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• Evolutionary landscape of clonal hematopoiesis in 3359 individuals from the general population

  This project contains longitudinal data for processed somatic variant calls and data on core phenotypic variables for 3359 community-based individuals ≥60 years, a sub-cohort of the population-based Lifelines cohort (167,729 participants). Cases with peripheral blood count abnormalities and population-based controls were included. Next-generation sequencing data were generated with a median time period of 43 months between baseline and follow-up visit. For 327 individuals a third visit sample was included. Error-corrected sequencing was performed using single-molecule tagged molecular inversion probes targeting 27 myeloid and lymphoid driver genes. The threshold for variant calling was set at ≥1% VAF and ≥10 consensus variant reads. Details on sample selection, sequencing technique, variant calling procedures and data curation are described (van Zeventer et al. 2023).

  Study EGAS00001007087

• High_powered_complex_trait_association_mapping_through_whole_genome_sequencing_of_a_selected_subpopulation_of_the_INGI_Val_Borbera_genetic_isolate

  The VBSEQ project aims to combine available extensive genetic and phenotypic data to the latest high-throughput genome sequencing technology and ad hoc statistical analysis to identify new rare genetic variants underlying complex traits. Up to 100 Val Borbera samples will be sequenced to a 6x depth.

  Study EGAS00001000398

• Single Cell Sequencing of Sperm (scSperm)

  The aim of this project is to genotype and sequence single spermatozoa from two men, one in his twenties and the other in his seventies. The resulting data is used to quantify the mutations that have arisen in the gametes of both individuals in order to better understand the effect of aging on mutation rates and modes.Project Outline. In order to quantify mutations, semen from two individuals are sequenced. 48 single sperm cells are isolated from each individual, and their DNA is extracted. The resulting genomes are amplified using PicoPlex, GenomiPhi MDA, Repli-G MDA, and MALBAC. QC step is applied to check the quality of WGA DNA using standard Sequenom plex (26 SNPs). A subset of 32 amplification products which pass the intiall QC, are genotyped using Affymetrix SNP6 chips. 12 of the genotyped amplification products are also sequenced. In addition, one multi-cell sample per individual is sequenced as a reference and for validation purposes.Altogether, 12 single cell sperm genomes and two multi-cell genomes are sequenced, coming to a total of 14 genomes. Of the single cell sperm genomes, 2 are sequenced to 50x coverage, and the other 10 to 25x coverage. Both multi-cell genomes are sequenced to 25x coverage.

  Dataset EGAD00001001216

• TARGET Trial Study Cohort

  In a randomized controlled clinical trial, investigators will compare the effects on [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) from two treatment regimens in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients deemed methotrexate inadequate responders (MTX-IRs). Two common RA treatments will be compared: triple therapy (sulfasalazine, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine) versus tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor (etanercept or adalimumab, plus background methotrexate for all subjects and hydroxychloroquine for subjects who were taking this at screening). Consenting subjects will be screened for eligibility and randomized to a treatment arm. Subjects will be randomized to a treatment arm with either synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) [triple therapy: sulfasalazine, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine] or biologic DMARDs [etanercept or adalimumab, plus background methotrexate for all subjects and hydroxychloroquine for subjects who were taking this at screening]. Once randomized, a baseline visit will be conducted with each subject. Baseline data collection includes questionnaires, disease activity score, and the first FDG-PET/CT imaging. After the baseline at week 0, subjects will visit with their rheumatologist at weeks 6, 12, 18, and 24 for safety labs and further collection of disease activity scores and questionnaires. The second FDG-PET/CT will be performed at week 24. Blood specimens will be collected at weeks 0, 6, 18, and 24 for bioassays. Subject participation will end after the week 24 visit. Patients and care providers will be unblinded. The FDG-PET/CT image readers will be blinded to treatment arm as well as timepoint of image acquisition.

