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• NHLBI TOPMed - NHGRI CCDG: Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Atrial Fibrillation Study

  The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Atrial Fibrillation Study was initiated in 2001. The study has enrolled serial probands, unaffected and affected family members with atrial fibrillation. At enrollment participants undergo a structured interview to systematically capture their past medical history, AF treatments, and family history. An electrocardiogram is performed; the results of an echocardiogram are obtained; and blood samples are obtained. For the TOPMed WGS project only early-onset atrial fibrillation cases were sequenced. Early-onset atrial fibrillation was defined as an age of onset prior to 66 years of age. Comprehensive phenotypic and pedigree data for study participants are available through dbGaP phs001001.

  Study phs001062

• Whole Exome Sequencing of Colorectal Cancer Patients from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS)

  Colorectal cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous disease. Whole Exome Sequencing from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the NHS and HPFS cohorts will extend our understanding of the genetic changes occurring in specific clinical contexts in the disease. This effort has the potential to discover novel recurrently mutated genes and pathways in colorectal cancer that can be functionally validated and give further insights to colorectal cancer pathogenesis. All exome sequencing was performed at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; samples sequence capture was performed using Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon Kit v2 and sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2000.

  Study phs000722

• Intercepting Progression from Pre-Invasive to Invasive Lung Adenocarcinoma

  An improved understanding of the biology of lung cancer is needed to intercept the disease at an early point in its progression. In this project we have used multidimensional methods to profile the tumor microenvironment (TME) and to determine the crosstalk between cancer cells and the TME in pre-invasive to invasive human lung non-solid adenocarcinomas. Comparative analysis of the cellular and molecular events associated with the distinct histological stages will lead to identification of the critical events triggering progression and thereby identify targets to intercept disease progression. The data being submitted represents the genomic profiles of patient samples with pre-invasive and invasive human lung adenocarcinomas.

  Study phs002818

• Maternal-Fetal Immune Responses in Preterm Labor and Congenital Anomalies

  The purpose of this study is to provide a reference profile of small extracellular RNAs in body fluids. These samples were originally obtained in a study that had a different purpose. The purpose of the original study was to learn and understand more about the causes of preterm labor, how to prevent it, and how to treat it. What the researchers learn by studying tissue, cells, and/or fluid (including blood samples, amniotic fluid, and placental tissue) may help to prevent preterm labor and prevent preterm delivery, which will improve the prenatal care women receive and improve the health of newborns.

  Study phs001693

• Linked Read Sequencing of Gastric Cancer Metastases for Complex SV Resolution

  In this study, linked read sequencing was performed on two ovarian metastases and matched normal tissue, from a patient with primary diffuse gastric cancer. Linked read sequencing is a DNA preparation technology whereby high molecular weight molecules of DNA are uniquely barcoded prior to fragmentation and sequencing, thus retaining information about genomic contiguity. This study performed an extended analysis of linked read sequencing data to resolve the complex structures of structural variants in the cancer genomes. Complex structural rearrangements were identified in the genomic region surrounding the known oncogene FGFR2, and the association between FGFR2 and gastric cancer metastasis was demonstrated in an organoid model.

  Study phs001362

• Loss of IFN-gamma Signaling in Tumor Cells Associates with Primary Resistance to Anti-CTLA-4 Therapy

  Antibody blockade of the inhibitory CTLA-4 pathway has led to clinical benefit in a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma. Anti-CTLA-4 enhances T cell responses, including production of IFN-γ, which is a critical cytokine for host immune responses. However, the role of IFN-γ signaling in tumor cells in the setting of anti-CTLA-4 therapy remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that, based upon exome sequencing data, patients identified as non-responders to anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) harbor a much higher genomic defects in the IFN-γ pathway genes than melanoma patients who had clinical response to ipilimumab therapy.

