16850 results for "sec+and+unspecified+malignant+neoplasm"

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• RRBS sequencing of 7 tumour regions and a normal sample from a single TRACERx patient.

  Background: Epigenetic heterogeneity within a tumour can play an important role in tumour evolution and the emergence of resistance to treatment. It is increasingly recognised that the study of DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns along the genome - so-called `epialleles' - offers greater insight into epigenetic dynamics than conventional analyses which examine DNAm marks individually. Results: We have developed a Bayesian model to infer which epialleles are present in multiple regions of the same tumour. We apply our method to reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) data from multiple regions of one lung cancer tumour and a matched normal sample. The model borrows information from all tumour regions to leverage greater statistical power. The total number of epialleles, the epiallele DNAm patterns, and a noise hyperparameter are all automatically inferred from the data. Uncertainty as to which epiallele an observed sequencing read originated from is explicitly incorporated by marginalising over the appropriate posterior densities. The degree to which tumour samples are contaminated with normal tissue can be estimated and corrected for. By tracing the distribution of epialleles throughout the tumour we can infer the phylogenetic history of the tumour, identify epialleles that differ between normal and cancer tissue, and define a measure of global epigenetic disorder. Conclusions: Detection and comparison of epialleles within multiple tumour regions enables phylogenetic analyses, identification of differentially expressed epialleles, and provides a measure of epigenetic heterogeneity.

  Study EGAS00001002484

• Transcriptomic profiles of chronic lymphocytic leukemia before and after frontline therapy: 5-year results from the randomized CLL14 study

  CLL14 (NCT02242942) is a multinational, open-label Phase III study designed to compare venetoclax-obinutuzumab (Ven-Obi) versus chlorambucil-obinutuzumab (Clb-Obi) in previously untreated patients with CLL and co-existing conditions. Between Aug 7, 2015, and Aug 4, 2016, 432 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either venetoclax plus obinutuzumab (Ven-Obi, n=216) or chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab (Clb-Obi, n=216). In both study arms, patients received fixed-duration treatment of overall 12 cycles, each cycle 28 days long, and entered subsequent post-treatment surveillance. Peripheral blood samples were collected before the start of therapy, as well as every 3-6 months during and after therapy, including at the time of disease progression. The primary endpoint of the study was progression-free survival, secondary endpoints included overall response rate, minimal residual disease response, and overall survival. The primary read-out was conducted after a median follow-up of 28.1 months, when the primary endpoint was met with 30 primary end-point events (disease progression or death) in the Ven-Obi arm and 77 in the Clb-Obi arm (hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23 to 0.53;P<0.001). Follow-up is ongoing until 9 years after the last patient enrollment. In an exploratory analysis, bulk RNAseq was conducted with CD19-enriched blood from patients before start of therapy (418 patients) and at first relapse (44 patients).

  Study EGAS00001006596

• A Dose Escalation Study of Efmarodocokin Alfa (UTTR1147A) in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

  Background: The interleukin-22 cytokine (IL-22) has demonstrated efficacy in nonclinical colitis models with a non-immunosuppressive mechanism-of-action. Efmarodocokin alfa (UTTR1147A) is a fusion protein agonist that links IL-22 to the crystallizable fragment (Fc) of human immunoglobulin (IgG4) for improved pharmacokinetic characteristics, but with a mutation to minimize Fc effector functions. Methods: This randomized, phase 1b study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of repeat intravenous dosing of efmarodocokin alfa in healthy volunteers (HVs; n=32) and patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; n=24) at 30–90 µg/kg doses given biweekly (Q2W) or monthly (Q4W) (6:2 active:placebo per cohort). Results: The most common adverse events (AEs) were on-target dermatological effects (dry skin, erythema, and pruritus) that were reversible. Dose-limiting non-serious dermatological AEs (severe dry skin, erythema, exfoliation, and discomfort) were seen in two HVs and one patient at 90 ug/kg Q2W. Pharmacokinetics were generally dose-proportional across the dose levels tested, but patients demonstrated lower drug exposures relative to HVs at the same dose. IL-22 serum biomarkers and IL-22 responsive genes in colon biopsies were induced with active treatment. Patients demonstrated changes in microbiota composition following active treatment, thereby reversing baseline dysbiosis. Clinical response was observed in 7/18 active- and 1/6 placebo-treated patients; clinical remission was observed in 5/18 active- and 0/6 placebo-treated patients.

