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• Transcriptomic profiles of early and late passage metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) tumoroids

  The breadth and depth at which cancer models are interrogated contribute to successful translation of drug discovery efforts to the clinic. In colorectal cancer (CRC), model availability is limited by a dearth of large-scale collections of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and paired tumoroids from metastatic disease, the setting where experimental therapies are typically tested. XENTURION is a unique open-science resource that combines a platform of 129 PDX models and a sister platform of 129 matched PDX-derived tumoroids (PDXTs) from patients with metastatic CRC, with accompanying multidimensional molecular and therapeutic characterization. This specific dataset is focused on a comparison of early and late passage tumoroids transcriptomes.

  Study EGAS50000000108

• Transcriptome changes in circulating immune cells of critical COVID-19 patients predict a specific metabolic and epigenetic imprint

  The progression to severe COVID-19 arises predominantly from a dysregulated host immune response, although the underlying regulatory mechanisms still remain partially elusive. This limits a prompt prediction of disease progression and restrains our understanding of “long COVID”. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from COVID-19 patients experiencing different degrees of the disease and control patients. In critical COVID-19 patients, we found an altered regulatory network involving microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and coding genes that control mRNA translation-related genes, epigenetics, and metabolism. We also observed an upregulation of tRNA aminoacylation genes and increased expression of coding genes enriched for the cognate amino acids. Collectively, our findings indicate a broad perturbation of the gene expression landscape that characterizes the aberrant host immune response in critical COVID-19 patients and is potentially coordinated by alterations in microRNA expression and tRNA metabolism.

  Study EGAS50000000965

• Exome sequencing data from two myelosarcomas

  Isolated myeloid sarcoma (MS, i.e. acute myeloid leukemia without detectable bone marrow infiltration) is rare and most patients subsequently develop overt AML. We prospectively performed whole exome sequencing of uterine MS, concomitant morphologically normal bone marrow (BM) and subsequently developing AML from two women. Both patients harbored preleukemic clones in the morphologically normal BM, including DNMT3A mutations. In addition, recurrent mutations were identified in the NFE2 gene, a gene not previously associated with AML or isolated MS. Retrospective studies of further MS samples, twelve with and four without preceding or concomitant bone marrow AML, revealed NFE2 mutations in two additional cases, both with isolated MS and prior myeloid malignancies. We conclude that DNMT3A mutated preleukemia may predispose for the frequent bone marrow relapses following isolated MS and that recurrent NFE2 mutations may have a role in the development of isolated MS.

  Study EGAS00001002562

• Resolution and methylation patterns of supernumerary marker chromosomes

  Herein we study the structure of ring and marker chromosomes in 10 carriers. The aim is to gain understanding of the formation and function of ring and marker chromosomes.

  Study EGAS50000001466

• RNU2-2 splicing signature RNA-Seq

  This dataset is composed of RNA-Seq samples: 49 controls which are probands without snRNA rare variants and 19 affected probands with either monoallelic or biallelic variants in RNU2-2. RNA was extracted from short-term lymphocytes cultures. RNA-Seq libraries were obtained by hybrid capture of fragmented cDNA with RNA probes from exome v8 (Agilent)

  Dataset EGAD50000002045

• The genomic landscape of relapsed infant and childhood KMT2A-rearranged acute leukemia

  To study the mechanisms of relapse in KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-r) acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we performed whole-genome and exome sequencing of infants and children with relapsed ALL/AML (n=36), and longitudinal deep-sequencing of 257 samples in 30 patients. Somatic alterations in drug-response genes, most commonly in TP53 and IKZF1 (64%), were highly enriched in early relapse ALL (79%, 9-36 months after diagnosis), but rare in very early relapse ALL (<9 months, 9%). A marked chemotherapy-exposure signature was detected for mutations in early relapse ALL but not in very early ALL or AML relapse, in line with different mechanisms of relapse. Longitudinal analyses could track residual leukemia cells, clonal drug responses, and the upcoming relapse. These results highlight that KMT2A-r ALL and AML evade therapy differently and provide new insights into the mechanisms of relapse in this highly lethal form of pediatric acute leukemia.

