infant Mortality Study

  The Chicago Infant Mortality Study (CIMS) was a population-based, prospective, case-control study conducted in metropolitan Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, to examine the risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) among a primarily Black population. Eligible case infants were aged birth to one year where the cause of death was determined to be SIDS while eligible control infants were aged one month to one year who died of other sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) causes. Recruitment occurred between November 1993 and April 1996. The goal of this ancillary multiomics study was to evaluate possible genetic and epigenetic determinates of SIDS and together with metabolomic profiles, identify novel clinical diagnostic tools to enable molecular autopsies and biomarkers to proactively identify and intervene in infants at greater risk of death from SIDS. The multiomics data was generated from medical examiner autopsy specimens and includes: whole exome sequencing genotypes; RNA-seq transcriptome and methylome profiles from autopsy heart tissue; and serum metabolomics profiles. The sample size available varies with the modality of the omics assay, but the total number of unique infants included is about 400.

  Study phs003790

• Engineering of a promoterless anti-viral RNAi hairpin into an endogenous miRNA locus

  Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression strategies that allow safe and persistent target mRNA knockdown are key to the success of many in vitro or in vivo RNAi applications. Here, we propose a novel solution which is expression of a promoterless miRNA-adapted shRNA (shmiRNA) from an engineered genomic miRNA locus. For proof-of-concept, we genetically “vaccinated” liver cells against a human pathogen, by using TALEns or CRISPR to integrate an anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) shmiRNA into the liver-specific miR-122/hcr gene. Reporter assays and qRT-PCR confirmed anti-HCV shmiRNA expression as well as miR-122 integrity and functionality. Specificity and safety of shmiRNA integration were validated via PCR, cDNA and miRNA profiling, and whole genome sequencing. A subgenomic HCV replicon and a full-length reporter virus, but not a Dengue virus control, were significantly impaired in the modified cells. Our original combination of DNA engineering and RNAi expression technologies should benefit numerous applications, from basic miRNA research, to human cell and gene therapy.

  Study EGAS00001001252

• Emirati Genome Project Population Variome (MAF Table)

  The Emirati Genome Project (EGP) Variome comprises allele frequency data derived from 43,608 individuals sequenced as part of the national genome program in the United Arab Emirates. Samples were processed at the M42 EGP Facility and sequenced to a minimum of 30x coverage using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 short-read technology. Variant calling and alignment were performed using the DRAGEN pipeline (v3.9) against the GRCh38 reference genome. This dataset contains a total of 421,605,069 short variants (SNVs and indels), stored in VCF format. Each variant is annotated with population-level metrics in the INFO field, including: AC (alternate allele count) AF (alternate allele frequency) RC (reference allele count) RF (reference allele frequency) For convenience, VCF files are split by chromosome (chr1–22, X, Y), compressed and indexed using bgzip and tabix.

  Dataset EGAD50000001558

• CLUSTER Consortium RNAseq PBMC Dataset of pre-methotrexate UK JIA patients cohort

  This is the RNAseq PBMC dataset (paired FASTQ files, n = 82 paired files) generated from pre-methotrexate treatment JIA patients cohort samples. Total PBMC were isolated from pre-treated blood of JIA patients and clinical metadata is also included in this dataset. Samples were sequenced on the NovaSeq6000 instrument (Illumina, San Diego, US) at 300pM, using a 100bp paired read run with corresponding 8bp dual sample index and 5bp or 8bp unique molecular index reads. Run data were demultiplexed and converted to FASTQ files using Illumina’s BCL Convert Software v3.75.

  Dataset EGAD50000001457

• UAMS Smoldering Myeloma Myeloma Sequencing

  Identifying high risk smoldering myeloma patients and progression mechanism is a prerequisite to implement effective inception strategies and curve myeloma related morbidity and mortality. We hypothesize that genomics may help identify determinants of progression that may help predict outcome and offer effective chemo preventive targets. Eighty-two patients underwent a custom targeted panel sequencing with an additional capture for the translocation loci. These results were compared to 223 newly diagnosed patients (EGAS00001003223 and EGAD00001004117) and 17 MGUS and 10 early myeloma patients. DNA was obtained from either CD138+ cells from the bone marrow of multiple myeloma patients (tumor) or from stem cell harvests or peripheral blood cells from the same patient (control). 100 ng of DNA was fragmented, end-repaired, and adapters ligated using the HyperPlus kit (KAPA Biosystems). After PCR amplification the libraries were hybridized with probes against either a targeted panel consisting of 140 genes and chromosomal regions (Nimblegen) using SeqCap reagents (Nimblegen). Hybridized libraries underwent further amplification before being sequenced on a NextSeq500 (Illumina) using 75 bp paired end reads. Overall, these data highlight the importance of dysregulation of the MAPK pathway in the progression to MM.

  Study EGAS00001003629

• Epigenomic dataset of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma for EpiHK

  This dataset is generated for EpiHK. It contains Histone PTM ChIP-seq, WGBS, RNA-seq of 7 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma and 7 tumor adjacent normal tissue sample.

