Diet driven microbial ecology underpins associations between cancer immunotherapy outcomes and the gut microbiome

This study profiled baseline gut (fecal) microbiota signatures and dietary patterns of 103 trial patients from Australia and the Netherlands treated with neoadjuvant ICIs for high risk resectable metastatic melanoma and performed an integrated analysis with data from 115 patients with melanoma treated with ICIs in the United States. We observed geographically distinct microbial signatures of response and immune-related adverse events. Overall, response rates were higher in Ruminococcaceae-dominated microbiomes than in Bacteroidaceae-dominated microbiomes. Poor response was associated with lower fiber and omega 3 fatty acid consumption and elevated levels of C-reactive protein in the peripheral circulation at baseline.

Type: Other
Archiver: EGA European Genome-Phenome Archive

1 Dataset

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Dataset ID	Description	Technology	Samples
EGAD00001010028	Metagenomics shotgun sequencing was conducted on fecal samples from the Australian patients enrolled in the OpACIN-neo clinical trial (n = 38). Metagenomic shotgun sequencing was performed utilizing the same DNA from the same preparations as for the 16S rRNA gene analysis. Individual libraries were prepared using Nextera XT, and sequencing was performed on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 S1 (2 x 150bp; Xp workflow).	Illumina NovaSeq 6000	38