3994 results for "*geneti*"

in 19.15 milliseconds.

• Neuroblastoma relapse trio series from the AMC

  The majority of neuroblastoma patients have tumors that initially respond to chemotherapy, but a large proportion of patients will experience therapy-resistant relapses. The molecular basis of this aggressive phenotype is unknown. Whole genome sequencing of 23 paired diagnostic and relapsed neuroblastomas showed clonal evolution from the diagnostic tumor with a median of 29 somatic mutations unique to the relapse sample. Eighteen of the 23 relapse tumors (78%) showed RAS-MAPK pathway mutations. Seven events were detected only in the relapse tumor while the others showed clonal enrichment. In neuroblastoma cell lines we also detected a high frequency of activating mutations in the RAS-MAPK pathway (11/18, 61%) and these lesions predicted for sensitivity to MEK inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide a rationale for genetic characterization of relapse neuroblastoma and show that RAS-MAPK pathway mutations may function as a biomarker for new therapeutic approaches to refractory disease.

  Study EGAS00001001183

• Exploration of CNV’s and SNV’s in cancers with well-known genetic rearrangements: Identification of additional genetic changes in rearrangements-driven cancer

  Specific cancers are well known to have specific gene rearrangements. Representative cancer is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) which is famous for BCR/ABL gene rearrangements. By the way, also genetic rearrangements are not infrequently found in acute leukemia, and those include CBFB/MYH11 rearrangements, PML/RARA rearrangements, AML/ETO rearrangements, and BCR/ABL rearrangements. The situation is same is for lung adenocarcinoma of non-smokers and prostate cancers, and ALK and RET gene rearrangements are recently found. However, not all these rearrangements are sufficient to develop cancer, and it is suggested that some genetic aberrations are required for the development and progression of cancer in addition to these genetic rearrangements. In this study, we have a plan to explore the existence of additional genetic changes including single nucleotide variants (SNV’s) and copy number variations (CNV’s) in cancers with specific genetic rearrangements so as to define additional genetic changes that confer full oncogenic potential to cancer cells. So as to look at SNV’s and small indels, we are going to use whole exome sequencing (WES) data. And as for CNV’s, we are going to use array-CGH data. Also, to check the functionality of these genetic changes, we are going to use whole transcriptome data (WTS). In addition, in samples with whole genome sequencing (WGS ) data, we are going to explore genetic changes in intronic regions also. In fact, we sequenced 10 AML samples which are known to have specific genetic rearrangements. Analysis of these WGS, WES and WTS data are under the way. If we have a chance to access WES, array-CGH and WTS data of other cancer samples with specific genetic rearrangements, we would be able to compare additional genetic changes required for oncogenesis in cancer cells with various genetic rearrangements. We hope this result will enlighten our understanding of cancer genetics further.

  Study EGAS00001000673

• ESGI___Whole_Genome_Sequencing_of_samples_from_the_INGI_Val_Borbera_genetic_isolate__X10_

  Whole genome sequencing of sampels from an isolated population from the Val Borbera valley in Italy. The samples are sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq X Ten system.

  Study EGAS00001001123

• Congenital_anosmia_1

  Congenital anosmias can be complete (the lack of a sense of smell) or specific (the inability to detect specific smells). To date, only a single recessive gene underlying complete anosmia has been identified. Here we sequenced the exomes of 10 individuals from a single family, including three with complete anosmia, across three generations to identify the genetic basis of congenital anosmia in this family. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001001124

• Genome-wide association analysis on five isolated populations - Erasmus Rucphen Family (ERF) Study

  ERF is embedded in the Genetic Research in Isolated Population (GRIP) program. Genealogy of GRIP is available from its founding (1600-1650). For ERF, we selected 22 related (first and second degree, non-consanguineous) couples living in GRIP between 1850-1900, and having at least six children baptized in the community church. All living descendants of those couples were invited to participate in ERF1. About 4,000 relatives included in the study form a very complex pedigree, which consists of more than 23,000 members. The participants aged between 18-20 years constitute a unique single family spanning over 23 generations. Around 3,000 individuals have been extensively phenotyped for several psychiatric and somatic traits. All phenotyped individuals are genotyped on genome-wide genotyping arrays.

