4058 results for "*oma"

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• microRNA and isomiR profiling of Stage 1 epithelial ovarian carcinoma

  Study EGAS00001006617

• Neoadjuvant Chemo or Combined Chemo-Radiation Therapy of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Yields Fundamentally Different Proteome Biology of the Residual Tumor Mass

  We performed data independent acquisition (DIA)-based proteomics to characterize the proteomes of 67 PDAC resection specimens. Patients received either neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant combined chemo-radiation therapy. We employed DIA, yielding a proteome coverage in excess of 3,500 proteins. The two neoadjuvant therapies yielded highly distinguishable proteome profiles of the residual tumor mass.

  Study EGAS00001006739

• The Iberian Roma genetic variant server

  The Roma are the most numerous ethnic minority in Europe. The Iberian Roma arrived in the Iberian Peninsula five centuries ago and still today, they keep a strong group identity. Demographic and cultural reasons lie behind a high rate of Mendelian disease often related to founder variants. We have analysed exome data from 119 Iberian Roma individuals collected from 2018 to 2020. A database of variant frequency has been implemented (IRPVS) and made available online. We have analysed the carrier rate of founder private alleles as well as pathogenic variants present in the general population. Significant enrichment in structural variants involving gene clusters related to keratinization and epidermal growth suggest that evolutive mechanisms have developed towards climate and environmental adaptation. IRPVS can be accessed at http://irpvs.clinbioinfosspa.es/

  Study EGAS00001006758

• Molecular heterogeneity and commonalities in pancreatic cancer precursors with gastric and intestinal phenotype

  Due to the limited number of modifiable risk factors, secondary prevention strategies based on early diagnosis represent the preferred route to improve the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we provide a comparative morphogenetic analysis of PDAC precursors aiming at dissecting the process of carcinogenesis and tackling the heterogeneity of preinvasive lesions.

  Study EGAS00001006793

• Exome sequencing of HCV+ lymphoma

  The present retrospective study aimed to explore the genetic landscape of a well-characterized series of 34 HCV-associated B-cell lymphomas from the observational multicentric ANRS HC-13 Lympho-C Study using tumor and matched germline whole exome sequencing (WES). It reported the first series of VHC-positive lymphoma patients analyzed by WES. Our results provide an overview of the genetic landscape associated to HCV-related B-cell lymphomas and highlight some novel putative candidate genes.

  Study EGAS00001006860

• WGS of MAPKi acquired resistant samples from patients and PDX models

  Blocking cancer genomic instability, which generates diverse variants that enable rapid adaptations, may prevent tumor escape from therapies. We show that, after MAPK inhibitor (MAPKi) therapy in patients and patient-derived xenografts, acquired-resistant genomes of metastatic cutaneous melanoma accumulate amplicons of resistance-driver, non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), and homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes within complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs) and extrachromosomal circular DNAs (ecDNAs). Also, chromothriptic genomic regions enrich for mutations and may engender ecDNAs and CGRs. Overall, somatic mutations within ecDNA- and CGR-amplicons enrich for HRR signatures, and, in acquired resistance, ecDNA (versus CGR) mutations enrich for APOBEC3 signatures. Breakpoint-sequence analysis suggests NHEJ as critical to double-stranded DNA break repair underlying CGR and ecDNA formation. In vivo, NHEJ-targeting by a DNA-PKCS inhibitor prevented acquired MAPKi-resistance by reducing the size of ecDNAs and CGRs early on combination treatment. Thus, targeting the cause(s), as opposed to the consequences, of genomic instability prevents acquired resistance.

