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• P4HA1 Mediates Hypoxia-Induced Invasion in Human Pancreatic Cancer Organoids

  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy defined by extensive invasion into the local tumor microenvironment and systemic metastasis. PDAC develops in a hypoxic microenvironment and adapts to survive under low oxygen conditions, including the activation of processes that may enhance the ability of cancer cells to invade locally or metastasize. Here we employ bulk RNA-sequencing of eight patient-derived organoid (PDO) cultures grown in hypoxia and normoxia to identify differentially expressed genes. PDOs were grown in Matrigel, transferred into collagen domes, then incubated in hypoxia or normoxia. Invasive organoids were individually collected from collagen domes grown in hypoxia and normoxia separately and processed for RNA-sequencing analysis. Using this dataset, prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha (P4HA1) was identified as a potential regulator of PDAC invasion in hypoxia. This dataset exists as a reference for gene expression of invasive organoids in hypoxia and normoxia.

  Study phs003961

• Spatial atlas of clonal copy number alterations in co-existing benign and malignant tissue

  Defining the transition from benign to malignant tissue is fundamental to improve early diagnosis of cancer. Here, we use a systematic approach to study spatial genome integrity in situ and describe previously unidentified clonal relationships. We employed spatially resolved transcriptomics to infer spatial copy number variations in >120,000 regions across multiple organs, in benign and malignant tissues. We demonstrate that genome-wide copy number variation reveals distinct clonal patterns within tumours and in nearby benign tissue using an organ-wide approach focused on the prostate. Our results suggest a model for how genomic instability arises in histologically benign tissue that may represent early events in cancer evolution. We highlight the power of capturing the molecular and spatial continuums in a tissue context and challenge the rationale for treatment paradigms, including focal therapy.

  Study EGAS00001006124

• HCA_Immune_UAI_Paediatric_Spatial_Managed_Access

  Comparison of immune populations in adenoid tissue in patients with and without history of otitis media

  Study EGAS00001006471

• Targeted_sequencing_of_in_vitro_colonies___bulks

  In this study we will perform targeted sequencing on the bulk samples of in vitro colonies

  Study EGAS00001003175

• IκBε deficiency accelerates disease development in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

  The NFKBIE gene, which encodes the NF-κB inhibitor IκBε, is mutated in 3-7% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The most recurrent alteration is a 4-bp frameshift deletion associated with NF-κB activation in leukemic B cells and poor clinical outcome. To study the functional consequences of NFKBIE gene inactivation, both in vitro and in vivo, we engineered CLL B cells and CLL-prone mice to stably down-regulate NFKBIE expression and investigated its role in controlling NF-κB activity and disease expansion. We found that IκBε loss leads to NF-κB pathway activation and promotes both migration and proliferation of CLL cells in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, NFKBIE inactivation was sufficient to induce a more rapid expansion of the CLL clone in lymphoid organs and contributed to the development of an aggressive disease with a shortened survival in both xenografts and genetically modified mice. IκBε deficiency was associated with an alteration of the MAPK pathway, also confirmed by RNA-sequencing in NFKBIE-mutated patient samples, and resistance to the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib. In summary, our work underscores the multimodal relevance of the NF-κB pathway in CLL and paves the way to translate these findings into novel therapeutic options.

  Dataset EGAD50000000754

• Heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension - new genetic findings and environmental triggers

  Whole exome seqeuncing data were analysed for a total of 13 family members of five heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) families to identify a disease causing variant. In a first step, variants only present in affected family members and absent in healthy relatives of the respective family were selected. Subseqeuntly, due to incomplete penetrance of genes in PAH, the analysis was extended to variants present both in affected and healthy individuals. Heterozygous variants were primarily investigated followed by homozygous, compound heterozygous, and bi-allelic variants of interest. This study led to the identification of rare deleterious variants in three out of five families.

  Study EGAS50000001275

• A GWAS in uveal melanoma identifies risk polymorphisms in the CLPTM1L locus.

  Uveal melanoma, a rare malignant tumor of the eye, is predominantly observed in populations of European ancestry. A genome-wide association study of 259 uveal melanoma patients compared to 401 controls all of European ancestry revealed a candidate locus at chromosome 5p15.33 (region rs421284: OR = 1.7, CI 1.43-2.05). This locus was replicated in an independent set of 276 cases and 184 controls. In addition, risk variants from this region were positively associated with higher expression of CLPTM1L. In conclusion, the CLPTM1L region contains risk alleles for uveal melanoma susceptibility, suggesting that CLPTM1L could play a role in uveal melanoma oncogenesis.

  Study EGAS00001002334

• Metabolic context regulates the competitive fitness of oncogenic PIK3CA mutant clones in the normal esophagus

  Activating mutations in PIK3CA generate large clones in the aging human esophagus. Here we investigate the underlying cellular mechanisms regulating their expansion by lineage tracing. Expression of an activating heterozygous Pik3caH1047R mutation in single progenitor cells of the mouse esophagus tilts cell fate towards proliferation, generating mutant clones that outcompete their wild type neighbours. The mutation leads to increased aerobic glycolysis through the activation of Hif1α transcriptional targets. In vitro and in vivo interventions that level out differences in activation of the PI3K/HIF1α/aerobic glycolysis axis between wild type and Pik3caH1047R cells attenuate the competitive advantage of the mutants. In contrast, metabolic conditions that alter Insulin/PI3K signalling, such as type-1 diabetes or diet-induced insulin resistance, further increase Pik3caH1047R mutant competitiveness in mice. Consistently, the density of activating PIK3CA mutations in human esophagus is increased in overweight individuals. We conclude that the metabolic environment influences the mutational landscape of normal epithelia. Clinically feasible interventions that even out signalling imbalances between wild type and mutant cells may therefore limit the expansion of oncogenic mutants in normal tissues.

  Dataset EGAD00001008281

• Analysis of chromosomal background of cancerous mutations using a long-read sequencer

  In our previous study detecting cancerous complex SVs, we performed whole-genome sequencing of lung cancer clinical samples using PromethION. In this study, its depth and quality was substantially enriched and we conducted the phasing analysis in human lung cancer genomes. In addition, long read and short read RNA-seq was performed for transcriptome analysis.

  Study JGAS000349

• Somatic_mutation_and_clonal_evolution_in_the_human_bladder_WGS

  In this study, we aim to characterise the landscape of mutation and clonal selection in the human bladder. The data in this study will be generated by whole-genome sequencing of laser-dissected microbiopsies from the bladder. The samples utilised in this study will include urothelium from transplant donors with no history of bladder cancer and cystectomy specimens from patients with bladder cancer.

  Study EGAS00001002658