4051 results for "*geneti*"

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• Genetic Epidemiology of Lung Cancer Consortium GWAS of Familial Lung Cancer

  Familial lung cancer cases were collected by the Genetic Epidemiology of Lung Cancer Consortium (GELCC) recruitment sites: University of Cincinnati, Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, Mayo Clinic, and Medical College of Ohio. Familial cases for this study came from three sources: 1) one case each from families (at least 3 affected lung cancer cases in the family) included in the linkage analysis; 2) one case from linkage-eligible families (at least 3 affected lung cancer cases in the family) but where there were insufficient biospecimens available to make them informative for linkage analysis; and 3) one case from families not eligible for the linkage study with a family history of at least one first or second degree relative affected with lung cancer. Unrelated controls were selected from 1) among the spouses of family members, thus matching on socio-economic status (SES) and ethnicity (typically) of the cases or 2) from case-control studies of lung cancer conducted in the same location in which the linkage families were collected and matched on age, sex, and race. All cases and controls self-reported as European American. Biospecimens used for normal DNA extraction included blood, saliva or mouthwash. Some samples underwent whole genome amplication.

  Study phs000629

• OCD Collaborative Genetic Association Study (OCGAS)

  The OCD Collaborative Genetics Association Study Group (OCGAS) was funded by NIMH to conduct a genome-wide association study to identify disease susceptibility loci of early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Collaborators at Johns Hopkins, Brown, Columbia, MGH, UCLA, and NIMH evaluated 2,000 individuals with OCD and collected DNA from these individuals and both their parents. The genotyping and analyses was performed in two stages. In the first stage 1,065 families (comprising 1406 patients with OCD and 2895 individuals in total) were genotyped on the Illumina OmniExpress GWA (SNPs) panel at the JHU SNP Center.

  Study phs000903

• Natural History of and Genetic Modifiers in Spinocerebellar Ataxias

  Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are genetic neurological diseases that cause imbalance, poor coordination, and speech difficulties. There are different kinds of SCA and this study will focus on types 1, 2, 3, and 6 (SCA 1, SCA 2, SCA 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease and SCA 6). The diseases are rare, slowly progressive, cause increasingly severe neurological difficulties and are variable across and within genotypes. The purpose of this research study is to bring together a group of experts in the field of SCA for the purpose of learning more about the disease. The research questions are: How does the disease progress over time? What are the best ways to measure disease progression? Do some genes, other than the gene that is abnormal in the SCA disease, have any effect on the way the disease behaves?

  Study phs001332

• NHLBI TOPMed: Defining the Time-Dependent Genetic and Transcriptomic Responses to Cardiac Injury Among Patients with Arrhythmias

  The UMMS miRhythm Study is an ongoing study of adult patients undergoing an elective electrophysiology study or arrhythmia ablation procedure for a supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmia, including atrial fibrillation (AF). Atrial fibrillation is a major clinical and public health problem that is related to atrial pathologic remodeling. Few tools are available to quantify the activity or extent of this remodeling, rendering it difficult to identify individuals at risk for AF. Previous studies have suggested an important role for miRNA in cardiovascular disease through gene expression regulation, making this a promising avenue for studying AF mechanisms. The aim of the study is to determine the time-dependent changes to key circulating miRNAs in a model of planned atrial injury and remodeling via ablation. Such knowledge might provide additional insight into the biology and activity of the acute atrial injury response, and furthermore, inform new targets for development of preventative interventions or allow for better AF risk stratification. To assess pathways regulating atrial pathological remodeling, patient blood samples are collected prior to their ablation procedures and also at a regularly scheduled 1-month follow-up appointment. Plasma expression of miRNA is measured using high-throughput quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), providing novel insights into the regulatory processes underlying AF, as well as acute atrial injury in vivo. Additionally, data collected from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is used to supplement miRNA analyses and further explore new relations between genes and abnormal heart rhythm.

  Study phs001434

• Genetic analysis of Hirschsprung disease

  Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a birth defect resulting from the absence of nerve (ganglion) cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Hirschsprung disease has a population incidence of 1/5,000 live births and most often occurs as an isolated condition. However, approximately 30% of HSCR cases are associated with other birth defects such as Down syndrome, deafness, hypopigmentation, and Congenital Central Hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). Hirschsprung disease is a genetic condition with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and multigenic patterns of inheritance described. The goal of the research study is to identify genes harboring causative HSCR mutations and to better understand the complex inheritance of HSCR in families using whole genome mapping and sequencing studies with functional follow-up of candidate genes and variants. We intend to ascertain the frequency with which mutations in any human gene lead to familial and isolated forms of HSCR. Clinical information is collected to allow investigation of possible genotype - phenotype correlations. The subject population consists of individuals diagnosed with HSCR and their unaffected relatives. Individuals/families are ascertained through support groups, web-based listings of research studies and genetic testing services, an educational study website, and referrals from genetic counselors and physicians. Blood, or tissue, samples are requested from affected individuals and their unaffected relatives.