  Study EGAS00001006172

• A Single Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Neocortical Development

  Defining the number, proportion, or lineage of distinct cell types in the developing human brain is an important goal of modern brain research. We produced single cell transcriptomic profiles for 40,000 cells at mid-gestation to define deep expression profiles corresponding to all known major cell types at this developmental period and compare this with bulk tissue profiles. We identified multiple transcription factors (TFs) and co-factors expressed in specific cell types, including multiple new cell-type-specific relationships, providing an unprecedented resource for understanding human neocortical development and evolution. This includes the first single-cell characterization of human subplate neurons and subtypes of developing glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. We also used these data to deconvolute single cell regulatory networks that connect regulatory elements and transcriptional drivers to single cell gene expression programs in the developing CNS. We characterized major developmental trajectories that tie cell cycle progression with early cell fate decisions during early neurogenesis. Remarkably, we found that differentiation occurs on a transcriptomic continuum, so that differentiating cells not only express the few key TFs that drive cell fates, but express broad, mixed cell-type transcriptomes prior to telophase. Finally, we mapped neuropsychiatric disease genes to specific cell types, implicating dysregulation of specific cell types in ASD, ID, and epilepsy, as the mechanistic underpinnings of several neurodevelopmental disorders. Together these results provide an extensive catalog of cell types in human neocortex and extend our understanding of early cortical development, human brain evolution and the cellular basis of neuropsychiatric disease.

  Study phs001836

• International Verapamil SR/Trandolapril [INVEST] Genes Study

  INternational VErapamil SR-Trandolapril STudy (INVEST) was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-clinical trial that evaluated blood pressure response and adverse outcomes in patients randomized to either an atenolol-based or a verapamil SR-based hypertension treatment strategy in 22,576 patients with documented coronary artery disease and hypertension (PMID: 9809930,14657064). Hydrochlorothiazide and trandolapril were added as needed to achieve BP control or end organ protection in a protocol-defined manner. Briefly, the protocol required patients to be followed up at bassline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks and then every 6 months thereafter until 2 years after the last patient was enrolled. At each visit, patients had BP and heart rate measured, clinical assessment performed, and additional antihypertensive medications added as needed to meet JNC VI blood pressure goals. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), or nonfatal stroke (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00133692). The genetic substudy of INVEST, INVEST-GENES, collected genomic DNA samples from 5,979 INVEST study participants. INVEST-GENES samples were genotyped on the Illumina OmniExpressExome GWAS chip. This data release includes 1529 samples that passed quality control including 657 whites, 537 Hispanics and 155 blacks. Two case-control subsets were created: one for the primary outcome of all-cause death, nonfatal MI or nonfatal stroke; the other one is for new-onset diabetes. Resistant hypertension was also evaluated in 1349 participants based on the medication use and blood pressure measurements at the visit prior to experiencing study outcomes or censoring (PMID:30237584).

  Study phs002319

• Role of Tobacco Smoke in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

  Background. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histologically defined renal cancer. However, it is not a uniform disease and includes several genetic subtypes with different prognoses. ccRCC is also characterized by distinguished metabolic reprogramming. Tobacco smoking (TS) is an established risk factor for ccRCC with unknown effects on tumor pathobiology.Methods. We investigated the landscape of ccRCCs and paired normal kidney tissues (NKTs) using integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic and metallomic approaches in a cohort of never smokers (NS) and long-term current smokers (LTS) Caucasian males. Results. All three Omics domains consistently identified a distinct metabolic subtype of ccRCCs in LTS, characterized by activation of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) coupled with reprogramming of the malate-aspartate shuttle and metabolism of aspartate, glutamate, glutamine and histidine. Cadmium, copper and inorganic arsenic accumulated in LTS tumors showing redistribution among intracellular pools, including relocation of copper into the cytochrome c oxidase complex. Gene expression signature based on the LTS metabolic subtype provided prognostic stratification of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ccRCC tumors that was independent from genomic alterations.Conclusions. The work identified the TS related metabolic subtype of ccRCC with vulnerabilities that can be exploited for precision medicine approaches targeting metabolic pathways. The results provided rationale for the development of metabolic biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic applications using evaluation of OxPhos status. The metallomic analysis revealed the role of disrupted metal homeostasis in ccRCC highlighting the importance of studying effects of metals from e-cigarettes and environmental exposures.

  Study phs002083

• A Genome-Wide Association Study of Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD)

  Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) is a common disease that results in loss of vision associated with progressive corneal edema and loss of corneal transparency. In the initial stages of the disease, excrescences on Descemet's membrane with the appearance of an abnormal posterior collagenous layer, result in the clinical and pathologic appearance of guttae. Corneal edema ensues as endothelial function is compromised that may result in stromal edema, epithelial edema, and painful bullous keratopathy. Penetrating or endothelial keratoplasty is the only definitive treatment, with palliative care the only option prior to surgery. The pathophysiology underlying FECD, particularly in the common cases that affect older individuals, remains unknown, with a genetic predisposition being reported as the single best predictor of disease. Three independent groups funded by the National Eye Institute (NEI), with well-established programs in the genetics of FECD, conducted a genome-wide association study of FECD. The collaboration comprised investigators from Case Western University (CWRU), Duke University (DUEC), and Johns Hopkins University (JHU). CWRU and DUEC contributed samples that were genotyped at CIDR for the GWAS. Johns Hopkins University (JHU) provided samples for the replication phase of the study, where their data are not listed in dbGaP. Cohorts of FECD cases and controls were assembled. Synchronization of clinical and coded data was performed to unify the information across centers. The family history, clinical, demographic information, and genome-wide genotype data for samples from CWRU and DUEC were deposited in dbGaP.

