3331 results for "ovarian cancer"

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• cfDNA dataset from extracelular vesicles and paired non-fractionated samples

  Liquid biopsies contain multiple analytes that can be mined to improve the detection and management of cancer. Beyond cell-free DNA (cfDNA), mutations have been detected in DNA associated with extracellular vesicles (EV-DNA). The genome-wide composition and structure of EV-DNA remains poorly characterized, and whether circulating EVs are enriched in tumor signal compared to unfractionated cfDNA is still unclear. Here, using whole genome sequencing from selected lung cancer patients with a relatively high cfDNA tumor content >5%, we determined that the tumor fraction and heterogeneity are comparable between DNA associated with small (<200 nm) EVs and matched plasma cfDNA. DNA in EV fractions, obtained with standardized size-exclusion chromatography, are comprised of short ~150-180 bp fragments and long >1000 bp fragments that are poor in tumor signal. Other fractions only exhibit short fragments with similar tumor DNA content. The composition in bases at the end of EV-DNA fragments, as well as their fragmentation patterns are similar to total plasma cfDNA. Mitochondrial DNA however is relatively enriched in EV fractions. Our results suggests that cfDNA in plasma may be of dual nature, either bound to proteins (including the nucleosome) but also associated to EVs. cfDNA associated to small EV (including exosomes) is however not preferentially enriched in tumor signal.

  Study EGAS00001006848

• Genomics from LCCC1525: A Priming Dose of Cyclophosphamide Prior to Pembrolizumab to Treat mTNBC

  This phase II, single-arm, multicenter study will evaluate pembrolizumab therapy, 200 mg IV, given every 3 weeks (Q3W), following a single priming dose of cyclophosphamide, 300 mg/m2 IV, in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who have received at least one prior line of therapy. Data uploaded consists of FASTQ sequencing data from tumor RNASeq (pre-pembrolizumab), tumor and normal tissue WES, and sequencing for targeted T and B cell chains (TRB, IGK, IGL, IGH) from peripheral blood at various timepoints: pre-, post-, and during pembrolizumab therapy.

  Study phs002659

• Targeted Long-Read Sequencing of the Ewing Sarcoma 6p25.1 Susceptibility Locus

  Ewing Sarcoma (EwS) is rare but the second most common cancer in children, adolescents and young adults. Recent studies suggest germline variation in or around GGAA microsatellites may interact with fusion oncoprotein binding causing changes in binding affinity and potentially impacting enhancer activity on nearby target genes. This study aims to better understand germline variation around EwS susceptibility regions by performing long-range haplotype sequencing of these regions using PacBio sequencing. Our analysis focused on characterizing variation in GGAA microsatellite length as well as germline variants in or around the microsatellite and their association with EwS risk.

  Study phs003159

• Merkel Cell Carcinoma Tissue and Data Repository

  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer with increasing incidence in the United States. In this study we performed the first whole genome sequencing of three Merkel cell carcinomas with their matched normal tissues for somatic variant calling. From these data we describe the likely mechanism of Merkel cell polyomavirus integration and focal host genomic amplifications in two tumors and the dominance of UV-mediated mutagenesis in a virus-negative tumor. We also performed poly-A RNA sequencing on a total of six Merkel cell carcinomas to address expression differences between virus-positive and virus-negative MCC.

  Study phs002189

• FinaleMe: Predicting DNA Methylation by the Fragmentation Patterns of Plasma Cell-Free DNA

  Analysis of DNA methylation in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) reveals clinically relevant biomarkers but requires specialized protocols and sufficient input material that limits its applicability. Millions of cfDNA samples have been profiled by genomic sequencing. To maximize the gene regulation information from existing datasets, we developed FinaleMe, a non-homogeneous Hidden Markov Model (HMM), to predict DNA methylation of cfDNA and, therefore, tissues of origin directly from plasma whole genome sequencing (WGS). We validated the performance with 80 pairs of deep and shallow coverage WGS and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data from both cancer patients and healthy controls.

  Study phs003287

• Divergent WNT Signaling and Drug Sensitivity Profiles within Hepatoblastoma Tumors and Organoids

  Hepatoblastoma, the most prevalent pediatric liver cancer, almost always carries a WNT-activating CTNNB1 mutation, yet exhibits notable molecular heterogeneity. To characterize this heterogeneity and identify novel targeted therapies, we perform comprehensive analysis of hepatoblastomas and tumor-derived organoids using single-cell RNA-seq/ATAC-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and high-throughput drug profiling. We identify two distinct tumor epithelial signatures: hepatic ‘fetal’ and WNT-high ‘embryonal’, displaying divergent WNT signaling patterns. The fetal group is enriched for liver-specific WNT targets, while the embryonal group is enriched in canonical WNT target genes.

  Study EGAS50000000561

• A non-canonical lymphoblast in refractory childhood T-cell leukaemia

  Refractory cancers may arise either through the acquisition of resistance mechanisms by cancer cells or represent distinct diseases. The origin of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) that does not respond to initial treatment, i.e. refractory disease, is unknown. Refractory T-ALL carries a poor prognosis and cannot be predicted at diagnosis. Here, we performed single cell mRNA sequencing of T-ALL from children who did or did not respond to initial treatment. We identified a transcriptionally distinctive blast population, exhibiting features of innate-like lymphocytes, as the major source of refractory disease.

  Study EGAS50000000767

• Whole exome sequencing of uterine adenomyosis

  Uterine adenomyosis, defined by proliferation of the ectopic endometrial glands in myometrium, is a common benign uterine disorder that significantly impairs the quality of life of the women it affects. Adenomyosis lesions have chronic inflammatory reactions as well as cancer-like features such as invasive capacity into the normal myometrium. In contrast to endometriosis and leiomyoma, the genomic characterization of adenomyosis has yet to be reported. We conducted high-coverage whole exome sequencing analyses of freshly frozen adenomyosis samples, as well as co-occurring leiomyoma. Our WES analyses showed that adenomyosis is a clonal disorder with somatic mutations.

  Study JGAS000169

• Linking genes, genomic instability and molecular subgroups in medulloblastoma

  Brain tumors are the second most common pediatric cancer and carry the highest mortality rates in this age group. Medulloblastoma is the most frequent malignant brain tumor of childhood. Recent studies indicate that medulloblastoma comprises at least four sub-entities (SHH-signaling, WNT-signaling, Group-C, Group-D) that differ in molecular alterations, cell of origin, clinicopathological features and outcome. Further characterization of the entire spectrum of genomic alterations underlying the formation of these distinct groups is urgently needed to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for clinical management and uncover novel therapeutic targets.

  Study EGAS00001000085

• Genetic landscape of pediatric Infant Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia

  We performed whole genome sequencing of tumor and normal DNA samples obtained from 22 infant ALL cases with MLL rearrangements. In addition, we sequenced 2 paired diagnostic-relapse samples. Using complementary pipelines, somatically acquired genetic changes were analyzed, including single nucleotide variations (SNVs), insertion/deletions, structural variations and copy number variations in the cancer genomes. In addition, exome sequencing was performed on paired diagnostic and normal DNA samples obtained from 20 cases of non-infant MLL rearranged leukemias and somatic mutations in the coding regions were identified.

  Study EGAS00001000246