  Study EGAS00001001134

• HipSci___RNAseq___Rare_Monogenic Diabetese

  The HipSci project brings together diverse constituents in genomics, proteomics, cell biology and clinical genetics to create a UK national iPS cell resource and use it to carry out cellular genetic studies. In this sub-study we perform RNAseq on iPS cells generated from skin biopsies or blood samples from rare disease patients diagnosed with Monogenic Diabetes. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001001137

• Understanding_the_multicellular_dynamics_of_clear_cell_renal_cell_carcinoma___single_cell_RNA_sequencing

  This study will reconstruct the single cellular phylogeny of tumour and immune cells in relation to both genomic, functional, and spatial location. 20 tumours in total will be studied, including non-progressing small renal masses, progressing small renal masses, relatively indolent larger tumours, and high risk tumour with metastatic sampling. We aim to: Generate a focused, comprehensive phylogenetic characterisation of tumour cells Understand the dependencies of the cancer genome, transcriptome, tissue architecture and the single cellular micro-environment Quantify the single cellular composition and functional intra- and inter- tumoural heterogeneity Determine the phylogeny of tumour associated lymphocytes and their relationship to neo-epitopes and the immune microenvironment Investigate the mechanisms by which the tumour-normal interface constrains tumoural growth

  Study EGAS00001003519

• Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma RNA and Targeted Sequencing

  Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) are frequently driven by genetic alterations in the RAS/MAPK pathway yet show unexplained variability in their clinical outcome. To address this, we characterized a cohort of >1,000 clinically annotated pLGG. 84% of cases harbored a driver alteration, while those without an identified alteration also often exhibited up-regulation of the RAS/MAPK pathway. pLGG could be broadly classified based on their alteration type. Rearrangement-driven tumors were diagnosed at a younger age, enriched for WHO grade I histology, infrequently progressed, and rarely resulted in death as compared to SNV-driven tumors. Further sub-classification of clinical-molecular correlates stratified pLGG into risk categories. These data highlight the biological and clinical differences between pLGG subtypes and opens avenues for future treatment refinement.

  Study EGAS00001004242

• Expanding the neurodevelopmental phenotypes of individuals with de novo KMT2A variants

  De novo loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the KMT2A gene are associated with Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome (WSS). Recently, de novo KMT2A variants have been identified in sequencing studies of cohorts of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, most of these studies lack the detailed clinical information required to determine whether those individuals have isolated NDDs or WSS (i.e. syndromic NDDs). We performed thorough clinical and neurodevelopmental phenotyping on six individuals with de novo KMT2A variants. From these data, we found that all six patients met clinical criteria for WSS and we further define the neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with KMT2A variants and WSS. In particular, we identified a subtype of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in five individuals, characterized by marked rigid, repetitive and inflexible behaviours, emotional dysregulation, externalizing behaviours, but relative social motivation. To further explore the clinical spectrum associated with KMT2A variants, we also conducted a meta-analysis of individuals with KMT2A variants reported in the published literature. We found that de novo LoF or missense variants in KMT2A were significantly more prevalent than predicted by a previously established statistical model of de novo mutation rate for KMT2A. Our genotype-phenotype findings better define the clinical spectrum associated with KMT2A variants and suggest that individuals with de novo LoF and missense variants likely have a clinically unrecognized diagnosis of WSS, rather than isolated NDD or ASD alone. This highlights the importance of a clinical genetic and neurodevelopmental assessment for individuals with such variants in KMT2A.

  Study EGAS00001003521

• Prediction of pigmentation phenotypes by SNP typing in a Northern German population

  Human pigmentation traits are of great interest to many research areas, from ancient DNA analysis to forensic science. We aimed to develop a gene-based predictive model for pigmentation phenotypes in a realistic target population for forensic case work from Northern Germany. Our aim was to determine whether better prediction accuracy can be achieved, or fewer genetic markers may suffice, than in previously studied, genetically more heterogeneous populations. We investigated the association between eye, hair and skin colour, and 12 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from six genes. Our study comprised two samples of 300 and 100 individuals from Northern Germany who were carefully characterized with regard to pigmentation phenotypes. The first sample was used to select trait-associated SNPs whereas the second sample served to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and to quantify the predictive capability of the respective SNP genotypes. SNP rs12913832 in HERC2 was found to be strongly associated with blue eye colour (OR=15.6, p<1.2•10-4) and to yield reasonable predictive power (90% sensitivity, 63% specificity). SNP associations with hair and skin colour were weaker and genotypes less predictive. A comparison to two recently published sets of markers to predict eye and hair colour revealed that the consideration of additional SNPs with weak to moderate effect increases the predictive power in Northern Germans for eye colour, but not for hair colour. In addition, fine phenotyping and differentiation of hair colour (light / dark and red tint / no red tint) were found to increase the number of significant genotype-phenotype associations.

  Study EGAS00001001174