7154 results for "canc*"

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• Bone marrow breakout lesions act as key sites for tumor-immune cell diversification and exhaustion in multiple myeloma

  Multiple myeloma is a disease characterized by the expansion of cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow. The bone marrow microenvironment plays a pivotal role in supporting myeloma growth and modulating tumor immunity. As the disease progresses, myeloma cells may become independent of the bone marrow environment, leading to extramedullary disease associated with poor prognosis. However, the early processes associated with bone marrow independence and its implications for disease and immune control remain poorly understood. Here, we employed comprehensive single-cell and spatial mapping to identify the disruption of the cortical bone and subsequent expansion of myeloma cells in breakout lesions as a key event in multiple myeloma pathogenesis and tumor immunity. Breakout lesions harbor an adapted niche and a unique immune microenvironment conferred by sustained immune-tumor interactions. In particular, tumor-reactive T cells with a highly exhausted phenotype, alongside unique NK cell and macrophage subtypes, specifically expanded in breakout lesions. Spatially-resolved genomic, transcriptomic and cellular analyses uncovered extensive intra-lesion heterogeneity, suggesting a divergent co-evolution of genomic variation and locally confined T cell responses in distinct subregions. Ultra-high plex imaging revealed that tumor-reactive T cells, together with other immune-regulatory cells and dendritic cells, co-expand and exhaust upon sustained tumor interactions in locally confined immune islands. In contrast, immune-regulatory macrophage and NK cell subsets operate spatially separated within myeloma cell deserts. Jointly, our analyses uncover bone marrow breakout lesions as a hotspot for tumor-immune cell interactions, diversification and exhaustion, representing a key event in myeloma pathogenesis with significant therapeutic implications.

  Study EGAS50000000304

• Molecular correlates for HPV-negative head and neck cancer engraftment prognosticate patient outcomes

  Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors were sampled from 88 patients. Samples were implanted subcutaenously into the flank of NOD/SCID/IL2R-/- mice. Mice were then monitored weekly for tumor growth and the time of initial palpation was recorded. Mice were euthanized when tumors reached 15 mm in diameter or after 6 months. If no tumor formed by 6 months, the patient tumor was defined as Non-engrafter (N). RNA-seq was performed on all primary tumor samples and successfully engrafted patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples.

  Study EGAS50000000714

• Molecular biomarkers in progression from refractory celiac disease to the lethal cancer variety enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma (EATL)

  Enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma (EATL) is frequently preceded by a state of refractoriness to the gluten-free diet, called “refractory celiac disease” or RCD. We aim to study which mutations and copy number aberrations are already manifest in RCD and to identify differences between RCD patients that do, and do not, develop EATL. We have applied whole exome sequencing to detect mutations and copy number aberration predictive for progression from RCD to EATL.

  Study EGAS00001006669

• Patient-derived models of primary breast cancer for preclinical development of novel neoadjuvant therapies

  Generation of the first large-scale cohort of mouse intraductal patient-derived xenograft (MIND-PDX) models of primary invasive breast cancer (IBC) and a collection of matched PDX-derived organoids (PDXO) representing all molecular subtypes of IBC, including estrogen receptor (ER-) positive breast cancer. Furthermore, we show that our IBC-MIND cohort can serve as a platform to test experimental neoadjuvant treatment options in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer.

  Study EGAS50000000398

• WES IDC samples

  PDX samples of breast cancer IDC mouse models created from patient tumor material of the NKI. Genomescan prepared the samples according to the procedure for Hybridization Capture using the Agilent SureSelectXT Human All Exon V7 kit. The prepared libraries were sequenced with Illumina sequencing technology. The samples are in fastq format and consist of the following PDX samples: IDC001, IDC125, IDC147, IDC200, IDC233, IDC244, IDC251, IDC272, IDC278, IDC281 and ILC120.

