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• Whole genome sequencing data of pediatric hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  Hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a rare subtype of B-cell ALL characterized by chromosome number < 45 , encompassing near-haploid (24–29 chromosomes) and low-hypodiploid (30–39 chromosomes) subgroups. These subgroups display distinct genetic landscapes, including Ras and receptor tyrosine kinase pathway alterations in near-haploid ALL, and frequent IKZF2, RB1, and germline TP53 alterations in low-hypodiploid ALL. Clinically, hypodiploid ALL is associated with dismal prognosis, with 5-year overall survival rates often between 50-70% in children and markedly worse in adults. Despite advances in risk stratification and MRD-guided therapy, allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains the current standard recommendation for affected patients.

  Study EGAS50000001305

• Development of Novel Histiocytic Sarcoma Organoid Model for Drug Discovery

  Histiocytic sarcoma is an extremely rare and aggressive hematopoietic malignancy. Its pathogenesis remains poorly understood and effective treatments are lacking. We treated a patient with histiocytic sarcoma of soft tissue in Osaka International Cancer Institute and established an organoid culture from a resected tumor specimen using a modified air���liquid interface method. After serial passaging, the organoid was successfully xenografted into NOD-scid IL2Rgnull (NSG) mice. The established organoid retained key histological features and genetic characteristics of the original tumor. This organoid model offers a novel and reliable platform for studying the biology of histiocytic sarcoma and may contribute to the development of future therapeutic strategies.

  Study JGAS000807

• Single-cell study of 14 childhood medulloblastoma patients

  Medulloblastoma intra-tumoural genetic heterogeneity and clonal evolution, and their role in disease pathogenesis and clinical behaviour, are poorly understood. We used single-cell whole-genome sequencing (sc-WGS) to reconstruct the natural history and temporal evolution of 14 medulloblastomas, representing its major clinico-molecular sub-classes. We identified wholly-clonal tumours which displayed single-clone expansion (i.e. linear evolution); all were observed in favourable-outcome sub-classes (i.e. MBWNT and infant MBSHH). In contrast, remaining tumours harboured sub-clonal structures which displayed punctuated or gradual trajectories; highest-risk sub-classes, typically characterised by MYC-amplification (MBGroup3) or TP53-mutation (MBSHH), and linked to genomic instability and LCA pathology, were most clonally-diverse. Clinically-adopted biomarkers were typically early-clonal/initiating events, representing exploitable targets for early-disease detection; in analyses of spatially-distinct tumour regions, a single biopsy was sufficient to assess their status. sc-WGS revealed events not previously appreciated in bulk tumour analysis, which arose later and/or sub-clonally and more commonly displayed spatial diversity; their clinical significance and role in disease evolution post-diagnosis now require establishment. In summary, our findings reveal diverse modes of tumour initiation and clonal evolution in the major medulloblastoma sub-classes, highlighting their pathogenic relevance and clinical potential.

  Dataset EGAD00001009057

• Feasibility and Clinical Utility of Whole Genome Profiling in Pediatric and Young Adult Cancers

  Comprehensive Whole Genome Sequencing and Whole Transcriptome (RNASeq) analyses from 114 pediatric patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering. This dataset was used as a prospective clinical utility and feasibility study. By using our Isabl infrastructure for precision medicine, we developed a 2-week end-to-end pipeline to analyze cfDNA, WGS and WTS, which we refer to as cWGTS.

  Study phs002620

• Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI): Clonal Evolution During Metastatic Spread in High-Risk Neuroblastoma

  The goal of this study is to deliver a detailed characterization of the patterns of disease dissemination at diagnosis, during progression and in response to therapy in high-risk neuroblastoma. Longitudinal and spatially distinct tumors were collected from patients. Clinical data includes diagnosis and treatment information. Biospecimen data includes whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS).

  Study phs003111

• SARS-CoV-2 induced alterations of the upper airway DNA methylome exert long-term impacts on ciliary genes involved in ciliary function

  Enzymatic DNA methylome (n=33) and single-cell RNA (n=24) sequencing were performed in nasal cells of COVID-19 patients and controls. In addition, we re-sampled a subset of patients for transcriptome analyses at 3 and 12 months post-infection and followed the expression of differentially regulated genes over time.

  Study EGAS50000000273

• Redefined indel taxonomy reveals insights into mutational signatures

  Despite their deleterious effects, small insertions and deletions (indels) have received far less attention than substitutions. Here we generated isogenic CRISPR-edited human cellular models of post-replicative repair dysfunction (PRRd), including individual and combined gene-edits of mismatch repair (MMR) and replicative polymerases (POLE and POLD1), enabling the study of mutational processes driving indel formation.

  Study EGAS50000000148

• Sequence data to study genomic CNVs that drive apoptotic resistance and relapses on immune checkpoint inhibitors

  The dataset consists of bulk whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from baseline and disease-progressed tumors after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment, derived from patients, human cell lines, and mouse models. Whole exome sequencing includes 17 clinical cases and one human cell line model with parental and acquired resistant cell lines (n = 5). Whole genome sequencing encompasses the YUMMER mouse model, including vehicle-treated controls (n = 2) and acquired resistant tumors (n = 3). The sequence reads have been aligned to hg19 and mm9 reference genomes, with mapped files (BAM) made available for analysis.

  Dataset EGAD50000001537

• Targeted pancancer RNA-Seq

  This dataset contains targeted RNA-Seq generated with the Illumina RNA Pan-Cancer panel. It comprises 2200 cancers from children and adults. The cancers represent a wide range of CNS, solid and haematopoeitic tumours. Samples are from pathology specimens including FFPE, fresh frozen, bone marrow aspirate and peripheral blood.The data is used for tumour driver identification. SNVs, indels and fusion detection.

  Study EGAS50000000700

• Ultra-fast multiplex small DNA sequencing on the MinION nanopore sequencing platform

  Here, we developed an ultra-rapid multiplexed library preparation and sequencing method for the MinION and applied this method to accurately test euploid and aneuploid genomic DNA samples in under three hours, including library preparation and sequencing. This novel method shows great promise as a clinical diagnostic test for applications requiring rapid short-read DNA sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001002650