  Study phs003720

• Discovery and Characterization of Genetic Risk Loci in Sjogren's Syndrome

  The Sjögren's Genetics Network (SGENE) is an international collaboration focused on identifying and understanding the genetic variations that influence Sjögren’s pathology. Collectively, SGENE collaborators from 26 different sites (5 in the United States; 21 in foreign countries) have recruited a large cohort of geographically diverse participants of European ancestry. Recruitment, sample collection, and genotyping were performed at unique SGENE sites in compliance with local institutional review board approval. High-density SNP genotyping data were collated by the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) and used to perform a GWAS of Sjögren's of European ancestry. Participants underwent extensive medical assessment for Sjögren's Syndrome using internationally accepted American-European Consensus Group (AECG) classification criteria or the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria. Data quality control, GWAS imputation using the Haplotype Reference Consortium, panel version 1.1, and dbGaP preparation/posting were performed at the OMRF. To facilitate research focused on understanding the genetics of Sjögren's syndrome, the Genomic Summary Results from this GWAS are being made available herein using a total of n=3232 Sjögren's cases and n=17,481 controls. A total of n=8962 controls were obtained from our SGENE collaborators or from our previous study (Lessard, et al. Nature Genetics 2013. PMID: 24097067). To achieve adequate case-to-control ratios for the GWAS analyses, population-based control GWAS data were also obtained from dbGaP (phs000428.v2.p2; phs000672.v1.p1; phs000196.v3.p1; phs000187.v1.p1). In accordance with IRB approval, subject consents, and data sharing restrictions, we are also making available the individual-level genotyping data for a subset of Sjögren's cases (n=1,199) that were genotyped at the OMRF.

  Study phs002723

• Study of Controlled Human Malaria Infections to Evaluate Protection After Intravenous or Intramuscular Administration of PfSPZ Vaccine in Malaria-Naive Adults

  The study was performed to evaluate whole-blood transcriptomic profiles via RNA-seq before, during, and after immunization with the PfSPZ Vaccine in malaria-naïve, health adults enrolled in VRC 314 (NCT02015091). VRC 314 was designed as an open-label evaluation of the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of the PfSPZ Vaccine. This study was designed to substantiate the initial results with the IV vaccination route for protection against CHMI that was observed in VRC 312 (NCT01441167). Based on the potential importance of dose and schedule in optimizing sustained immunity with this vaccine, an increase in PfSPZ IV dosage on schedules of 3 to 5 vaccinations was evaluated for protection against CHMI conducted early (about 3 weeks) and late (about 24 weeks) after completion of vaccinations. To assess if a higher dose given by another route confers protection, one group received PfSPZ IM, with half of the amount administered in each arm on a schedule with 4 vaccination. The primary objectives of the study were related to the safety and tolerability of vaccinations by the IV and IM routes of administration and protection against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) challenge performed via a well-established CHMI procedure early (2-4 weeks) after completing schedules of 3 to 5 vaccinations. The secondary objective was related to the durability of protection at 20-26 weeks after the last vaccination, and exploratory objectives were related to the immunogenicity of the PfSPZ Vaccine and identifying potential immune correlates of protection. To further determine potential molecular correlates of immunogenicity and/or protection, RNA-seq was performed on whole blood collected from subjects in all dose groups at time points before, during, and after immunization.

  Study phs002423

• Genomic platform specific polygenic risk scores impact breast cancer risk stratification

  Background: At present, there is no consensus on which genotyping platform should serve as the standard for clinical polygenic risk score (PRS) implementation. Previous studies have compared the overall performance and concordance of different genotyping and sequencing technologies; however, these analyses have generally averaged the results over the whole genome. We evaluated differences in a 313-variant breast cancer PRS (PRS313) across genomic platforms and their impact on risk stratification. Methods: We compare PRS313 derived from genotyping arrays (Global Screening Array [GSA], OncoArray-500K [OncoArray], Global Diversity Array [GDA], custom Axiom_PrecipV1 array [ThermoFisher]) and low-coverage genome sequencing (lc-WGS) in 2 cell lines and 92 individuals. Probes are designed for all variants on ThermoFisher (success rate: 259/313). Sanger sequencing profiles indels. Concordance of high-risk classification (PRS313scoresum > 0.6) across platforms is assessed using Kappa statistics. Results: In saliva samples, indel concordance with Sanger sequencing varies widely (Kappa: 0.007-1.000). PRS313-ThermoFisher is predictable from other platforms using linear models, despite systematic differences. Greater agreement is observed between arrays with high imputation overlap (e.g., GDA ~ GSA slope=0.986). Agreement in high-risk classification before mean correction is moderate (Fleiss's Kappa=0.552) and improves after mean correction (Kappa=0.650). Arrays with similar designs show higher agreement before mean correction (Kappa=0.745). Mean correction narrows high-risk proportions from 4-45% to 15-21%. Overall, 26 of 92 samples are classified as high risk on at least one platform, but only 7 are high risk across all. When restricting to identical variants across all platforms for PRS313 calculation, the corresponding number of high-risk individuals are 24 and 11. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that platform-specific variability can influence PRS313 estimates to potentially reclassify individuals around clinically relevant thresholds.