  Study phs000421

• dbGaP Collection: Open Translational Science in Schizophrenia (OPTICS)

  Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, disabling brain disorder that affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have clearly demonstrated that genetics play a strong role in etiology, but the inheritance is very complex. Innovative analytic approaches and creative ways of combining disparate data sets will be necessary for making breakthroughs in identifying causal pathways and ultimately new drug targets. This dbGaP Collection consists of all genetic studies of schizophrenia available in dbGaP that have been consented for general research use. The goal is to facilitate identification of datasets with related scientific content in order to expedite the application process and ascertainment of datasets of interest for increased scientific discovery. The Open Translational Science in Schizophrenia (OPTICS) Project, was launched by Janssen Research & Development, LLC, part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, with a group of leading research organizations including the National Institutes of Health, Yale University School of Medicine, Rutgers University and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, to create a new forum for collaborative analysis of Janssen's schizophrenia clinical trial data and other publicly available data about schizophrenia with the goal of creating new models for conducting research. The OPTICS project is one part of a larger effort at Janssen and other Johnson & Johnson research companies to share clinical trials data to enhance public health and advance science and medicine. Qualified investigators and physicians may apply for access to anonymized clinical trials data from Janssen, for more information please visit https://sites.google.com/site/opticsschizophrenia/.

  Study phs000887

• Identification of driver oncogenes in scirrhous-type gastric cancer cell lines

  Scirrhous type gastric cancer (SGC) is one of the most intractable cancer subtypes in human, and its therapeutic targets have been rarely identified to date. Exploration of somatic mutations in the SGC genome with the next generation sequencers has been hampered by low tumor contents by the markedly increased fibrous tissues. Thus, SGC cell lines may be useful resources to search for novel oncogenes in. Here we have conducted whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing on two SGC cell lines, OCUM-8 and OCUM-9. Interestingly, most of the mutations thus identified have not been reported. In OCUM-8 cells, a novel CD44-IGF1R fusion gene is discovered, the protein product of which ligates the amino-terminus of CD44 to the transmembrane and the tyrosine-kinase domains of IGF1R. Further, both of CD44 and IGF1R are markedly amplified in the OCUM-8 genome and abundantly expressed. CD44-IGF1R has a transforming ability, and the suppression of its kinase activity leads to rapid cell death of OCUM-8. On the other hand, OCUM-9 seems to possess multiple oncogenic events in its genome. The MET gene is highly amplified, and the treatment of OCUM-9 with crizotinib, a MET inhibitor, results in cell death. Further, a novel BORCS5-ETV6 fusion gene is identified in the OCUM-9 genome. BORCS5-ETV6 possesses oncogenic activity, and suppression of its message partially inhibits cell growth. Prevalence of these novel fusion genes among SGC awaits further investigation, but we validate the significance of cell lines as appropriate reagents for detailed genomic analyses of SGC.

  Study JGAS000179

• PCR-free shallow whole genome sequencing for chromosomal copy number detection from plasma of cancer patients is an efficient alternative to the conventional PCR-based approach

  Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) can be detected in tumor cell-free DNA (cfDNA) by shallow whole genome sequencing (sWGS). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is typically included in library preparations, but a PCR-free method could be an effective alternative for research and diagnostics. Peripheral blood samples (n=22) were collected in EDTA-containing tubes from non-small cell lung cancer patients (n=10) and healthy donors (n=12). PCR and PCR-free library preparations underwent sWGS and the following metrics were compared: mapping quality, proportion of duplicate reads, genome coverage, sequencing read length and copy number profiles. The PCR-free method was further evaluated on archived plasma samples (n=33) of varying pre-analytical quality collected in EDTA or lithium heparin tubes. Archived samples were from acute myeloid leukaemia (n=15) and B-cell lymphoma (n=18) patients. The percentage of unique reads was significantly higher for the 22 samples analysed by PCR-free (95.7%) compared to PCR (84%). PCR-free libraries from 33 archived samples produced data of a comparable quality, with 95.4% unique reads. All other evaluated metrics were highly comparable for PCR and PCR-free library preparations. We conclude that SCNA detection can be performed by PCR-free sWGS on cfDNA from cancer patients and is feasible for diagnostic and archival plasma collected in EDTA- or lithium heparin-containing tubes. Our results pave the way for an automated cfDNA workflow for cancer plasma samples.

  Study EGAS00001004692