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• White blood cell and cell-free DNA analyses for detection of residual disease in gastric cancer

  Liquid biopsies are providing new opportunities for detection of residual disease in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) after surgery but may be confounded through identification of alterations arising from clonal hematopoiesis. Here, we identify circulating tumor-derived DNA alterations (ctDNA) through ultrasensitive targeted sequencing analyses of matched cfDNA and white blood cells from the same patient. We apply this approach to analyze samples from patients in the CRITICS trial, a phase III randomized controlled study of perioperative chemotherapy in patients with operable gastric cancer. After filtering alterations derived from matched white-blood cells, the presence of ctDNA predicts recurrence when analyzed within nine weeks after preoperative treatment and after surgery in patients eligible for multimodal treatment. These analyses provide a facile method for distinguishing ctDNA from other cfDNA alterations and highlight the utility of ctDNA as a predictive biomarker of patient outcome to perioperative cancer therapy and surgical resection in patients with gastric cancer.

  Study EGAS00001004114

• The Human Phenotype Project (HPP) is a large-scale deep-phenotype prospective longitudinal and ethnically diverse cohort

  The Human Phenotype Project (HPP) is a large-scale deep-phenotype prospective longitudinal and ethnically diverse cohort and biobank that we established. To date, approximately 28,000 participants have enrolled in the study, with over 13,000 having completed their initial visit. The project is aimed at identifying novel molecular signatures with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value, and at developing AI-based predictive models for disease onset and progression. A unique feature of the HPP is its deep and longitudinal profiling that includes medical history, lifestyle and nutritional habits, vital signs, anthropometrics, blood tests, continuous glucose and sleep monitoring, imaging modalities and molecular profiling of the transcriptome, genetics, gut, vaginal and oral microbiome, metabolome and immune system. For several of these modalities, the HPP is the first or largest cohort of its kind. Our analyses of this data provide novel insights into the variation of phenotypes with age and ethnicity, highlighting the importance of having ethnically diverse cohorts and the need for establishing age-dependent norms. We demonstrate how the HPP can be used to unravel personalized molecular signatures of disease by comparison to patient-specific and disease-specific matched healthy controls. Leveraging the extensive dietary and lifestyle HPP data, we systematically identify associations between lifestyle factors and health outcomes. Finally, we present a multi-modal foundation AI model that is trained using self-supervised learning on diet and CGM data and outperforms existing methods in predicting future onset of disease. We extend this AI framework to integrate all data modalities of each subject as a continuous sequence of diverse medical events, creating a digital twin that can simulate interventions and predict health trajectories and outcomes.

  Study EGAS00001008040

• Enabling sensitive and precise detection of ctDNA through somatic copy number aberrations in breast cancer

  Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from peripheral blood has emerged as a crucial biomarker source in oncology research. To enhance the detection of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), we developed eSENSES, a 2Mb breast cancer-targeted NGS panel. It includes 15,000 genome-wide SNPs, 500 focal SNPs in breast cancer driver regions, and exons from 81 commonly altered genes, alongside a custom computational approach. eSENSES provides a reliable, powerful and cost-effective tool for monitoring disease progression and guiding therapeutic decisions in breast cancer patients.

  Study EGAS50000000793

• Copy number profiling of circulating cell-free DNA from high grade serous ovarian cancer patients

  Study EGAS00001004670

• A Somatic Reference Standard for Cancer Genome Sequencing

  In this study, we separately performed PCR-free whole genome sequencing on the paired tumor/normal melanoma COLO-829 and lymphoblastoid COLO-829BL cell lines across three separate institutions (TGen, Illumina, Genome Sciences Centre at the British Columbia Cancer Agency). We performed a meta-analysis of all data, in combination with the originally reported analysis of these cell lines by Pleasance et al., and report a somatic reference standard based on consensus events. This standard can be used as a reference for tumor/normal whole genome analyses.