  Study phs001257

• Comprehensive Analysis of the Immunogenomics of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Brain Metastases from LCCC1419

  Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subset of breast cancer that lacks expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) and HER2. Nearly 50% of patients with advanced TNBC will develop brain metastases (BrM), commonly with progressive extracranial disease. Immunotherapy has shown promise in the treatment of advanced TNBC; however, the immunogenomics of BrM remains largely unknown. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of TNBC BrM and matched primary tumors to characterize the genomic and immune landscape of TNBC BrM to foster the development of immunotherapy strategies in this aggressive and clinically unmet disease.  

  Study phs002457

• Whole Exome Characterization of Squamous Cell Lung Cancers (Lung SQCC) from Appalachian Kentucky (APPKY)

  This is a pilot study of squamous cell lung cancer and matched normal tissue pairs collected (convenience sample) from patients from Central Appalachia, in Southeastern Kentucky. This study performed whole exome sequencing on tumor and matched normal DNA samples from 51 lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) subjects from Appalachian Kentucky (AppKY). Somatic genomic alteration profiles were compared between the AppKY and TCGA SQCC cohorts. We found that IDH1 and PCMTD1 had higher mutation rates in AppKY versus TCGA. These findings suggest population differences in the genetics of lung SQCC between AppKY and US populations that have implications for personalized treatment for this disease.

  Study phs001651

• Spatiotemporal Transcriptome of the Human Brain

  Comprehensive knowledge about the spatiotemporal dynamics of the brain transcriptome is essential for a better understanding of neurodevelopment, sexual dimorphism, and evolution, as well as our increased susceptibility to certain brain disorders. We generated and analyzed genome-wide exon-level transcriptome data from 16 brain regions of 57 postmortem human brains, spanning from embryonic development to late adulthood and representing males and females of multiple ethnicities. We also performed genome-wide genotyping of 2.5 million SNPs and assessed genome normality for all donors. This study provides a comprehensive, publicly available dataset on the spatiotemporal human brain transcriptome and new insights into the transcriptional foundations of human neurodevelopment.

  Study phs000406

• Genome-Wide Environment Interaction Study on Neurodevelopment in Children from Mexico and Bangladesh

  Cognitive development is known to be highly heritable, but various genome wide association studies (GWAS) have failed to find common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which can explain a large proportion of the variance in cognitive ability. We hypothesized that an interaction between genes and exposure to potentially toxic metals may account for some proportion of this missing heritability. We genotyped 749 infants in Mexico and 636 infants in Bangladesh. Criteria for inclusion into the study are given below. We then performed a Genome Wide Environmental Interaction Study (GWEIS) with neurodevelopment outcomes. There were 552,487 SNPs in common between the two cohorts.

  Study phs000996

• Prostate Cancer Genome Sequencing Project

  Prostate cancer is a prevalent cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in men. In order to characterize the full range of somatic mutations in protein-coding genes that may drive the growth of prostate cancer, we sequenced the exonic regions of genomic and tumor DNA from over 100 patients with high-risk primary prostate cancer. Using hybrid capture and paired end DNA sequencing, we identified mutations in several novel putative prostate cancer genes. We interrogated copy number changes across tumor genomes using high-density SNP arrays, and identified a molecular subtype of cancer characterized by mutation of the ubiquitin ligase subunit SPOP and copy number loss at specific genomic loci.

  Study phs000447

• A Phase I/IB Study of Ipilimumab or Nivolumab in Patients With Relapsed Hematologic Malignancies After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

  Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is characterized by poor outcomes and novel therapeutic options are urgently needed. Immune checkpoint blockade using CTLA-4 and PD-1 blocking antibodies are a potential concept for reinstating a dormant graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect.This study investigated transcriptomic changes in biopsies obtained from patients who received immune checkpoint blockade for relapsed hematologic malignancy post-HSCT and elucidated transcriptional programs associated with successful reinvigoration of GvL. Differential gene expression analysis showed evidence of increased T cell infiltration in biopsies of responders to ipilimumab treatment and demonstrated shared gene programs between GvL and GvHD.