  Study EGAS00001006874

• Transcriptomic analysis of liver CD8+ T cells

  Sorted single CD8+T cells expressing CD14 from human liver for SMARTSeq2. Livers processed: Kucykowicz et al STAR Prot 2022:pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35516846/ Published: Pallett et al Nature 2022 Tissue CD14+CD8+T-cells are reprogrammed by myeloid cells and modulated by LPS The liver is bathed in bacterial products including LPS transported from the intestinal portal vasculature, but maintains a state of tolerance exploited by persistent pathogens and tumours1,2,3,4. The cellular basis mediating this tolerance, yet allowing a switch to immunity or immunopathology, needs to be better understood for successful immunotherapy of liver diseases. Here we show that a variable proportion of CD8+T-cells compartmentalised in the human liver co-stain for CD14 and other prototypic myeloid membrane proteins; CD14+CD8+T-cells preferentially accumulate within the donor pool in liver allografts, amongst hepatic virus-specific and tumour-infiltrating responses, and in cirrhotic ascites. CD14+CD8+T-cells exhibit increased turnover, activation and constitutive immunomodulatory features with high homeostatic IL-10/IL-2 production directly ex vivo, and an enhanced capacity to rapidly produce antiviral/anti-tumour cytokines upon TCR engagement. This CD14+CD8+T-cell profile can be recapitulated by acquisition of membrane proteins, including the LPS receptor complex, from mononuclear phagocytes, resulting in augmented tumour killing by TCR-redirected T-cells in vitro. CD14+CD8+T-cells express integrins and chemokine receptors favouring interactions with the local stroma, which can promote their induction through CXCL12. LPS can also increase the frequency of CD14+CD8+T-cells in vitro and in vivo, and skew their function towards the production of chemotactic and regenerative cytokines. Thus, bacterial products in the gut-liver axis and tissue stromal factors can tune liver immunity by driving myeloid instruction of CD8+T-cells with immunomodulatory capacity. For the analysis of the single cell transcriptome two intrahepatic perfusate samples were isolated and frozen at -80 'C for storage prior to transportation to Newcastle, UK. Once thawed in pre-warmed HBSS containing 0.001% DNaseI, intrahepatic leukocytes were sorted by FACS to index classical mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) defined as Singlets, CD3-CD56-CD19-CD14hiHLA-DR+ or CD14± CD8+T-cells as follows: Singlets, CD3+CD56-CD19-CD4-CD8+V7.2- and split in to CD14± based on an isotype control. Single cells were sorted into 96-well skirted LoBind plates (Eppendorf) containing 5 µL lysis buffer (TCL buffer [Qiagen], supplemented with 1% b-mercaptoethanol [Sigma Aldrich; Merck]) on a BD Bioscience FACSFusion. The sorted plates were subsequently immediately sealed, centrifuged, and placed on dry ice to flash-freeze the cell lysate and stored at -80 'C. A modified SMART-seq2 protocol57 was performed on the single flow cytometry sorted-cells as previously described58. After cDNA generation, libraries were prepared (384 cells per library) using the Illumina Nextera XT kit (Illumina). Each library was sequenced to achieve a minimum depth of 1-2 million raw reads per cell using an Illumina HiSeq 4000 using v. 4 SBS chemistry to generate 75-bp paired-end reads.

  Study EGAS00001006885

• TK-EPN862 - Patient-dervied xenograft model of Posterior Fossa A Ependymoma - RNAseq

  Ependymomas (EPN) are the third most common malignant brain cancer in children. Treatment strategies for pediatric EPN have remained unchanged over recent decades, with 10-year survival rates stagnating at just 67% for children aged 0-14 years. Moreover, patients who survive treatment for the most common subtype of pediatric EPN (posterior fossa A (PFA)), often suffer long-term neurological side effects as a result of therapy. It is evident that there is a need for safer, more effective treatments for pediatric EPN patients. There are ten distinct subgroups of EPN, each with their own molecular and prognostic features. To identify and facilitate the testing of new treatments for EPN, in vivo laboratory models representative of the diverse molecular subtypes are required. Here, we describe the establishment of a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of PFA EPN, derived from a metastatic cranial lesion. Patient and PDOX tumors were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, DNA methylation profiling, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing. Both patient and PDOX tumors classified as PFA EPN by methylation profiling, and shared similar histological features consistent with this molecular subgroup. RNA sequencing revealed that gene expression patterns were maintained across the primary and metastatic tumors, as well as the PDOX. Copy number profiling revealed gains of chromosomes 7, 8 and 19, and loss of chromosomes 2q and 6q in the PDOX and matched patient tumor. No clinically significant single nucleotide variants were identified, consistent with the low mutation rates observed in PFA EPN. Overexpression of EZHIP RNA and protein, a common feature of PFA EPN, was also observed. Despite the aggressive nature of the tumor in the patient, this PDOX was unable to be maintained past two passages in vivo. Others who have successfully developed PDOX models report some of the lowest success rates for EPN compared to other pediatric brain cancer types attempted, with loss of tumorigenicity not uncommon, highlighting the challenge in propagating these tumors in the laboratory. Here, we discuss our collective experiences with PFA EPN PDOX model generation and propose potential approaches to improve future success in establishing preclinical EPN models

  Study EGAS00001006844

• TK-EPN862 - Patient-dervied xenograft model of Posterior Fossa A Ependymoma - WGS

  Study EGAS00001006843

• Clonal dynamics of normal hepatocyte expansions in homeostatic human livers and their association with the biliary epithelium

  BAM files containing paired-end mtDNA sequencing data from morphologically normal human liver. CCO-proficient hepatocytes acquired from livers in which clonal CCO-deficient hepatocyte patches had been previously identified. Individual BAM files are named according to their patch, line and sample location, where PT denotes tissue near to the portal triad (PT), central hepatic vein (CV) and midway between these two structures (Mid). "Stroma" control samples were used for identifying germ-line variants. Sequenced on NextSeq 500 platform.

  Study EGAS00001006962

• Pharmacogenomic profiling reveals molecular features of chemotherapy resistance in IDH wild type primary glioblastoma

  We stratified 69 primary IDH-wt GBM patients into TMZ-resistant (n = 29) and sensitive (n = 40) groups, using TMZ screening of the corresponding patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). Genomic and transcriptomic features were then examined to identify TMZ-associated molecular alterations. Subsequently, we developed a machine learning (ML) model to predict TMZ response from combined signatures. Moreover, TMZ response in multisector samples (52 tumor sectors from 18 cases) was evaluated to validate findings and investigate the impact of intra-tumoral heterogeneity on TMZ efficacy.