  Dataset EGAD50000000058

• Variant calling for IMMU-SCCHN1 cohort

  The goal of IMMUcan is to understand how the immune system interacts with tumors and how therapeutic interventions influence this interaction. This cohort includes patients with confirmed locally recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) who receive first-line treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or ICI combined with chemotherapy. This dataset contains whole exome sequencing data from tumor and matching germline samples processed with the Vegan pipeline. It includes SNP and CNV calling.

  Dataset EGAD50000002205

• HELIUS cohort gut microbiome

  The gut microbiota composition is unique to every individual but is shaped by common factors including diet, lifestyle, medication use, early-life determinants, living environment or genetics. Most of these factors may be influenced by ethnicity. This study explored variations in fecal microbiota composition in 6048 individuals with different ethnic backgrounds living in the same geographical area (Amsterdam, the Netherlands). The HELIUS data are owned by the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. To allow sharing of microbiome data collected in HELIUS with (inter)national researchers, 16s rRNA sequence analysis has been stored at the European genome-phenome archive (EGA; accession code EGAD00001004106). This requires that access needs to be granted, also because the HELIUS data are stored with relevant phenotypical variables. Access is granted to all researchers affiliated with an internationally recognized research institution who request to use the HELIUS data within the EGA context, after having signed the data transfer agreement. Any researcher can request the data by submitting a proposal to the HELIUS Executive Board as outlined at http://www.heliusstudy.nl/en/researchers/collaboration, by email: heliuscoordinator at amsterdamumc dot nl. The HELIUS Executive Board will check proposals if they do not conflict with ethical approvals and informed consent forms of the HELIUS study.

  Dataset EGAD00001004106

• HELIUS cohort gut microbiome batch2

  The gut microbiota composition is unique to every individual but is shaped by common factors including diet, lifestyle, medication use, early-life determinants, living environment or genetics. Most of these factors may be influenced by ethnicity. This study explored variations in fecal microbiota composition in 6048 individuals with different ethnic backgrounds living in the same geographical area (Amsterdam, the Netherlands). The HELIUS data are owned by the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. To allow sharing of microbiome data collected in HELIUS with (inter)national researchers, 16s rRNA sequence analysis has been stored at the European genome-phenome archive (EGA; accession code EGAD00001004106). This requires that access needs to be granted, also because the HELIUS data are stored with relevant phenotypical variables. Access is granted to all researchers affiliated with an internationally recognized research institution who request to use the HELIUS data within the EGA context, after having signed the data transfer agreement. Any researcher can request the data by submitting a proposal to the HELIUS Executive Board as outlined at http://www.heliusstudy.nl/en/researchers/collaboration, by email: heliuscoordinator at amsterdamumc dot nl. The HELIUS Executive Board will check proposals if they do not conflict with ethical approvals and informed consent forms of the HELIUS study.

  Dataset EGAD00001009732

• Synovial Fibroblast Gene Expression in Response to Fibronectin Fragment

  Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disease characterized by the progressive degradation of articular cartilage, hypertrophy of neighboring bone, and varying degrees of synovial inflammation. Recent research has highlighted the potential role of synovial fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of OA, particularly their inflammatory properties that disrupt cartilage homeostasis. Notably, degraded cartilage matrix components, such as fibronectin fragments (FN-f), have been identified in the synovial fluid of OA patients, suggesting that FN-f signaling influences the synovium where synovial fibroblasts reside. Despite affecting over 500 million individuals globally, our limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms of OA has significantly impeded the development of effective treatment strategies. To investigate this, we obtained deidentified surgical waste material from individuals undergoing knee replacement for OA. Synovial tissue was used to isolate synovial fibroblasts for cell culture studies. We generated bulk RNA-seq data from primary synovial fibroblasts (N=5 individuals) treated at passage 3 with either Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) as control or FN-f for 18h to model the OA synovial fibroblast phenotype. We identified differentially expressed genes at an adjusted p-value of

  Study phs003999

• DRIP-seq data for Molecular Characterization of ETMRs

  This dataset contains DRIP-seq data from 2 patients. DNA–RNA hybrids were extracted from tissue derived from ETMR patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (BT183) that were treated using topotecan or saline as described previously27. Tumours were subsequently frozen and pelleted using ultracentrifugation. DNA–RNA hybrids were extracted as described previously using the same protocol that is applied for cultured cells21. DNA was extracted using proteinase K followed by phenol–chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. Subsequently the DNA was fragmented using the restriction enzymes HindIII, EcoRI, BsrGI, XbaI and SspI (New England Biolabs). Digested DNA was subsequently incubated with the anti-DNA–RNA hybrid anti- body S9.6 (Merck, MABE1095) and immunoprecipitated using agarose beads. Bound DNA–RNA hybrids were eluted and incubated with pro- teinase K and cleaned with an additional phenol–chloroform–ethanol extraction. The DNA was subsequently sonicated and sequenced using a Hiseq 2000 machine with a 50-bp single-read protocol. Each treat- ment condition was performed in duplicate and both RNase H and the input was included as negative controls resulting in 10 Fastq files.

  Dataset EGAD00001006219