12339 results for "cancer rna-seq"

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• LCM-ATACseq on human lung macrophages

  In this study we employed Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) for the multimodal profiling of lung macrophages cell populations as a function of location within the healthy tissue. In detail, macrophage mini-bulks (~100 cells) were collected from 4 healthy human donors in 5 different locations of the airways (a total of 20 biopsies), including parenchyma (L1 – lower left lobe (LLL); L6 – 80% distance from LLL tip), trachea (L2), bronchi (L3 – 1st/2nd generation; L5 – 3rd/4th generation), and processed for ATAC-seq.

  Dataset EGAD00001008693

• University of Michigan Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research (CSER)

  Overview. The personalization of therapy for cancer will require molecular characterization of unique and shared genetic aberrations. In particular, patients who have a sarcoma or other rare cancers and are candidates for clinical trials could potentially benefit by identifying eligibility for "targeted" drugs based on the "actionable" genes in their specific tumor. Growing technological advances in genomic sequencing has now made it possible to consider the use of sequence data in a clinical setting. For instance, comprehensive testing that includes whole exome and transcriptome sequencing may identify biomarkers for predictive or prognostic purposes and thereby inform treatment choices and prevention strategies. Thus, the translation of high throughput next generation sequencing would support a "personalized" strategy for cancer. However, the translation of clinical sequencing bears unique challenges including identifying patients who could benefit, developing informed consent and human subjects protections, outlining measurable outcomes, interpreting what results should be reported and validated, and how results should be reported. In addition, we know very little about how patients and clinicians will respond to the potentially confusing and overwhelming amount of information generated by genomic sequencing, and we lack model processes for clinically evaluating and presenting these data. For the promise of our innovative biotechnologies to be realized, "translational genomics" research that evaluates genomic applications within real-world clinical settings will be required. This proposal brings together expertise at the University of Michigan including clinical oncology, cancer genetics, genomic science/bioinformatics, clinical pathology, social and behavioral sciences, and bioethics in order to implement this clinical cancer sequencing project. Three integrated Projects have the following themes: Project 1) "Clinical Genomic Study" will identify patients with a rare cancer (i.e., 15 out of 100,000 individuals per year) who are eligible for clinical trials, consent them to the study, obtain biospecimens (tumor tissue, germline tissue), store clinical data, and assemble a multi-disciplinary Sequencing Tumor Board to deliberate on return of actionable or incidental genomic results; Project 2) "Sequencing & Analysis" will process biospecimens and perform comprehensive sequencing and analysis of tumors to identify point mutations, copy number changes, rearrangements/gene fusions, and aberrant gene expression; Project 3) "Ethics & Psychosocial Analysis" will observe the expert review process for evaluating sequence results and will examine the clinician and patient response to the informed consent process, delivery of genomic sequence results, and use of genomic results.

  Study phs000673

• Platinum Pedigree Consortium Long-Read Sequencing

  Platinum Pedigree Consortium includes whole genome sequencing of blood-derived DNA using five technologies on a 4-generation family. This is the CEPH-Utah (CEU) family 1463 and includes 4 grandparents from 1st generation, 2 parents from 2nd generation, 5 children from 3rd generation, 9 individuals from the 4th generation representing 2 branches of the 3rd generation, and their 2 additional parents. Family was not selected for disease, rather large size to study genetic transmission and human variation.Data available through dbGaP include raw sequence data: PacBio HiFi reads in unaligned BAM formats, Ultra-Long Oxford Nanopore (ONT) reads in FASTQ formats, Illumina sequencing, strand-seq and Element sequencing data in FASTQ format. Additionally, alignment files for HiFi reads mapped to the GRCh38 and CHM13v2.0 reference genomes, as well as de novo genome assemblies generated for this project are included.

  Study phs003793

• Single Cell DNA Methylation Analysis for Forensic Epigenetics

  As part of the Epigenetic CHaracterization and Observation (ECHO) program, the Genomic Analysis Laboratory at the Salk Institute generated the DNA methylation profiles of certain PBMC cell types to determine the change in methylation levels before, during or after exposure to certain biological or chemical agents. Samples from individuals who either handled anthrax in controlled environments or who tested positive to MRSA, MSSA, HIV, COVID-19 or exposed to Flu virus or organophosphates, or control samples were used in single-nucleus methylation (snmC-seq) assays to quantify DNA methylation levels of cytosine residues of the DNA. Around 5-10% cytosine sites were sampled in the assay. Using computational analyses, regions in the genome differentially methylated in response to the exposure were identified. This information can be used to develop diagnostic tools to predict the type of infection or time since exposure.