  Study EGAS00001008439

• Heart Failure Network: Entresto(TM) in Advanced Heart Failure (HFN-LIFE-BioLINCC)

  Data Access NOTE: Please refer to the "Authorized Access" section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions.Objectives: To compare treatment with sacubitril/valsartan versus valsartan alone in patients with advanced heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction and recent New York Heart Association class IV symptoms.Background: Treatment with evidence-based medical therapies improves survival, reduces heart failure hospitalizations, and improves quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. However, evidence supporting the use of medical therapies among patients with advanced heart failure is limited. Patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV heart failure are not often enrolled in clinical trials.A previous trial reported that, compared with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril, sacubitril/valsartan, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, reduced the relative risk of cardiovascular mortality and heart failure hospitalizations by 20% in ambulatory patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Although patients with NYHA class IV heart failure were eligible to enroll, this population was underrepresented. The HFN-LIFE trial was initiated to provide additional information about the tolerability, safety, and potential efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with advanced heart failure.Participants: Of the eligible patients that enrolled, a total of 335 patients tolerated the run-in phase and were randomized to a treatment group. 167 patients were randomly assigned to receive sacubitril/valsartan and 168 patients were randomly assigned to receive valsartan alone.Design: The HFN-LIFE trial was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind phase 4 clinical trial. Trial enrollment was suspended early, due to the high risk for adverse outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection.Eligible patients were enrolled and began an unblinded run-in period of 3 to 7 days with sacubitril/valsartan, 24/26 mg (50-mg fixed dose), administered orally twice daily. Participants tolerating the run-in phase were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to receive sacubitril/valsartan (target dose, 200 mg twice daily) or valsartan (target dose, 160 mg twice daily). The initial doses were selected based on guidelines with dose adjustments being made every 2 weeks.The primary efficacy outcome was the area under the curve of NT-proBNP levels at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks compared with the level of NT-proBNP at randomization. The secondary efficacy end point was the number of days the patient was alive, out of the hospital, and free from any of the following outcomes: listing for cardiac transplant, cardiac transplant, implantation of a left ventricular assist device, receipt of continuous inotropic therapy for 7 or more days, or hospitalization for heart failure on 2 or more occasions other than the index admission.Conclusions: In patients with chronic advanced heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction, there was no statistically significant difference between sacubitril/valsartan and valsartan alone with respect to reducing NT-proBNP levels.

  Study phs004171

• CIDR: Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism Case Control Study