  Dataset EGAD50000001148

• PanelSeq IDC samples

  PDX samples of breast cancer IDC mouse models created from patient tumor material of the NKI. Genomescan prepared the samples according to the procedure for Hybridization Capture using an Agilent SureSelect custom 0.5-2.9Mb kit. The prepared libraries were sequenced with Illumina sequencing technology. The samples are in fastq format and consist of the following PDX samples: IDC025, IDC026, IDC029, IDC031, IDC032, IDC038, IDC057, IDC062, IDC065, IDC069, IDC072, IDC090B, IDC092, IDC097, IDC099, IDC107, IDC113, IDC117, IDC143, IDC152, IDC159A, IDC159B, IDC180, IDC186, IDC192, IDC197, IDC198, IDC207, IDC209, IDC216, IDC218, IDC222, IDC229, IDC232, IDC274, IDC282, IDC290, IDC299, IDC307, IDC338, IDC344, IDC346, ILC006, ILC012, ILC083 and ILC248.

  Dataset EGAD50000001149

• Count Me In (CMI): The Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) Project (CMI-MBCproject)

  Count Me In - The Metastatic Breast Cancer Project: A Patient-Driven Research Initiative to Accelerate Metastatic Breast Cancer Research The Metastatic Breast Cancer Project is a research study that directly engages patients with metastatic breast cancer via social media and advocacy groups and empowers them to accelerate cancer research by sharing their samples and clinical information. Our goal is to create a publicly available dataset of genomic, molecular, clinical, and patient-reported data to enable research. Patients in the US or Canada may register online. Registered patients are sent an online consent form that asks for permission to obtain and analyze their medical records, tumor tissue, saliva, and blood samples. Once enrolled, patients are sent a saliva kit and asked to mail back a saliva sample, which is used to extract germline DNA. Study staff contact participants' medical providers and obtain medical records and a portion of their stored tumor biopsies. Patients may be asked to mail in a blood sample, which is used to extract cell free DNA (cfDNA). Whole exome sequencing (WES) is performed on tumor DNA, germline DNA, and cfDNA; transcriptome sequencing is performed on tumor RNA. Clinically annotated genomic data are used to study specific patient cohorts (including outliers) and to identify mechanisms of response and resistance to therapies. All de-identified data, including genomic, clinical, and patient-reported data, are shared via public databases on a pre-publication and recurring basis as it is generated. The latest data release in cBioPortal is available here. Study updates are shared with participants regularly.

  Study phs001709

• Exome Recapture and Sequencing of Prospectively Characterized Clinical Specimens From Cancer Patients

  The study cohort comprises samples from patients whose tumors have been prospectively characterized as part of their care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. This includes a variety of distinct tumor type and molecular subtypes.

  Study phs001783

• Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Rare Solid Tumors

  This phase Ib/II single-arm study evaluated atezolizumab + bevacizumab for patients with treatment-refractory metastatic HPV+ anal cancer. The primary endpoint was best overall response, and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety/tolerability. Paired tissue biopsies were collected in patients before treatment and at the time of first restaging and analyzed for whole-exome sequencing, RNAseq (Bulk), and multiplex immunofluorescence. The overall response rate among 20 patients was 10%. WES and RNAseq data are provided here.

  Study phs003845

• Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI): Pediatric In Vivo Testing Program - Neuroblastoma

  The goal of NCI's Pediatric In Vivo Testing Consortium (PIVOT) is to advance the development of effective treatments for pediatric cancers through preclinical in vivo testing of novel therapeutic agents. To design impactful experiments that can be rapidly translated to the clinic, PIVOT investigators require comprehensive genomic characterization of the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models used across the consortium. This robust experimental design enhances collaboration with industry partners by providing proof-of-concept data for drugs in development. As part of this effort, neuroblastoma PDX models are being molecularly characterized to identify promising therapeutic candidates. The molecular profiling includes whole exome sequencing (WES), RNA-seq, MethylEPIC array, CytoSNP array, and DNA fingerprinting for quality control. Additionally, demographic and clinical data (e.g., diagnosis, disease site, disease status) are shared. These characterized PDX models, matched with patient tumors, guide model selection for preclinical drug testing.

  Study phs003163