  Study phs000497

• Pilot Sequencing Study: DNA Hydroxymethylation and Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Healthy Human Aging

  This study was a pilot analysis of samples of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) from 10 young (23-30 years) and 10 older (68-76 years) healthy Caucasian female volunteers. Whole genome sequencing was performed to assess multiple epigenetic mechanisms and gene expression, including 5hmC-capture sequencing and RNA-sequencing, followed by integrative analyses to identify regions and genes associated with age.

  Study phs001916

• Molecular Evolution of Cancer

  Recently developed methods that utilize partitioning of long genomic DNA fragments, and barcoding of shorter fragments derived from them, have succeeded in retaining long-range information in short sequencing reads. These so-called read cloud approaches represent a powerful, accurate, and cost-effective alternative to single-molecule long-read sequencing. We developed software, GROC-SVs, that takes advantage of read clouds for structural variant detection and assembly. We apply the method to two 10x Genomics data sets, one chromothriptic sarcoma with several spatially separated samples, and one breast cancer cell line, all Illumina-sequenced to high coverage. Comparison to short-fragment data from the same samples, and validation by mate-pair data from a subset of the sarcoma samples, demonstrate substantial improvement in specificity of breakpoint detection compared to short-fragment sequencing, at comparable sensitivity, and vice versa. The embedded long-range information also facilitates sequence assembly of a large fraction of the breakpoints; importantly, consecutive breakpoints that are closer than the average length of the input DNA molecules can be assembled together and their order and arrangement reconstructed, with some events exhibiting remarkable complexity. These features facilitated an analysis of the structural evolution of the sarcoma. In the chromothripsis, rearrangements occurred before copy number amplifications, and using the phylogenetic tree built from point mutation data, we show that single nucleotide variants and structural variants are not correlated. We predict significant future advances in structural variant science using 10x data analyzed with GROC-SVs and other read cloud-specific methods.

  Study phs001255

• Blepharospasm in a Multiplex African-American Pedigree

  Blepharospasm (BSP) is a late-onset focal dystonia characterized by involuntary contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscles. Genetics plays an important role on the pathogenesis of BSP, especially in hereditary BSP families. In this project, a large African-American pedigree with BSP was phenotypically characterized and its relationship with known common dystonia genes was investigated with Sanger sequencing on dystonia genes such as THAP1, TOR1A and GNAL. And whole-exome sequencing (EXOME) of the proband was performed to identify all other dystonia-associated genes for potentially pathogenic SVs. A novel THAP1 SV (c.314T>C, p.L105S) was identified in the family, however, this SV did not co-segregate with blepharospasm in the pedigree. No pathogenic or likely pathogenic SVs in other dystonia-associated genes were identified with whole-exome sequencing. The current study makes available phenotype data and summary genotype data of n=12 family members (mutation absent/heterozygous for THAP1); whole exome sequencing data of one (het) subject are available through public SRA.

  Study phs001206

• Genetics of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

  The Genetics of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) contributes data from unrelated individuals who were recruited at the Columbia University Medical Center (New York, USA), the Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations (Poland), the Universities of Parma, Bari, and Brescia, and the Gaslini Institute (Italy), the University of Skopje (Macedonia), and VUMC of Amsterdam (Netherlands). These individuals consented to share their data for scientific discovery. The purpose of the study is to investigate the genetic architecture of CAKUT.  Additionally, part of the data in this study was generated from 418 DNA samples from the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) study, and supplied by the NIDDK Central Repository. The RIVUR study was conducted by the RIVUR study investigators, and supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The Genetics of CAKUT study was not conducted in collaboration with investigators of the RIVUR study and does not necessarily reflect the opinions or views of the RIVUR study, the NIDDK Central Repository, or the NIDDK. Genomic DNA samples were genotyped on Illumina Multi-Ethnic Global Arrays.

  Study phs001749

• Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program: An Integrated Clinical and Genomic Analysis of Treatment Failure in Pediatric Osteosarcoma

  The Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program (Kids First) is a trans-NIH effort initiated in response to the 2014 Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Act and supported by the NIH Common Fund. This program focuses on gene discovery in childhood cancers and structural birth defects and the development of the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Data Resource (Kids First Data Resource). Both childhood cancers and structural birth defects are critical and costly conditions associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Elucidating the underlying genetic etiology of these diseases has the potential to profoundly improve preventative measures, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions. All of the WGS and phenotypic data from this study are accessible through dbGaP and kidsfirstdrc.org, where other Kids First datasets can also be accessed. Although the survival of children with relapsed osteosarcoma is very poor, little is known about the etiology of treatment failure in this disease. The purpose of this project is to perform whole genome sequencing on serial samples from patients with osteosarcoma obtained before treatment, after treatment, and at relapse/metastasis in order to identify the mutations and pathways that are drivers of drug resistance. If successful, our results may help identify patients at high risk for treatment failure and may yield new treatments for children who cannot currently be cured.

  Study phs001714