3423 results for "ovarian cancer"

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• Multi-Modal Single-Cell, Spatial, and Genomic Analyses of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastases

  We performed single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) with matched T cell receptor sequencing (TCR-seq), and pool matched low pass whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 12 treatment-naive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) primary tumors (PTs) and 31 treatment-naive NSCLC brain metastases (BMs). In total, we recovered 277,206 cell transcriptomes in 43 samples. Single-nuclei suspension from frozen NSCLC metastases were generated using methods published in Slyper et al. (Nature Medicine, 2020, PMID:32405060) with modifications. The tissue was first cut in 20 µm sections using a cryostat and stored on dry ice until the next step. Then the tissue was put on wet ice and washed once with 5 ml PBS to remove OCT. After this step nuclei were extracted by vigorous pipetting in salt-tris buffer with Tween-20 (TST) followed by a high-volume wash in salt-tris buffer (ST). Nuclei were counted and 10,000-14,000 and were loaded using a Chromium controller (10X genomics) and Chromium Single Cell 5' Reagents (V1.1 and V2). Complementary DNA libraries were generated according to manufacturer's instructions, with the modification of one additional cycle of amplification. Matched single nuclei T cell receptor (snTCR) sequencing libraries were prepared from amplified cDNA libraries using either Chromium Single Cell V(D)J Enrichment Kit for human T cells Reagent Kit, v1.1, or single cell human TCR amplification kit. Final snTCR sequencing libraries were prepared using Single Index Kit T Set A for V1.1 libraries or Library construction kit and Dual Index Kit TT set A for V2 libraries. Sequencing libraries were quantified using Tapestation D5000 reagents and a 2200 TapeStation and pooled for sequencing. Pool matched low pass whole-genome sequencing (lp-WGS) was performed in addition to snRNA-seq to improve the identification of the malignant and non-malignant cell compartments. Nuclei from snRNA-seq sample preparations were collected by centrifugation (500g, 5 min), snap frozen after removing excess ST buffer, and stored at -200C until further processing. If insufficient nuclei (0C for 9 minutes. Adapters were not diluted, and the optional PCR (5 cycles) and cleanup were performed. After library cleanup with AMPure beads (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA), libraries were quantified with Tapestation D5000 HS tapes (Agilent) and stored at -200C until sequencing.Using multiplexed immunofluorescence in an independent cohort of treatment-naïve pairs of primary tumors and brain metastases from the same patients with NSCLC, we validated genomic and tumor-microenvironmental findings and identified a cancer cell population characterized by neural features that strongly enriched in brain metastases. This comprehensive analysis provides insights into human NSCLC brain metastasis biology and serves as an important resource for additional discovery.

  Study phs003865

• Next generation sequencing of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma samples to identify recurrent mutations, variations, and expression patterns to define novel therapies

  Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an extremely rare (~350 cases/year) and universally fatal childhood brain cancer. Standard clinical strategies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy show only transient improvement in patient condition and result in negligible change in survival, DIPG remains at below 1% survival after 5 years. Prioritization of panobinostat through previous cooperative work resulted in a phase 1 clinical trial. Nonetheless, new therapies for DIPG must be identified to further dramatically change the statistics for DIPG. To identify novel therapy strategies for DIPG, we performed whole exome(16 new samples, 22 previously published samples, 38 in total with 26 matched normal) and RNA deep sequencing (17 new samples, 11 previously published samples) on a cohort of new patient samples. Sequencing results aid in the identification of recurrent mutations/variations and endotypic expression profiling to identify new therapeutic and treatment strategies for DIPG.

  Study phs001526

• GeneScreen, a Population Based, Targeted Genomic Screening Study

  The GeneScreen research study was based at the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill. It brought together researchers from different disciplines, including genetics, clinical medicine, bioethics, sociology, anthropology, psychology, and public health, to study the best ways to offer targeted genetic screening to the general adult population. DNA samples were collected from people who joined GeneScreen to look at a targeted panel of 17 genes. It tested for genetic differences (called mutations) that can cause one of 11 rare, but preventable or treatable conditions, including certain types of cancer and heart disease. Each condition has specific medical advice people can follow with their doctors to prevent or treat a serious health problem. The GeneScreen study was approved by the UNC Institutional Review Board and by the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research Institutional Review Board. GeneScreen is funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health.

  Study phs001817

• Integrated Single-Cell Genetic and Transcriptional Analysis Suggests Novel Drivers of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

  Intratumoral genetic heterogeneity has been characterized across cancers by genome sequencing of bulk tumors, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In order to more accurately identify subclones, define phylogenetic relationships, and probe genotype-phenotype relationships, we developed methods for targeted mutation detection in DNA and RNA isolated from thousands of single cells from five CLL samples. By clearly resolving phylogenic relationships, we uncovered mutated LCP1 and WNK1 as novel CLL drivers, supported by functional evidence demonstrating their impact on CLL pathways. Integrative analysis of somatic mutations with transcriptional states prompts the idea that convergent evolution generates phenotypically similar cells in distinct genetic branches, thus creating a cohesive expression profile in each CLL sample despite the presence of genetic heterogeneity. Our study highlights the potential for single-cell RNA-based targeted analysis to sensitively determine transcriptional and mutational profiles of individual cancer cells leading to increased understanding of driving events in malignancy. Reprinted from Genome Research, with permission from Publisher.