  This is a case-control study of alcoholism, in which the subjects have been drawn from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), a large, ongoing family-based study that includes subjects from seven sites around the US. COGA has gathered detailed, standardized data on study participants, including diagnostic and neurophysiological assessments. This sample has already proved successful in identifying several genes that influence the risk for alcoholism and neurophysiological endophenotypes, which have been independently replicated. COGA data were included as part of two Genetic Analysis Workshops, and the phenotypes are familiar to the genetics community. Alcoholic probands were recruited from treatment facilities, assessed by personal interview, and after securing permission, other family members were also assessed. A set of comparison families was drawn from the same communities as the families recruited through an alcoholic proband. Assessment involved a detailed personal interview developed for this project, the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA), which gathers detailed information on alcoholism related symptoms along with other drugs and psychiatric symptoms. Many participants also came to the laboratories for electroencephalographic studies. Neurophysiological features that have been shown to be useful endophenotypes for which we have linkage and in some cases association results are included on a subset of the case-control sample: the beta power of the resting electroencephalogram (EEG), the P3(00) amplitude of the visual event-related potential (ERP), and the theta and delta event-related oscillations (EROs) underlying the P3 (See Porjesz et al., 2005; Porjesz and Rangaswamy, 2007 for reviews). A brief description of COGA is in Edenberg, H. J. (2002) The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism: an update. Alcohol Res Health 26, 214-218., Bierut, LJ, NL Saccone, JP Rice, A Goate, T Foroud, HJ Edenberg, L Almasy, PM Conneally, R Crowe, V Hesselbrock, T-K Li, JI Nurnberger, Jr, B Porjesz, MA Schuckit, J Tischfield, H Begleiter, and T Reich (2002) Defining alcohol-related phenotypes in humans: The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Alcohol Res Health 26, 208-213. Edenberg HJ and Foroud T (2006) The genetics of alcoholism: identifying specific genes through family studies. Addiction Biology 11, 386-396. This case-control sample of biologically unrelated individuals was drawn from COGA subjects. All cases meet DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence. Controls are individuals who have consumed alcohol, but did not meet any definition of alcohol dependence or alcohol abuse, nor did they meet any DSM-IIIR or DSM-IV definition of abuse or dependence for other drugs (except nicotine). All cases and controls have undergone identical clinical assessments. Many individuals in this case-control sample have not previously been genotyped. The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) has four Co-Principal Investigators: B. Porjesz, V. Hesselbrock, H. Edenberg, L. Bierut. COGA includes nine different centers where data collection, analysis, and storage take place. The nine sites and Principal Investigators and Co-Investigators are: University of Connecticut (V. Hesselbrock); Indiana University (H.J. Edenberg, J. Nurnberger Jr., T. Foroud); University of Iowa (S. Kuperman); SUNY Downstate (B. Porjesz); Washington University in St. Louis (L. Bierut, A. Goate, J. Rice); University of California at San Diego (M. Schuckit); Howard University (R. Taylor); Rutgers University (J. Tischfield); Southwest Foundation (L. Almasy). Q. Max Guo serves as the NIAAA Staff Collaborator. This national collaborative study is supported by the NIH Grant U10AA008401 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Funding support for genotyping, which was performed at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Inherited Disease Research, was provided by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the NIH GEI (U01HG004438),and the NIH contract "High throughput genotyping for studying the genetic contributions to human disease" (HHSN268200782096C). COGA has over 250 publications listed at www.niaaagenetics.org

  Study phs000125

• Are children born after medical assisted reproduction at greater risk of having an increased de novo mutation rate?

  Introduction: De novo mutations (DNMs) play a prominent role in sporadic disorders with reduced fitness such as infertility and intellectual disability. Advanced paternal age is known to increase disease risk in offspring by increasing the number of DNMs in their genome. Less is known about the effect of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) on the number of DNMs in offspring. With the on-going trend of delayed parenthood more children are now born both from older fathers and through ART. Materials and Methods: We investigated 49 trios (mother, father and child) and 2 quartets (mother, father and 2 siblings) divided into children born after spontaneous conception (n=18); born after in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (n=17) and born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection combined with testicular sperm extraction (ICSI-TESE) (n=18). Groups further divided by paternal age, young (<35) or old (>45 years of age at conception). Whole-genome sequencing was performed twice to independently detect and validate all DNMs in children. Results: A clear paternal age effect was observed, with 70 DNMs detected on average in children born to young fathers and 94 DNMs in those born to older fathers (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed between different methods of conception (p = 1) with paternal age affecting all methods equally. Conclusions: Paternal age, not method of conception, had a major effect on the observed number of DNMs in offspring. Given the role DNMs in disease risk, this negative result is good news for IVF and ICSI-TESE born children, if replicated in larger cohorts.

  Study EGAS00001005569