  Study phs003204

• Multimodal epigenetic sequencing analysis of cell-free DNA identifies biomarkers for ALS diagnosis and progression

  The role of the circulating epigenome in ALS remains understudied. We aim to develop diagnostic and prognostic blood-based biomarkers for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) by profiling methylome signatures in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in 20 sporadic ALS cases, 10 C9orf72-associated ALS cases, 10 asymptomatic C9orf72 expansion carriers, and 21 healthy controls using targeted enzymatic methyl-sequencing (EM-seq) of ~4 million CpG loci. We detected numerous differentially methylated genes, including several implicated in ALS risk and pathobiology, and integrated multiple epigenetic features with our Multimodal Epigenetic Sequencing Analysis (MESA) algorithm, achieving an ROC AUC of 0.91 and detecting ~70% of ALS cases at ~100% specificity. Methylation at a subset of loci also correlated with clinical progression and cerebrospinal-fluid neurofilament levels, supporting the potential of cfDNA-based biomarkers for ALS diagnosis and monitoring.

  Study EGAS50000001267

• An integrated single-cell reference atlas of the human endometrium

  This dataset includes both the anchor scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq datasets used to build the Human Endometrial Cell Atlas (HECA). HECA provides a comprehensive definition of endometrial cell types and states throughout the menstrual cycle in donor with and without endometriosis. It identifies consensus cell types across datasets generated by teams worldwide, as well as previously unreported cell types, all of which are validated and mapped in situ using spatial transcriptomics. Processed data is available from ArrayExpress with accession number E-MTAB-14039. See Marečková, M., Garcia-Alonso, L., Moullet, M. et al. An integrated single-cell reference atlas of the human endometrium. Nat Genet 56, 1925–1937 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-024-01873-w for more information.

  Dataset EGAD00001015446

• H3K27ac ChIP-seq in primary inflammatory macrophages from 2 minor allele homozygotes and 2 major allele homozygotes at rs2836882

  This dataset consists of H3K27ac ChIP-sequencing in inflammatory (TPP) macrophages from 2 minor allele homozygotes and 2 major allele homozygotes at rs2836882. Monocytes were positively selected from PBMC using CD14 Microbeads and inflammatory macrophage differentiation performed using conditions that model chronic inflammation (TPP): 3 days GM-CSF (50ng/mL) followed by 3 days GM-CSF, TNFa (50ng/mL), PGE2 (1mg/mL), and Pam3CSK4 (1mg/mL). After harvesting, cells were cross-linked, quenched, lysed, and sheared. Immunoprecipitation of histone-DNA complexes was performed overnight at 4C with rotation using an anti-H3K27ac antibody and the SimpleChIP Plus Sonication ChIP kit (Cell Signaling Technology). Following reverse cross-linking, 50ng of immunoprecipitated DNA or input DNA were used to prepare sequencing libraries using the iDeal Library Preparation kit (Diagenode), according to manufacturer instructions. 10 PCR cycles were used for the amplification step and size selection was not performed. The quality and molarity of all libraries was assessed using a BioAnalyzer 2100 (Agilent) and the libraries were sequenced in pools of 8, with each pool being sequenced in 2 lanes of an Illumina HiSeq2500 high output flow-cell (50bp, single-end reads). Raw data are provided as raw and aligned single-end sequencing reads from H3K27ac-bound DNA and the input chromatin. Raw reads were trimmed using Trim Galore and aligned to the reference human genome (hg19) using Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (v0.7.12) with default parameters. Aligned reads were converted to BAM files, sorted, and technical duplicates merged before indexing – all using SAMtools (v1.4). PCR duplicates were identified using Picard tools (v2.18.1) and removed together with unmapped reads using SAMtools (v1.4). The resulting BAM files were re-sorted and indexed after filtering.

  Dataset EGAD00001011351

• Characterization of individual foci of multicentric/multifocal breast cancer using targeted next generation sequencing

