12389 results for ""statistically+reactive"+taxa+in+microbial+community"

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• Genomic Regions Associated with Susceptibility to Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in African Americans: The Cross BETRNet Admixture Study

  Differences in rates of diseases between different populations with similar environments are presumed to be secondary to variability in population frequencies of disease causing alleles. Recently admixed populations such as African Americans (AAs) provide a natural opportunity to identify disease-causing variants by examining the ancestry of long chromosomal haplotypes. Admixture mapping approach can be successful in locating genes for diseases such as EAC whose rates varies markedly between the ancestral populations. This is a case only study with 54 African American cases and also on a subset of 28 cases with high genotyping quality. We seek to identify chromosome regions that have excess European ancestry and contrasting it to excess African ancestry.

  Study phs001454

• Identification of Recurrent NAB2-STAT6 Gene Fusions in Solitary Fibrous Tumor by Integrative Sequencing

  Transcriptome sequencing of solitary fibrous tumors / hemangiopericytomas from a variety of anatomic sites revealed recurrent gene fusions between two genes, NAB2 and STAT6. All SFTs examined exhibited an in-frame fusion transcript encoding a fusion protein containing the EGR1 interaction domain of NAB2 with the transcriptional activation domain of STAT6. Functional testing of the fusion alleles confirmed the conversion of the wt NAB2 repressor into a transcriptional activator. A range of individual fusion junctions can be detected by next-generation sequencing acro the sample set, highlighting the suitability of this method in the diagnostic characterization of SFTs. This study indentified the pathognomonic alteration in solitary fibrous tumors and illuminates a pathway towards targeted therapeutics for this cancer.

  Study phs000567

• Resistance to Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in South Africa: Immunologic Profiling

  Despite significant exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), some humans remain uninfected, as defined by persistently negative immune sensitization tests (tuberculin skin test, TST; interferon gamma release assays, IGRA). To explore mechanisms of natural resistance to Mtb infection, we profiled tissues from highly-exposed Mtb contacts from South Africa. The cohort in this submission were gold miners in South Africa who had worked in the mining industry ≥ 15 years with presumed high Mtb exposure, based on extreme tuberculosis incidence rates and high prevalence of latent Mtb infection (Chihota et al. 2022, PMID: 35302992; Ntshiqa et al. 2021, doi: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13191.1). TST and IGRA testing were performed at enrollment of gold miners, some of whom remained available for repeat testing at 12 months.

  Study phs002746

• Whole exome sequencing in multiplex cleft families from a consortium

  Building upon our previous linkage and association studies, we will use whole exome sequencing studies of second and third degree affected relatives drawn from multiplex families. Our specific aims are: 1) To conduct whole exome sequencing on affected members (2° and 3° relatives) drawn from multiplex cleft families from a consortium to identify novel genes causing non-syndromic oral clefts; 2) To confirm and test the role of rare variants in these novel genes through confirmatory Sanger sequencing, plus linkage information using additional members available in these multiplex families. This whole exome sequencing approach will combine evidence from linkage studies and large scale sequencing to identify novel genes causing oral clefts in multiplex cleft families.

  Study phs000459

• Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program in Whole Genome Sequencing of African and Asian Orofacial Clefts Case-Parent Triads

  The Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program (Kids First) is a trans-NIH effort initiated in response to the 2014 Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Act and supported by the NIH Common Fund. This program focuses on gene discovery in pediatric cancers and structural birth defects and the development of the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Data Resource (Kids First Data Resource). All of the WGS and phenotypic data from this study are accessible through dbGaP and kidsfirstdrc.org, where other Kids First datasets can also be accessed. The focus of this study is to identify novel risk variants for OFC in Africa and Asian OFC case-parent triads through analysis of Whole Genome Sequencing data.