  Study phs002377

• Exploring the Genomic Dark Matter of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

  Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) are a group of disorders that typically manifest early in development and may give rise to impaired cognition, communication, adaptive behavior, and psychomotor skills. This study aims to take a more comprehensive view into the genomic landscape of structural variants implicated in NDDs with intellectual disability (ID). We have evaluated the genome of families with a genetically unsolved severe NDD via optical genome mapping. This study identified likely pathogenic or pathogenic structural variants in known NDD genes, including BCL11A, OPHN1, PHF8, SON, and NFIA. Data is available in VCF format, following the standard filtering settings in Bionano Access and available as "variants_combine_filters_inMoleRefine1.vcf" files.

  Study phs002937

• My Pediatric and Adult Rare Tumor (MyPART) Natural History Study of Rare Solid Tumors

  The goal of this study is to comprehensively and longitudinally evaluate the natural history of patients with rare solid tumors or tumor predisposition syndromes, estimating and defining their clinical spectrum (e.g. disease course and survival). Clinical data, patient reported outcomes (PROs), and biospecimen associated data are collected. Clinical data includes response to treatment, tumor pathology, and imaging. PROs include measures of pain, depression, anxiety, mobility, and cognitive functioning. Biospecimen data includes next-generation sequencing [RNAseq, whole exome sequencing (WES), whole genome sequencing (WGS), EPIC methylation array data, and TruSight Oncology 500 gene panel sequencing], cytokine analysis of plasma, immune phenotyping of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

  Study phs003143

• Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) Center for Environmental Health Disparities

  MADRES is a prospective pregnancy cohort based in urban Los Angeles, recruiting predominantly low income Hispanic mothers-to-be as part of a children's health study, funded by Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO). Participants were measured for a number of chemical exposures and biomarkers. Two epigenetic markers will be available through dbGaP: miRNA expression in pregnancy (measured via Nanostring human assay, v3) and DNA methylation from pregnancy and children's cord blood (measured via EPIC array). Principal findings of this research described differences in miRNA expression profiles between early and late pregnancy, as well as miRNA expression affected by psychosocial stress.

  Study phs003194

• Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R): Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP)

  Cohort Description The Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) has been investigating the clinical, physiologic and molecular phenotypes of asthma since 2000. It is currently following ~400 deeply phenotyped asthma patients. Data Being Submitted Wave 1 questionnaire data includes 397 variables for up to 375 SARP participants in C4R.Wave 2 questionnaire data includes 448 variables for up to 289 SARP participants in C4R.Dried Blood Spot/Serosurvey data includes 7 variables for up to 290 SARP participants in C4R.Derived data includes 43 variables for up to 463 SARP participants in C4R.Phenotype data includes 113 variables for up to 463 SARP participants in C4R.

  Study phs002913

• BIRC5 Upregulation Enhances DNMT3A-Mutant T-ALL Cell Survival and Pathogenesis

  The goal of this study was to determine how patients with T-ALL who have DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) mutations develop resistance to therapy. Since DNMT3A is a methyltransferase, we examined the effect of those mutations on epigenetic regulation using whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). We also assessed any changes in gene expression using RNA-sequencing. We found that T-ALL patients with DNMT3A mutations are resistant to apoptosis and some chemotherapies. WGBS showed that DNMT3A mutated patients clustered together by their epigenetic profile, which was associated with hypomethylation at TERT and HOX genes. RNA sequencing identified differences in JAK/STAT signaling.

  Study phs003623

• Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (Echocardiogram Image Repository)

  The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a study of the characteristics of subclinical cardiovascular disease (disease detected non-invasively before it has produced clinical signs and symptoms) and the risk factors that predict progression to clinically overt cardiovascular disease or progression of the subclinical disease. MESA researchers study a diverse, population-based sample of 6,814 asymptomatic men and women aged 45-84. Thirty-eight percent of the recruited participants are white, 28 percent African-American, 22 percent Hispanic, and 12 percent Asian, predominantly of Chinese descent. Echocardiogram Image Repository includes Echocardiogram Images performed during MESA Exam 6 conducted between 2016 and 2018.