  Study EGAS00001006989

• CAGEKID: Cancer Genomics of the Kidney - Targeted Sequencing

  The aim of CAGEKID is to carry out comprehensive detection of DNA markers for conventional (clear cell) renal carcinoma. The project includes complete analysis of somatic and constitutional DNA variation, methylation patterns and expression in a large number of constitutional/tumor pairs. CAGEKID is a part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium, ICGC.

  Study EGAS00001007004

• ACT-Discover: identifying karyotype heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer evolution using ctDNA

  Background Liquid biopsies, and the dynamic tracking of somatic mutations within circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can provide insight into the dynamics of cancer evolution and the intra-tumour heterogeneity that fuels treatment resistance. However, identifying and tracking dynamic changes in somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs), which have been associated with poor outcome and metastasis, using ctDNA is challenging. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a disease which has been considered to harbour early punctuated events in its evolution, leading to an early fitness peak, with minimal further subclonal evolution. Methods To interrogate the role of SCNAs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cancer evolution, we applied whole-exome sequencing of 55 longitudinal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples taken from 24 patients (including 8 from whom a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) was derived) with metastatic disease prospectively recruited into a clinical trial. We developed a method, Aneuploidy in Circulating Tumour DNA (ACT-Discover), that leverages haplotype phasing of paired tumour biopsies or PDXs to identify SCNAs in cfDNA with greater sensitivity. Results SCNAs were observed within 28 of 47 evaluable cfDNA samples. Of these events, 30% could only be identified by harnessing the haplotype-aware approach leveraged in ACT-Discover. The exceptional purity of PDX tumours enabled near-complete phasing of genomic regions in allelic imbalance, highlighting an important auxiliary function of PDXs. Finally, although the classical model of pancreatic cancer evolution emphasises the importance of early, homogenous somatic events as a key requirement for cancer development, ACT-Discover identified substantial heterogeneity of SCNAs, including parallel focal and arm-level events, affecting different parental alleles within individual tumours. Indeed, ongoing acquisition of SCNAs was identified within tumours throughout the disease course, including within an untreated metastatic tumour. Conclusions This work demonstrates the power of haplotype phasing to study genomic variation in cfDNA samples and reveals undiscovered intra-tumour heterogeneity with important scientific and clinical implications. Implementation of ACT-Discover could lead to important insights from existing cohorts, or underpin future prospective studies seeking to characterise the landscape of tumour evolution through liquid biopsy.

  Study EGAS00001007077

• Single cell epigenomic study of H3-K27M mutant diffuse midline glioma across age and location

  Histone 3 lysine27-to-methionine (H3-K27M) mutations most frequently occur in childhood diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) of the pons, but are also increasingly recognized in adult DMGs. Their potential heterogeneity at different ages and midline locations are vastly understudied. Here, through dissecting the single-cell epigenomic architectures of a comprehensive cohort of patient H3-K27M DMGs, we delineate how age and anatomical location shape glioma cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic features in light of the shared driver mutation. We analyzed the open chromatin profiles of 8 tumors utilizing the single-cell/nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (snATAC-seq)

  Study EGAS00001007035

• Cancer sequencing for somatic variant calling

  This dataset includes WES and RNAseq for 11 patients with metastatic melanoma, lung, kidney, and stomach cancers, enrolled in phase I clinical trials of TIL ACT (NCT03475134 & NCT04643574). WES was performed on matched cancer and healthy tissues, whereas RNAseq was performed on cancer tissues, using Illumina HiSeq 2500/4000 and Illumina NextSeq 550 systems.

  Study EGAS00001007101

• RNA sequencing of a glioblastoma PDX cohort

  Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models represent an essential tool for the preclinical evaluation of novel targeted therapies and their combinations. In this project, we molecularly characterized a comprehensive panel of glioma PDX models with well conserved molecular and pathological features over multiple passages. PDX samples were subjected to next generation sequencing (NGS). Characterization of cancer-relevant features including driver mutations or cellular processes was performed using mutational and gene expression data in order to identify potential biomarker or treatment targets in glioblastoma. In summary, we reported a newly established and molecularly characterized panel of glioma PDX models with high relevance for translational preclinical research.

  Study EGAS00001007119

• Sarcoma Data Access Committee

  Dac EGAC00001003226

• Berlin Neuroblastoma Dataset DAC

  Dac EGAC00001003101

• Berlin Neuroblastoma Dataset DAC

  Dac EGAC00001003104

• Neuroblastoma DAC

  Dac EGAC00001002585

• CDH Asian Head and Neck Angiosarcoma

  Dac EGAC00001003145

• Data Access Commitee for single-cell analysis of multiple myeloma and precursors

  Dac EGAC00001002920

• Gene expression profile of mesothelial-derived carcinoma-associated fibroblasts Data Access Commitee

  Dac EGAC00001001267

• AMC Neuroblastoma Study

  Dac EGAC00001000047

• PUMCH-ICT Hepatocellular Carcinoma Study Data Access Committee

  Dac EGAC00001000070