7239 results for "canc*"

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• Clonal dynamics of normal haematopoiesis across the human lifespan

  Age-related loss of function in the human haematopoietic system is well documented, manifesting as reduced regenerative capacity, age-related cytopenias and immune dysfunction. However, the cellular and population level changes that underpin both this functional decline and the increased risk of clonal haematopoiesis and blood cancer in the elderly remain elusive. Here we performed whole genome sequencing on >3350 single haematopoietic stem cell / multipotent progenitors (HSC/MPP) derived colonies across 10 haematologically normal subjects aged 0 to 81. We found that HSC/MPPs accumulated 17 single nucleotide variants per year post birth and had a reduction in telomere length of 50bp per year throughout young adult life. We reconstructed phylogenies of the sampled HSC/MPPs to interrogate changes in clonal dynamics through life. Haematopoiesis in adults aged less than 65 was predominantly polyclonal, with few known driver mutations. In contrast, individuals aged over 75 displayed a profound change in clonal structure, with frequent clonal expansions, many unexplained by known driver mutations. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations revealed widespread positive selection, estimating around 1000 driver mutations in the dataset (10-fold more than the number of known drivers). We identified novel genes ZNF318 and HIST2H3D as being under positive selection, despite not being enriched in myeloid malignancies. Our data show that HSC clonal dynamics is more complex than previously thought. One implication is that by old age, the majority of HSCs carry at least one of a number of largely undescribed driver mutations, which may underlie aspects of their functional decline.

  Dataset EGAD00001007851

• Raw RNA-seq data for clinical efficacy and biomarker analysis of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in operable urothelial carcinoma in the ABACUS trial

  ABACUS is a single arm phase 2 study that investigated 2 cycles of atezolizumab (1200mg Q3) prior to cystectomy in 95 patients with muscle invasive transitional cell cancer (T2-4N0M0). Pathological complete response (pCR) occurring in ≥20% of patients was the primary endpoint. Biomarker analysis on sequential tissue was a co-primary endpoint. This dataset includes the raw RNA-seq data.

  Dataset EGAD00001006205

• WES melanoma biopsies (UV1-hTERT-mm)

  The dataset contains phenotypes of 14 melanoma biopsies sequenced in connection with the study UV1-hTERT-mm, where the thereapeutic cancer vaccine UV1 is combined with ipilimumab in treatment of melanoma patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001007648

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a colon cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a colon cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005826

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a chondrosarcoma patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a chondrosarcoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005848

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005850

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a malignant epithelial mesothelioma (THR) patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a malignant epithelial mesothelioma (THR) patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005877

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a thyroid hurthle cell carcinoma patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a thyroid hurthle cell carcinoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005891

• ScRNA-seq of 6 human FL

  Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent cancer of mature B-cells but carries increased risk of transformation to a more aggressive histology over time. We present here comprehensive profiling both tumor and immune compartments in 6 diagnostic FL biopsies by single-cell RNA sequencing. This confirmed results from 155 FL tumors characterized by mass cytometry (CyTOF) which revealed two distinct evolutionary trajectories with disparate risk of transformation and alternate biologies.

  Dataset EGAD00001007691

• Elevated somatic mutation burdens in normal human cells due to defective DNA polymerases

  Mutation accumulation over time in normal somatic cells contributes to cancer development and is proposed as a cause of ageing. DNA polymerases POLE and POLD1 replicate DNA with high fidelity during normal cell divisions. However, in some cancers defective proofreading due to acquired mutations in the exonuclease domains of POLE or POLD1 causes markedly elevated somatic mutation burdens with distinctive mutational signatures. POLE and POLD1 exonuclease domain mutations also cause familial cancer predisposition when inherited through the germline. Here, we sequenced normal tissue DNA from individuals with germline POLE or POLD1 exonuclease domain mutations. Increased mutation burdens with characteristic mutational signatures were found to varying extents in all normal adult somatic cell types examined, during early embryogenesis and in sperm. Mutation burdens were further markedly elevated in neoplasms from these individuals. Thus human physiology is able to tolerate ubiquitously elevated mutation burdens. Indeed, with the exception of early onset cancer, individuals with germline POLE and POLD1 exonuclease domain mutations are not reported to show abnormal phenotypic features, including those of premature ageing. The results, therefore, do not support a simple model in which all features of ageing are attributable to widespread cell malfunction directly resulting from somatic mutation burdens accrued during life.

  Dataset EGAD00001006212