  Study EGAS00001008197

• The University of Tasmania MS Stem Data Access Committee

  Data access committee for data related to the Multiple Sclerosis Stem (MS Stem) biobank. A biobank of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. MS Stem is a biobank of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, derived from people living with and without multiple sclerosis. The biobank provides researchers with fully characterised iPSC lines from well phenotyped and genotyped individuals. This provides a unique opportunity to research the pathophysiology of MS in human cell models or conduct preclinical screening of putative therapeutics.

  Dac EGAC50000000120

• Sensitivity to the Subjective Effects of Amphetamine

  The goal of this study was to identify SNPs associated with subjective, physiological, and behavioral responses to d-amphetamine. The study was double-blind and placebo-controlled. 381 healthy volunteers aged 18-35 years old received oral doses of d-amphetamine (10 and 20 mg) and placebo over the course of three different phenotyping sessions. A subset of subjects received a fourth dose of d-amphetamine (5 mg). Measures of subjective, cardiovascular and behavioral responses were obtained at regular intervals (pre-drug administration and 30, 60, 90, 150, and 180 minutes post-drug administration). The subjective measures included in the study were the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) and Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI). Tasks included were the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSST) and Stop Task.

  Study phs000832

• Forty-Five patient-derived xenografts capture the clinical and biological heterogeneity of Wilms tumor

  The lack of model systems has limited the preclinical testing of novel therapies for Wilms tumor (WT) patients who have poor outcomes. Herein, we established 45 heterotopic WT patient-derived xenografts (WTPDX) in CB17 scid-/- mice that capture the biological heterogeneity of Wilms tumor (WT). These WTPDX include 6 from patients with diffuse anaplasia, 9 from patients who later experienced disease relapse, and 13 from patients with bilateral disease. Early passage WTPDX showed enrichment of blastemal gene expression. Favorable histology WTPDX were chemosensitive, whereas unfavorable histology WTPDX were resistant to conventional chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin-D, and doxorubicin given singly or in combination. This WTPDX library is a unique scientific resource that retains the spectrum of biological heterogeneity present in WT and provides an essential tool to test novel targeted therapies in the era of precision medicine.

  Study EGAS00001003361

• Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses identify metabolic alterations and immune suppression in ovarian cancer

  The objective of this study is to identify metabolic alterations and related phenotypes specific to ovarian cancer by performing metabolomic analysis of plasma and tissue samples. In addition, transcriptomic analysis is conducted to investigate the relationship between metabolic status and immune-related gene expression. By integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic data, this study aims to clarify how metabolic reprogramming contributes to tumor progression and immune suppression, particularly the reduction of natural killer (NK) cell activity, in ovarian cancer.

  Study JGAS000831

• Timing chromosomal amplification events using patterns of somatic mutations in high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  This dataset included 19 paired diagnostic and remission samples with high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that were collected from four different cohorts: the Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Sweden. All samples were subjected to whole genome sequencing using the Illumina HiSeqX platform. Paired-end sequencing (2x150bp) was done to ~60x coverage for diagnostic samples and ~30x coverage for remission samples. The paired-end reads were aligned to the human reference genome GRCh37 (ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Homo_sapiens/all_assembly_versions/GCF_000001405.25_GRCh37.p13/GCF_000001405.25_GRCh37.p13_genomic.fna.gz) by the Burrows-Wheeler Aligner tool (version 0.7.17). Duplicate reads marking and local realignment were performed by GATK (version 4.0.11.0).