  Study phs000932

• Genome-wide NanoRCS of cfDNA from plasma of healthy individuals

  Levels of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in liquid biopsies may serve as a sensitive biomarker for real-time, minimally-invasive tumor diagnostics and monitoring. However, detecting ctDNA is challenging, as much fewer than 5% of the cell-free DNA in the blood typically originates from the tumor. To detect lowly abundant molecules, extremely sensitive sequencing methods are required. We adapted a new technique, NanoRCS, which is based on Oxford Nanopore sequencing of concatenated copies of a single DNA molecule for genome-wide sequencing, and applied this to plasma of healthy controls.

  Study EGAS50000000695

• A prospective multicenter study of plasma ctDNA versus archival tumor tissue to guide FGFR-targeted therapy in metastatic urothelial cancer - Targeted

  Targeted sequencing data related to the publication titled "A prospective multicenter study of plasma ctDNA versus archival tumor tissue to guide FGFR-targeted therapy in metastatic urothelial cancer." FGFR alterations, seen in up to 25% of metastatic urothelial carcinoma, can be exploited with targeted therapy. Here, we perform targeted sequencing of cell-free DNA, archival FFPE, and white blood cell DNA to compare ctDNA versus tissue for FGFR biomarker status and monitor temporal changes to FGFR over the disease course, specifically after progressing on targeted therapy.

  Study EGAS50000001450

• ctDNA Quantification in Blood Plasma Using Deep Learning Based Fragle Tool

  The project aims to develop an easy to use software named Fragle that can quantify ctDNA in blood plasma. This can help in cancer screening and progress monitoring from simple blood test without any need for tumor biopsy. We aim to make Fragle usable for both low pass whole genome sequencing and targeted sequencing data of cell free DNA. Fragle can work directly on the raw bam files mapped to hg19/GRCh37. We are uploading the bam files used in this study for Fragle evaluation.

  Study EGAS50000000122

• Oral Immunotherapy for Induction of Tolerance and Desensitization in Peanut-Allergic Children (IMPACT)

  Brief Summary:This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center study comparing peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) to placebo in the induction of tolerance and desensitization in peanut-allergic children. Eligible participants with peanut allergy will be randomly assigned to receive either peanut OIT or placebo for 134 weeks followed by peanut avoidance for 26 weeks.Detailed Description:An initial oral food challenge (OFC) to 1 g of peanut flour (500 mg peanut protein) will be conducted. Participants must have a clinical reaction during this OFC to initiate study dosing. After the initial OFC, the study design includes four phases:Initial dose escalation (1 day): Peanut or placebo dosing will be given incrementally and increase every 20 minutes until a dose of 12 mg peanut flour (6 mg peanut protein) or placebo flour is given. Build-up (30 weeks): Initial observed dose administration of highest tolerated dose, followed by daily OIT at home with return visit every 2 weeks for dose escalation. Maintenance (104 weeks):The participant will continue on daily OIT with return visits every 13 weeks. At the end of this phase the participant will undergo a blinded OFC to 10 g peanut flour (5 g peanut protein). Avoidance (26 weeks): In this final phase participants will be seen every 13 weeks. At the completion of this phase participants will have a final blinded OFC to 10g peanut flour (5 g peanut protein)

  Study phs003109

• Genome-wide cell-free DNA termini in patients with cancer

  The structure, fragmentation patterns and terminal sequences of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are altered by nucleases and biological mechanisms in the blood of cancer patients. The cfDNA fragment-end composition recovered from low coverage WGS (<1 fold coverage) using a bespoke software (FrEIA) is aberrant in the plasma from cancer patient (n = 418, 655 samples) compared to controls (n = 117). As a standalone test FrEIA allows detection down to ~0.2% tumor fraction in vitro and in silico at 95% specificity, leading to a sensitivity of ~71% for detecting lung cancer (14/22 stage I-II, 27/38 stage III, 92/127 stage IV) and ~68% for detecting esophageal adenocarcinoma (26/44 stage II, 46/62 stage III). Additional cfDNA biological patterns can be combined with FrEIA increasing the diagnostic potential of low coverage WGS at minimal cost (mean AUROC = 0.96). Integrating multiple cfDNA biological signal augments the diagnostic performance of liquid biopsy.

  Study EGAS00001006142