  Study phs001372

• A Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) of Risk for Osteosarcoma

  This is a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone malignancy. Osteosarcoma typically occurs in adolescents and young adults. It occurs at increased frequency in several inherited cancer predisposition syndromes but the genetic contribution to sporadic osteosarcoma is largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to identify genetic risk factors for osteosarcoma by conducting a genome-wide association study. We developed collaborations with multiple institutions in order to attain the necessary sample size required to discover novel loci in the genome associated with osteosarcoma using the GWAS approach. Genomic DNA (either blood or buccal in source) derived from osteosarcoma cases was obtained from each participating institution or research group. De-identified blood or buccal cell DNA samples from osteosarcoma cases were derived from existing biobanks at the collaborative institutions. Control subjects were derived from existing NCI cohorts and matched by gender and ethnicity.

  Study phs000734

• Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Tumor Purity Assessment from Whole Exome Sequencing Data

  As molecular medicine wields greater and greater influence on cancer patient care, including therapeutic selection, it becomes increasingly important to understand the power and deficiencies of computational tools used in decision making processes. Here we use a set of unselected metastatic colorectal tumor samples in a head-to-head comparison between the calculation of stromal content by a board certified pathologist, versus that derived from whole exome sequencing and purity assessment by a variety of common computational methods. We find that in about 1/2 of the samples the computational methods each do a poor job of assessing the percent stromal contamination, and as a result, tumor variant allele frequencies (VAFs) are low or undetected, whereas analysis of organoids derived from the same tumors yielded much higher VAFs in keeping with their lower stromal content. The whole exome sequence of our samples is available via dbGaP, accession phs003059.v1.p1.

  Study phs003059

• Integrative Age-Related Changes in Genome and Epigenome in Human Lung in Relation to Smoking

  The Integrative Age-Related Changes in Genome and Epigenome in Human Lung in Relation to Smoking study was designed to assess DNA methylation and gene expression profiles in cytologically normal bronchial progenitor "basal" cells. The cells were collected from 54 consented bronchoscopy specimen donors at standard airway locations during clinically indicated bronchoscopy, and then outgrown in primary cultures. DNA methylation profiles were assessed using Enzymatic-Methyl sequencing (EM-seq: 96% genomic coverage, 7.5x depth) in all 54 donors' samples. The gene expression profile was evaluated by bulk RNA-Seq in 39 donors' samples. The study participants were at the ages of 33 - 81 years old at enrollment. Of the 54 donors, 31 were newly diagnosed with lung cancer. As for tobacco smoke exposure, there were 19 current, 18, former, and 17 never smokers. There are 26 subjects whose specimens were used for single cell whole-genome sequencing study phs002758.

  Study phs003317

• Genomic Profiling of Melanoma

  This study reports on genomic profiling [whole-exome sequencing (WXS), bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and/or single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)] of patient-derived melanoma samples and matched normal samples. The goal is to elucidate the genetic and cellular basis of sun-exposed and sun-shielded melanomas and to relate these findings to survival and regional metastasis. Specimens were collected by the Tissue Resource Core of the Yale SPORE in Skin Cancer with participants' informed signed consent according to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations with a Human Investigative Committee protocol. The melanomas used for sequencing were from fresh or snap-frozen tumors, or from short-term cell cultures. The cell cultures were routinely checked for mycoplasma contamination and were discarded when found positive. Matching normal DNA was from circulating lymphocytes or normal skin. We also include 77 WES-sequenced samples from the Yale Spitzoid neoplasm repository, which collects specimen and data according to a protocol approved by the Yale Human Investigative Committee.

  Study phs000933

• Structure of the Mucosal and Stool Microbiome in Lynch Syndrome

  The gut microbiota has been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), but causal alterations preceding CRC have not been elucidated. To prospectively assess microbiome changes prior to colorectal neoplasia, we investigated samples from 100 Lynch syndrome patients using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of colon biopsies, coupled with metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing of feces. Colectomy and CRC history represented the largest effects on microbiome profiles. A subset of Clostridiaceae were depleted in stool corresponding with baseline adenomas, while Desulfovibrio was enriched in both stool and mucosal biopsies. A classifier leveraging stool metatranscriptomes resulted in modest power to predict interval development of preneoplastic colonic adenoma. Predictive transcripts corresponded with a shift in flagellin contributors and oxidative metabolic microenvironment, potentially factors in local CRC pathogenesis. This suggests that the effectiveness of prospective microbiome monitoring for adenomas may be limited but supports the potential causality of these consistent, early microbial changes in colonic neoplasia.

  Study phs002343

• Ipilimumab and Decitabine in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Acute Myeloid Leukemia

  The NCI Experimental Therapeutics Clinical Trials Network (ETCTN)/Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) 10026 study (NCT02890329) tested combined ipilimumab and decitabine treatment in two cohorts: Arm A consisted of patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Arm B consisted of patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or AML that did not previously undergo stem cell transplantation. During the study, peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were obtained from study participants at study entry (screening), following the first lead-in cycle of decitabine monotherapy, during combined treatment with decitabine and ipilimumab, and at the end of treatment.This study tested the combination of the CTLA-4 blocking antibody ipilimumab and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine in advanced myeloid disease in the transplant-naive and post-transplant context. The samples were used for bulk and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) as well as whole exome sequencing (WES).

  Study phs003015