  Dataset EGAD00001010103

• A Phase 2 Study of Tipifarnib in Large Granular Lymphocyte (LGL) Leukemia

  LGL leukemia can be divided into three subsets including the following: αβ or γδT-LGL and NK-LGL leukemia. All three subtypes will be enrolled using a two-stage design. The primary endpoint of the study is assessment of overall clinical response. Correlative laboratory studies will be performed aimed at determining the mechanism of response to treatment. Thirteen participants will be accrued in the first stage at a dose of 300 mg BID administered intermittently every other week (i.e., 7 days on and 7 days off). If there are two or more responders, the protocol will be extended to a second stage of the study and accrual will be extended to 25 evaluable participants. Allowing for 10% rate of ineligibility due to unexpected events and dropout, we will accrue 14 patients in the first stage and 27 patients in total. Participants that withdraw from the study for reason unrelated to toxicity, will be replaced. There are two potential stopping rules for toxicity. If 3 or more participants out of the 13 enrolled in the first stage experiences grade IV neurotoxicity, the study will be stopped due to excessive toxicity. Dose reductions have been incorporated for hematologic toxicity. Treatment of T and NK LGL leukemia with immunosuppressive agents such as low-dose methotrexate generally require from four to six months for a clinical response and sometimes much longer. Therefore, in participants who show clinical improvement with less than grade three toxicity, tipifarnib treatment will be continued for as many as four additional months (12 months total). After the first 8 months, response will be assessed. The protocol treatment will be discontinued in participants with progression of disease. A long-term follow up will be performed for five years in patients that receive a complete clinical response. The long-term follow up will consist of vital signs, weight, CBCs, serum chemistries, and physical examination at six month intervals.

  Study phs000594

• Nanopore Sequencing in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability

  Nanopore whole-genome sequencing was performed on DNA from peripheral blood samples of 10 individuals with ASD and 10 sex- and age-matched non-autistic controls (NC). DNA preparation and sequencing was performed according to the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT; Oxford, UK) manual “Ligation Sequencing gDNA V14 - human sample (N50 30 kb) on PromethION (SQK-LSK114)” (version GDH_9174_v114_revF_10Nov2022) using ONT R10.4.1 PromethION flow cells. Sequencing was performed on an ONT PromethION 2 Solo using ONT MinKNOW software. Base and modification calling as well as alignment was performed with the ONT dorado basecalling software v0.5.3 using the model dna_r10.4.1_e8.2_400bps_hac@v4.2.0 and flag --modified-bases 5mCG_5hmCG with GenBank GCA_0000001405.15 (GRCh38) as reference sequence. This dataset contains the resulting modBAMs (.bam file format) sorted and indexed using samtools (Danecek et al., 2021) with indexes in bam.bai file format.

  Dataset EGAD50000002495

• Patient-tailored design for selective co-inhibition of leukemic cell subpopulations

  Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on bone marrow mononuclear cells of 2 acute myeloid leukemia patients at refractory stage. The profiling was performed using 10x Genomics Chromium Single Cell 3ʹ Gene Expression platform. The raw data are available as fastq files.

  Dataset EGAD00001006360

• Integrated Genomic Analyses of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphomas Reveal the Molecular Bases for Disease Heterogeneity

  Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a clinically diverse collection of lymphomas of the skin-homing T cell. In the present study, we performed DNA and RNA sequencing on a cohort of CTCLs with representative samples from varying disease subtypes and stages. We characterized the landscape of putative driver genes, identified genetic relationships between CTCLs across disease stages, and inferred molecular subtypes in patients with stage-matched leukemic disease. Collectively, our findings clarify CTCL genetics and provide novel insights into pathways that drive diverse disease phenotypes. DNA and RNA sequencing was performed on 114 and 96 samples respectively. Tumor samples were obtained from University of Chicago (Chicago, IL), Northwestern University (Chicago, IL) and Yale University (New Haven, CT). 

  Study phs002456

• Whole genome sequencing of human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from 5 type I cyctic biliary atresia patients

  We have successfully generated a panel of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from five Japanese patients carrying type I cystic biliary atresia (BA). These hiPSC lines have exhibited characteristics of self-renewal and pluripotency. These cells held normal karyotypes mostly, but one of them carried hemizygous deletions, of which clinical significance is unknown yet. Whole genome sequence analysis indicated that some of the mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) commonly found in these patients are related to hepatobiliary abnormality. Given the limited understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cystic BA, attributed to unknown factors of genetic and environmental causes, these cellular resources will be instrumental in replicating disease phenotypes and in the advancement of novel therapies for this condition.

  Study JGAS000765

• Multimodal cell-free DNA whole-genome TAPS is sensitive and reveals specific cancer signals

  This study presents a methodology for detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) using deep whole-genome TET-Assisted Pyridine Borane Sequencing (TAPS), a less destructive alternative to bisulphite sequencing. The method enables simultaneous analysis of genomic and methylomic data for multi-cancer detection and monitoring minimal residual disease. In a diagnostic accuracy study across various cancer types, it achieved 85.3% sensitivity and 88.8% specificity, with validation done using matched tumour biopsies. Additionally, in silico validation showed strong discrimination at low ctDNA levels. The approach also successfully tracks tumour burden and ctDNA shedding from precancerous lesions post-treatment, making it ready for further clinical testing.

