4911 results for "*oma"

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• Genomic landscape of Ewing sarcoma (ICGC project)

  The Ewing sarcoma project aims to sequence 100 complete genomes of cells of patients suffering from this disease. It is an initiative of great projection, since this is the second most common bone tumor in children and teenagers. The goal of the project is to establish the catalogue of somatic mutations that may cooperate with EWS-ETS fusion in the development of the tumor. The Ewing sarcoma project aims to perform 100 whole genome sequencing of germline and tumor DNA as well as at least 50 RNA-seq from tumors. Correlations between molecular profiles and clinical features will be established. The mutated genes will be further validated in a series of 500 Ewing sarcoma cases from our Tumor Bank.

  Study EGAS00001000855

• Human_primary_melanoma_project

  Mutational burden and profiles to be studied in approx. 500 human primary melanomas with matched normal samples, part of the Leeds melanoma cohort. New custom design targeted capture panel covering melanoma-specific copy number alterations, promoter mutations, gene fusions, coding genes, HLA regions and IFNg/JAK/STAT pathway genes.

  Study EGAS00001002409

• UAMS Smoldering Myeloma Timeline Cohort

  To better understand the pattern of genetic changes over time, we performed whole exome sequencing of sequential bone marrow samples from 9 patients taken overtime including some paired SMM/newly diagnosed MM/Relapse MM samples. Samples from 9 patients (9 controls and 53 tumors) underwent whole exome sequencing with an additional capture for the IGH, IHK, IGL, and MYC loci. DNA was obtained from either CD138+ cells from the bone marrow of smoldering myeloma patients through time (tumor) or from stem cell harvests or peripheral blood cells from the same patient (control). 100 ng of DNA was fragmented, end-repaired, and adapters ligated using NimbleGen's MedExome. After PCR amplification hybridized libraries underwent further amplification before being sequenced on a NextSeq500 (Illumina) using 75 bp paired end reads.

  Study EGAS00001003687

• Genomic analyses of gynecologic carcinosarcomas reveal frequent mutations in chromatin remodeling genes

  Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumors, also known as carcinosarcomas, are rare tumors of gynecological origin. Here we perform whole exome analyses of 22 tumors using massively parallel sequencing to determine the mutational landscape of this tumor type. On average, we identify 43 mutations per tumor, excluding four cases with a mutator phenotype that harbored inactivating mutations in mismatch repair genes. In addition to mutations in TP53 and KRAS, we identify genetic alterations in chromatin remodeling genes, ARID1A and ARID1B, in histone methyltransferase MLL3, in histone deacetylase modifier SPOP, and in chromatin assembly factor BAZ1A, in nearly two thirds of cases. Alterations in genes with potential clinical utility are observed in more than three quarters of the cases and included members of the PI 3-kinase and homologous DNA repair pathways. These findings highlight the importance of the dysregulation of chromatin remodeling in carcinosarcoma tumorigenesis and suggest new avenues for personalized therapy.

  Study EGAS00001000941

• Cross-species genomics identifies TAF12, NFYC and RAD54L as novel choroid plexus carcinoma oncogenes

  Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPC) are poorly understood and frequently lethal brain tumors with minimal treatment options. Using a new mouse model of the disease and a large cohort of human CPCs, we performed a cross-species, genome-wide search for novel oncogenes within syntenic regions of chromosome gain. TAF12, NFYC and RAD54L, co-located on human chromosome 1p32-35.3 and mouse chromosome 4qD1-D3, were identified as oncogenes that are gained in tumors in both species and required to initiate and progress the disease in mice. TAF12 and NFYC are transcription factors that regulate the epigenome, while RAD54L plays a central role in DNA repair. Our data identify a group of concurrently gained, novel oncogenes that cooperate in the formation of CPC and unmask potential new avenues for therapy.

  Study EGAS00001000961

• Angiosarcoma_whole_exome

  Extension of angiosarcoma whole genome sequencing study

  Study EGAS00001000588

• Non-Mendalian inheritance of extrachromosal DNA elements can drive disease evolution in glioblastoma

  Genomic heterogeneity of glioblastoma (GBM) is suspected to contribute to the poor response to therapy of this disease. We compared molecular characteristics between primary GBM, neurospheres and orthotopic xenograft models derived from the same parental tumor. Driver alterations were in majority propagated from tumor to model systems. Extrachromosomal amplifications of MET, a proto-oncogene coding for a receptor tyrosine kinase, were detected in three primary GBM, largely discarded in neurospheres cultures, but resurfaced in xenografts. The clonal dynamics inferred by somatic single nucleotide variants (sSNVs) in MET-amplified samples diverged from the pattern delineated by the MET amplification event suggesting that the MET event and sSNVs were inherited in different manners. Our analysis shows that extrachromosomal elements are able to drive tumor progression.

  Study EGAS00001001878

• Frequent alterations in cytoskeleton remodeling genes in primary and metastatic Chinese lung adenocarcinomas

  The landscape of genetic alterations in lung adenocarcinoma derived from Asian patients is largely uncharacterized. Here we present an integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis of 335 primary lung adenocarcinomas and 35 corresponding lymph node metastases from Chinese patients. Altogether 13 significantly mutated genes are identified, including themost commonly mutated gene TP53 and novel mutation targets such as RHPN2, GLI3 and MRC2. TP53 mutations are furthermore significantly enriched in tumours from patients harbouring metastases. Genes regulating cytoskeleton remodelling processes are also frequently altered, especially in metastatic samples, of which the high expression level of IQGAP3 is identified as a marker for poor prognosis. Our study represents the first large-scalesequencing effort on lung adenocarcinoma in Asian patients and provides a comprehensive mutational landscape for both primary and metastatic tumours. This may thus form a basis for personalized medical care and shed light on the molecular pathogenesis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma.

  Study EGAS00001000982

• Spatiotemporal genomic architecture informs precision oncology in glioblsatoma

  We characterized genomic and expression profiles across 127 multi-sector or longitudinal specimens from 52 glioma patients. We showed that, while samples from nearby geographical location shared similar genomic alterations (clonal or subclonal) and expression signatures, multifocal tumors were seeded from individual clones.

  Study EGAS00001001880

• An RCOR1 loss-associated gene expression signature identifies a prognostically significant DLBCL subgroup

  Effective treatment of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is plagued by heterogeneous responses to standard therapy, and molecular mechanisms underlying unfavorable outcomes in lymphoma patients remain elusive. Here, we profiled 148 genomes with 91 matching transcriptomes in an R-CHOP-treated DLBCL cohort to uncover molecular subgroups linked to treatment failure. Systematic integration of high-resolution genotyping arrays and RNA-seq data revealed novel deletions in RCOR1 to be associated with unfavorable progression free survival (P = 0.001). Integration of expression data from the clinical samples with data from RCOR1 knockdowns in the lymphoma cell lines KM-H2 and Raji yielded an RCOR1 loss-associated gene signature comprising of 233 genes. This signature identified a subgroup of patients with unfavorable overall survival (OS) (P = 0.023). The prognostic significance of the 233-gene signature for OS was reproduced in an independent cohort comprising of 195 R- CHOP treated patients (P = 0.039). Additionally, we discovered that within the IPI low risk group, the gene signature provides additional prognostic value that was independent of the cell-of-origin phenotype. Taken together, we present a novel and reproducible molecular subgroup of DLBCL, impacting risk-stratification of R- CHOP treated DLBCL patients and revealing a new avenue for therapeutic intervention strategies.

  Study EGAS00001001000