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• Frequencies of variants in the Danish population

  Study EGAS00001006786

• Mesenchymal niche in myelodysplastic hematopoiesis at single cell resolution

  Study EGAS00001007568

• NK cells in chronic viral hepatitis Data Access Committee

  Dac EGAC50000000530

• MD Anderson Data Access Committee: Pembrolizumab in Advanced Rare Cancers

  Dac EGAC50000000860

• Sequencing data for Clinical Trial

  This study is a tri-institutional Phase 1/randomized Phase 2 trial, bevacizumab-naïve rHGA patients were randomized to either LITT (laser interstitial thermal therapy) plus pembrolizumab (LITT+PEM) or non-LITT surgery plus pembrolizumab (NLS+PEM). Randomization ceased after 21 patients when emerging data showed limited adjuvant ICI (immune checkpoint inhibitors) benefit, and the next 24 patients all received LITT+PEM. The goal of the trial is to use LITT, a minimally invasive cytoreductive approach, to prime these “cold” tumors for enhanced ICI response. rHGA= high-grade astrocytoma

  Study EGAS50000001144

• Altered Interactions between Circulating and Tissue-Resident CD8 T Cells with the Colonic Mucosa Define Checkpoint Inhibitor Colitis

  Therapeutic immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized oncology, but treatments are limited by immune-related adverse events, including checkpoint inhibitor colitis (irColitis). To define molecular drivers of irColitis, we profiled ~300,000 cells from the colonic mucosa and blood of 29 patients and controls. Patients with irColitis showed expanded mucosal Tregs (regulatory T cells), CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells expressing CXCL13 and Th17 gene programs, and recirculating ITGB2 CD8 T cells. Cytotoxic CD4 T cells, recirculating CD8 T cells, and endothelial cells expressing hypoxia gene programs were further expanded in colitis associated with anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 compared to in the presence of anti-PD-1 therapy. Luminal epithelial cells in irColitis patients expressed PCSK9, PD-L1, and interferon-induced signatures associated with apoptosis, increased cell turnover, and malabsorption.Raw data files from both colon and PBMCs from irColitis patients and controls have been provided to dbGaP. Count matrices derived from raw RNA-Seq data will be available through GEO accession GSE206301.

  Study phs003418

• Longitudinal Immune Dynamics of Mild COVID-19 Define Signatures of Recovery and Persistence

  SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 160 million and caused more than 3 million deaths to date. Most individuals (>80%) have mild symptoms and recover in the outpatient setting, but detailed studies of immune responses have focused primarily on moderate to severe COVID-19. We deeply profiled the longitudinal immune response in individuals with mild COVID beginning with early time points post-infection (1-15 days) and proceeding through convalescence to >100 days after symptom onset. We correlated data from single cell analyses of peripheral blood cells, serum proteomics, virus-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, and clinical metadata. Acute infection was characterized by vigorous coordinated innate and adaptive activation, including an early cellular and proteomic signature that correlated with the amplitude of virus-specific humoral responses after day 30. We characterized signals associated with recovery and convalescence to define a new signature of inflammatory cytokines, gene expression, and chromatin accessibility that persists in individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).

  Study phs002576

• Gene expression adaptation of metastases to their host tissue

  The adaptation of metastatic cells to their host tissue critically determines the pathogenicity of a cancer and therefore patient survival. Yet, it remains elusive to what extent the host environment drives gene expression programs in metastatic cells. Here we identify adaptive mechanisms that enable metastases to establish themselves in a novel tissue context. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing on malignant and benign tissue samples from untreated donors with colorectal adenocarcinoma and liver metastasis to deduce tissue adaptive expression patterns. A novel computational approach identified genes and pathways that consistently adapted to the host tissue at the transition from the primary tumor to the paired metastasis across donors. This analysis revealed that the majority of expression changes in the metastasis reflect an expression signature reminiscent of benign liver epithelial cells. Cellular processes adapting to the liver environment include basic cellular functions such as energy metabolism, as well as tissue-specific pathways such as the regulation of lipid metabolism by PPAR-α. These adaptations potentially increase the pathogenicity of the metastatic cells and may provide new therapeutic strategies.

  Study EGAS50000000817

• Chromatin accessibility in stem cells unveils progressive transcriptional reprogramming in myelodysplastic syndrome

  Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) originate from hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) clones with acquired gene mutations/deletions. However, our knowledge on the epigenetic properties of MDS stem cells are limited. Here, we examined chromatin accessibility of MDS stem cells. Chromatin accessibility profiles of MDS stem cells represented the disease status better than progenitor cells and unveiled the process of stem cell reprograming during disease progression. Characterization of differentially accessible regions (DARs) revealed that MDS stem cells acquire progenitor-like chromatin accessibility with disease progression, resulting in imprecise stem-progenitor hierarchy. Profiling of transcriptional factor binding motifs at DARs revealed precocious inactivation and activation of HSC and myeloid transcriptional networks, respectively, in MDS stem cells. Increased chromatin accessibility at CEBP target sites well represented the myeloid reprograming of MDS stem cells and stratified MDS into distinct subgroups. Newly developed "Progenitor scores" based on chromatin accessibility well stratified the disease status and correlated with prognosis. These results highlight that the chromatin properties of MDS stem cells define the cell-autonomous behavior of MDS and disease progression.

  Study JGAS000718

• Genomic Copy-Number Variants Drive Apoptotic Resistance and Relapses on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

  We investigated the genomic mechanisms underlying acquired resistance (AR) to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) across tumor types, specifically by examining how copy number variant (CNV)-driven subclonal evolution contributes to clinical relapses in melanoma patients. We analyzed longitudinal clinical melanoma samples from patients who experienced relapses on ICI therapy, complemented by isogenic human melanoma cell line models (M486) and murine melanoma tumor systems. Single-cell whole-genome sequencing (scWGS) was employed to resolve subclonal CNV patterns in AR tumors. The scWGS data revealed that AR-dominant subclones systematically deleted pro-apoptotic genes while amplifying anti-apoptotic genes and innate resistance pathway components. Notably, shared and private AR subclonal CNVs preexisted selective pressure, with convergent evolution targeting apoptosis-regulatory pathways and resulting in downregulated apoptotic/mitochondrial priming that enables ICI resistance. scWGS datasets from isogenic human melanoma cell lines, patient-matched tumor samples, and murine melanoma models will be made available through dbGaP, enabling researchers to access high-resolution subclonal CNV profiles that define the genomic landscape of acquired ICI resistance evolution.

  Study phs004102