  Study EGAS50000000715

• Autozygosity pilot - Born in Bradford (2017-05-11)

  The offspring of first cousin marriages have ~6% of their genome autozygous, i.e. homozygous identical by descent, or even more if there was further consanguinity in their ancestry. In the UK there are large populations with very high first cousin marriage rates of 20-50%. Sequencing the exomes of a sample of these individuals has the potential both to support genetic health programmes in these populations, and to provide genetic research information about rare loss of function mutations. This pilot study based on existing cohort samples from the Born In Bradford study will identify homozygous individuals for almost all variants down to an allele frequency around 1%, plus individuals carrying hundreds of new homozygous rare loss-of-function variants, and will support development of community relations and ethics for a wider study currently being designed. The data deposited in the EGA consist of low coverage whole exome sequencing on these samples. This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2017-05-11.

  Dataset EGAD00001003329

• Variant calling dataset from the whole-exome study of CIRdb in the Canary Islands

  Sequence reads were obtained from a set of 920 unrelated individuals from the CIRdb using Illumina paired-end reads, at the Institute of Technology and Renewable Energy (ITER). Briefly, we used bcl2fastq v2.18 to perform sample demultiplexing and BWA-MEM v0.7.15 (https://github.com/lh3/bwa) to align reads to GRCh37/hg19 reference. Resulting BAM files were assessed with SAMtools v1.3 (http://www.htslib.org) and Picard v2.10.10 (https://broadinstitute.github.io/picard/) for quality control steps. Small insertions/deletions (< 50 bp) and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified using an in-house bioinformatics pipeline based on GATK HaplotypeCaller v3.8 (https://gatk.broadinstitute.org/hc/en-us/articles/360037225632-HaplotypeCaller). This pipeline follows the Best Practices recommendations for germline variant calling and its description is publicly available (https://github.com/genomicsITER/benchmarking/tree/master/WES).

  Dataset EGAD50000002484

• Comprehensive Genomic Characterization of Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma

  Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) is a rare, female-predominant cancer driven by a fusion between the TFE3 gene on chromosome Xp11.2 and a partner gene on either chrX or an autosome. It remains unknown what types of rearrangements underlie TFE3 fusions, whether fusions can arise from both the active (chrXa) and inactive X (chrXi) chromosomes, and whether TFE3 fusions from chrXi translocations account for the female predominance of tRCC. To address these questions, we performed haplotype-specific analyses of chrX rearrangements in tRCC whole genomes. We show that TFE3 fusions universally arise as reciprocal translocations and that oncogenic TFE3 fusions can arise from chrXi:autosomal translocations. Female-specific chrXi:autosomal translocations result in a 2:1 female-to-male ratio of TFE3 fusions involving autosomal partner genes and account for the female predominance of tRCC. Our results highlight how X chromosome genetics uniquely constrains somatic chrX alterations and underlies cancer sex differences.This version of the dbGaP study provides a comprehensive set of whole genome data and tables with clinical information collected for the 16 patients (15 pateints as tRCC and 1 patient as ccRCC) in the study cohort. The data also contains 12 RNA-seq samples used in the study and analyses. We anticipate that this data will considerably advance our molecular and genetic understanding of oncogenic translocations in TFE3-tRCC involving inactive chromosome X and its role in cancer sex bias.

  Study phs003008

• Evaluation of protocols for rRNA depletion-based RNA sequencing of nanogram inputs of mammalian total RNA

  Next generation RNA-Sequencing (RNA-seq) is a flexible approach that can be applied to e.g. global quantification of transcript expression, the characterization of RNA structure such as splicing patterns and profiling of expressed mutations. Many RNA-seq protocols require up to microgram levels of total RNA input amounts to generate high quality data, and thus remain impractical for the limited starting material amounts typically obtained from rare cell populations, such as those from early developmental stages or from laser micro-dissected clinical samples. Here, we present an assessment of the contemporary ribosomal RNA depletion-based protocols, and identify those that are suitable for inputs as low as 1-10 ng of intact total RNA and 100-500 ng of partially degraded RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.