  Multifocality or multicentricity in breast cancer may be defined as the presence of two or more tumor foci within a single quadrant of the breast or within different quadrants of the same breast, respectively. This original classification of the breast cancer as multicentric or multifocal was based on the assumption that cancers arising in the same quadrant were more likely to arise from the same ductal structures than those occurring in separate areas of the breast. The problem with these definitions is that the ?quadrants? of the breast are arbitrary external designations, as no internal boundaries do exist. This project will therefore focus both on synchronous multifocal and multicentric tumors. The incidence of multifocal and multicentric breast cancers was reported to be between 13 and 75% depending on the definition used, the extent of the pathologic sampling of the breast and whether in situ disease is considered evidence of multicentricity (1). Although this incidence is variable, those figures show that it is a frequent phenomenon. Multiple (multifocal/multicentric) breast carcinomas, especially when occurring in the same breast, represent a real challenge for both pathologists and clinicians in terms of identifying the cellular origin and the best therapeutic management of the cancer. Multifocality or multicentricity has been associated with a number of more aggressive features including an increased rate of regional lymph node metastases and adverse patient outcome when compared with unifocal tumors (2-3), and a possible increased risk of local recurrence following breast conserving surgery (4). For the moment, the literature is divided on whether there is a corresponding impact on survival outcomes. Today, the current convention to stage and to treat multifocal and multicentric tumors is the classical tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging guidelines with which tumor size is assessed by the largest tumor focus without taking other foci of disease into consideration. If some papers, as the recent one from Lynch and colleagues, support the current staging convention (3), others, however, as Boyages et al. suggested that aggregate size and not the size of the largest lesion should be considered in order to refine the prognostic assessment of those tumors (5). On the top of that, the question whether multifocal/multicentric carcinomas are due to the spread of a single carcinoma throughout the breast or is due to multiple carcinomas arising simultaneously has been a matter of debate. Some studies suggested that multifocal breast cancer may result from either intramammary spread from a single primary tumor or multiple synchronous primary tumors; whereas others suggest that multiple breast carcinomas always arise from the same clone (6-8). Recently, Pietri and colleagues analyzed the biological characterization of a series of 113 multifocal/multicentric breast cancers (8) which were diagnosed over a 5-year period. The expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors, Ki-67 proliferative index, expression of HER2 and tumor grading were prospectively determined in each tumor focus, and mismatches among foci were recorded. Mismatches in ER status were present in 5 (4.4%) cases and PgR in 18 (15.9%) cases. Mismatches in tumor grading were present in 21 cases (18.6%), proliferative index (Ki-67) in 17 (15%) cases and HER2 status in 11 (9.7%) cases. Interestingly, this heterogeneity among foci has led to 14 (12.4%) patients receiving different adjuvant treatments compared with what would have been indicated if we had only taken into account the biologic status of the primary tumor. This study therefore showed that differences in biological characteristics of multifocal/multicentric lesions play a crucial role in the adjuvant treatment decision making process. In this study, we will concentrate on a larger series of patients with multifocal invasive ductal breast cancer lesions. We aim at: 1. Evaluating the incidence of multifocality according to the different breast cancer molecular subtypes (ER-/HER2-, HER2+, ER+/HER2-). 2. Evaluating the incidence of multifocality in patients with hereditary breast cancer disease (presence of germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations). Moreover, we would like to investigate if multifocal lesions with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations exhibit a characteristic combination of substitution mutation signatures and a distinctive profile of deletions as demonstrated recently by Nik-Zainal and colleagues (9). 3. Correlating multifocality with clinical information in order to define its influence on patients? survival (DFS and OS). 4. Carrying high coverage targeted gene sequencing of driver cancer genes and genes whose mutation is of therapeutic importance in order to compare clinically-relevant genetic differences between several multifocal breast cancer lesions. 5. Evaluating the impact of the distance between the different lesions on the clinical outcome but also on the genetic differences. 6. Comparing gene expression patterns between several multifocal breast cancer lesions and correlate them with the results of the targeted genes screen. 7. Characterizing the genomic and transcriptomic status of cancer related genes in metastatic lesions (local recurrence, positive lymph node or distant metastatic sites) from the same multifocal invasive ductal breast cancer patients in order to evaluate the consequence of genomic and transcriptomic heterogeneity of multifocal lesions on metastatic lesions. Multiple (multifocal/multicentric) breast carcinomas, especially when occurring in the same breast, represent a real challenge for both pathologists and clinicians in terms of identifying the cellular origin and the best therapeutic choice. This project has the potential to identify genetic/transcriptomic differences existing between several lesions constituting multifocal breast cancers, which in the routine clinical practice are usually considered to be homogeneous among them. We foresee validating significant results in a larger series of patients and this, in turn, could have a remarkable impact on the treatment and clinical management of multifocal breast cancers. Indeed, we hope to provide some evidence whether or not each focus matters in multifocal and multicentric breast cancer to define the adequate therapeutic approach, especially in the context of targeted therapies. The work to be done at Sanger will be target gene screen pooling of 1400 samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001000624

• Differential Presence of Exons in Cell-Free DNA Reveals Different Patterns in Colorectal Cancer Between Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Patients

  Dac EGAC00001000749

• The data access committee for Evolution of neoantigen landscape during immune checkpoint blockade in non-small cell lung cancer.

  Dac EGAC00001000757