  Study phs001997

• Mapping Genotypes to Chromatin Accessibility Profiles in Single Cells

  In somatic tissue differentiation, chromatin accessibility changes govern priming and precursor commitment towards cellular fates1–3. Therefore, somatic mutations likely alter chromatin accessibility patterns, as they disrupt differentiation topologies leading to abnormal clonal outgrowth. However, defining the impact of somatic mutations on the epigenome in human samples is challenging due to admixed mutated and wild-type cells. To chart how somatic mutations disrupt epigenetic landscapes in human clonal outgrowths, we developed Genotyping of Targeted loci with single-cell Chromatin Accessibility (GoT-ChA). This high-throughput platform links genotypes to chromatin accessibility at single-cell resolution, across thousands of cells within a single assay. We applied GoT-ChA to CD34+ cells from myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients with JAK2V617F-mutated hematopoiesis.

  Study EGAS50000000164

• 1. Identidication of molecular biological mechanism associated with the development and prognosis of uterine cancer, uterine sarcoma, and endometrial hyperplasia / 2. Identification of molecular biological mechanism associated with the development of endometriosis and malignant transformation, ovarian cancer, fallopian tubal cancer, peritoneal cancer, and other malignant tumors in gynecological organs

  To clarify the biological difference between clear cell carcinoma and other histological subtypes in ovarian carcinomas by comparing copy number variants, and to identify molecular subtypes and carcinogenesis in clear cell ovarian carcinomas by whole-exome sequencing and RNA-sequencing. Then, characterize high-grade serous carcinomas by NGS-based, integrative genomic analyses, with focus on homologous recombination deficiency, molecular subtypes, prognostic factors and effectiveness of PARP inhibitor. Based on the results of whole-exome sequencing, an investigator-initiated, phase 2 clinical trial will be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in HRD-positive cases.

  Study JGAS000789

• RNA sequencing of CAR-T cells with CD38-CD73-Tim-3-HLA-DR+ phenotype and others in infusion products of tisagenlecleucel for B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  We enrolled 19 patients with BCP-ALL who took tisagenlecleucel, and infusion products and patient samples were obtained before and after CAR-T infusion. Single-cell analysis by CyTOF revealed that central memory CAR+ T cells increased in long-term responders, whereas PD-1highCD38highCXCR3+ effector CAR+ T cells were enriched in relapsed patients after CAR-T infusion. Furthermore, in long-term responders, CAR+ T cells obtained from infusion products were enriched with CD38-CD73-Tim-3-HLA-DR+ phenotype, and characterized by decreased ability to produce adenosine, and they showed more memory-like transcriptomic characteristics. We elucidated the characteristics of tisagenlecleucel related to a durable response, which could contribute to improving the clinical outcome.

  Study JGAS000760

• Single-cell profiling of the leukemic and non-leukemic immune cell compartments in CD8+ T-cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia

  We performed a detailed and precise characterisation of the clonally expanded leukemic cells in CD8+ T cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia (T-LGLL). By combining scRNA+TCRαβ-seq with bulk RNA sequencing data we showed evidence of a strong antigen-driven immune response that shapes the entire immune cell repertoire in T-LGLL. Our study highlights how the whole immune cell repertoire including the hyperexpanded CD8+ T-LGLL cells, the non-leukemic CD8+ cells, CD4+ cells, and monocytes contribute to the CD8+ T-LGLL disease phenotype. Please note that this submission contains the fastq files while the processed count matrices can be found in ArrayExpress by the accession E-MTAB-11170.

  Study EGAS00001005297

• Genome-wide analysis of HPV integration in human cancers reveals recurrent, focal genomic instability

  Genomic instability is a hallmark of human cancers, including the 5% caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Here we report a striking association between HPV integration and adjacent host genomic structural variation in human cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Whole genome sequencing revealed HPV integrants flanking and bridging extensive host genomic amplifications and rearrangements, including deletions, inversions and chromosomal translocations. We present a model of ³looping² by which HPV integrant-mediated DNA replication and recombination may result in viral-host DNA concatemers, frequently disrupting genes involved in oncogenesis and amplifying HPV oncogenes E6 and E7. Our high-resolution results shed new light on a catastrophic process, distinct from chromothripsis and other mutational processes, by which HPV directly promotes genomic instability.

  Study EGAS00001000599