  Dataset EGAD00001005316

• Whole Exome Sequencing of DNA from Pre-and Post-Chemotherapy Needle Biopsies of Triple Negative and Inflammatory Breast Cancers Enrolled in the S0800 Trial

  Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the somatic mutation landscape of breast tumors before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The data includes whole exome sequencing of pre- and post- tissues that were collected in the context of an already published clinical trial SWOG S0800 (ZA Nahleh et al. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 158:485-495, 2016). The trial compared the efficacy of sequential nab-paclitaxel followed or preceded by doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide anthracycline chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab as preoperative therapy for stage II-III breast cancer. Experimental Design: 29 pre-treatment biopsies and 9 matching post-treatment surgically resected cancer tissues were available for analysis and were subjected to whole exome sequencing to identify mutational patterns associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The 9 paired samples with residual invasive cancer after therapy were also analyzed to assess changes in mutational patterns in response to therapy. No matching normal tissues were available for germline sequencing and therefore we used n&#61;7 post-treatment breast tissues without residual cancer (i.e. complete eradication of cancer by therapy) as a normal cohort to facilitate somatic variant calling.Conclusion: These results suggest that genomic disturbances in BRCA-related DNA repair mechanisms, reflected by a dominant mutational signature 3, confer increased chemotherapy sensitivity. Cancers that survive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, frequently have alterations in cell cycle regulating genes but different genes are affected in different patients.

  Study phs001883

• Molecular Characterization for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC)

  Total RNA was isolated from 50 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) specimens using the RecoverAll Total Nucleic Acid Isolation kit (Ambion). Tumor RNA libraries were prepared with 200ng RNA using the Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA kit with Ribo-Zero Gold, and sequenced with &gt;80 million 100 bp paired-end reads.

  Dataset EGAD00001009047

• Molecular and Clonal Evolution in Recurrent Metastatic Gliosarcoma

  We present a rare case of a 37-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with IDH wild-type gliosarcoma in the frontal lobe and later developed two local recurrences and extracranial metastases to the vertebral and pelvic bones. In order to understand the clonal relationships between the four tumor instances and the origin of metastasis, we performed whole genome sequencing of the intracranial tumors and the tumor located in the right iliac bone. Mutational and copy number profile comparisons of the metastatic to intracranial tumors highlighted a high similarity in molecular profile, but contrasting evidence regarding the origin of the metastasis. Subclonal reconstruction suggested a parallel evolution of the recurrent tumors, and that the metastatic tumor was largely derived from the first recurrence. We conclude that metastasis in glioma can be a late event in tumorigenesis.

  Study EGAS00001004076

• Differential Presence of Exons in Cell-Free DNA Reveals Different Patterns in Colorectal Cancer Between Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Patients

  Tumor genotyping during disease follow-up is gaining an increasing interest for monitoring and clinical management in colorectal cancer (CRC). Growing evidences suggest that single biopsies are inefficient for molecular profiling, due to clonal evolution and intratumoral heterogeneity of primary tumors and/or metastasis. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) has emerged as an alternative source of genetic material that seems to be representative of the continuously changing tumor molecular features. Thus, the so-called 'liquid biopsy' also offers the additional advantages of accessibility and non-invasiveness for the patient. Novel strategies based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cfDNA are being currently developed, with most studies focusing on targeted deep sequencing panels of potential clinically actionable genes. Here we describe an alternative approach, consisting of exome-sequencing in cfDNA at a relatively shallower depth to provide a more general overview of the circulating genome. In this study, two groups of colorectal cancer patients, with either disseminated (M) or localized disease (N), were compared using whole-exome sequencing and a RNA-seq bioinformatics analysis pipeline. Thus, a set of 379 exons present at different levels in cfDNA from both groups were identified, giving rise to a completely new concept in this field, termed as 'Differential Presence of Exons'. Differentially present exons (DPEs) were subsequently used for M and N patients clustering and classification, allowing for the design of a predictive algorithm with encouraging preliminary results in a small subset of patients that could not be initially classified attending to the selection criteria (U group, unassignable).

  Study EGAS00001002687