  Study phs003702

• Chromothripsis in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Associated with Carcinoid Transformation

  Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is typically associated with tobacco exposure and inactivation of RB1 and TP53 genes. We performed detailed clinicopathologic, genomic, and transcriptomic profiling of an atypical subset of SCLC in never/light smokers that lacked RB1 and TP53 co-inactivation and found that most cases were associated with chromothripsis – massive, localized chromosome shattering, recurrently involving chromosomes 11 or 12, among other findings. Uniquely, these clinically aggressive tumors exhibited genomic and pathologic links to pulmonary carcinoids. Conversely, SCLC never smokers harboring inactivated RB1 and TP53 exhibited hallmarks of adenocarcinoma-to-SCLC derivation, supporting two distinct pathways of plasticity-mediated pathogenesis of SCLC in never smokers.

  Study phs003676

• Systematic immune cell dysregulation and molecular subtypes revealed by single cell RNA-seq of subjects with type 1 diabetes

  Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a prototypic endocrine autoimmune disease resulting from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic insulin-secreting beta-cells. A comprehensive immune cell phenotype evaluation in T1DM has not been performed thus far at the single. In this cross-sectional analysis, we generated a single-cell transcriptomic dataset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 46 manifest T1DM (Stage 3) cases and 31 matched controls.Our study reveals a surprisingly strong systemic dimension at the level of immune cell network in T1DM, defines disease-relevant molecular subtypes and has the potential to guide non-invasive test development and patient stratification.

  Study EGAS50000000231

• Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) biopsies show heterogeneity in gene expression profiles, genetic subtypes, and in vitro drug sensitivity to kinase inhibitors

  Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive large B-cell lymphoma, most often of the activated B cell (ABC) subtype, but with limited tumor biology studies due to small biopsy size and lack of strict cohort definition. Here we examined the genetic heterogeneity of 29 HIV- EBV- PCNSL tumors using whole exome sequencing (WES). We compared these tumors to 5 cell lines comprised of two human PCNSL cell lines (TK and HKBML) and three systemic activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) (OCI-Ly3, TMD-8, HBL-1).

  Study EGAS50000000312

• Epigenomic atlas of organoid development

  To investigfate the epigenomic basis of fate decisions in the central nerveous system, we recorded a epigenomic timecourse of human brain organoid development using Cut&Tag with paired scRNA-seq. We further performed perturbation experiment inhibiting EED and profiled the response with scRNA-seq and Cut&Tag. Finally, we profiled a sample of the developing human brain using multiome sequencing and Cut&Tag. In our study, we uncover epigenomic switches during brain region diversification and show that epigenetic activation precedes gene expression during neurogenesis in organoids and in primary tissue. Lastly, we show that transcriptional repression by H3K27me3 is required to stabilize neuroectoderm induction from pluripotency.

  Study EGAS50000000155

• Mitochondrial DNA mosaicism in human somatic cells

  Genomic alterations accumulate in the somatic cells throughout an individual’s lifetime. Recent sequencing studies have documented widespread mutations in the nuclear genome and the frequent clonal competition of normal cells carrying mutations. However, the landscape of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy in normal human tissues is poorly understood. This study investigated the whole genome sequences (WGSs) of 2,096 clones established from non-neoplastic healthy single cells obtained from 31 donors. In addition, we analyzed 31 WGSs of neoplastic cells, including 12 clones established from adenomatous polyps from one individual with MUTYH-associated polyposis and 19 matched colorectal carcinomas from individuals who donated normal colorectal clones.

  Study EGAS50000000254

• IκBε deficiency accelerates disease development in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

  The NFKBIE gene, which encodes the NF-κB inhibitor IκBε, is mutated in 3-7% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The most recurrent alteration is a 4-bp frameshift deletion associated with NF-κB activation in leukemic B cells and poor clinical outcome. To study the functional consequences of NFKBIE gene inactivation, both in vitro and in vivo, we engineered CLL B cells and CLL-prone mice to stably down-regulate NFKBIE expression and investigated its role in controlling NF-κB activity and disease expansion. We found that IκBε loss leads to NF-κB pathway activation and promotes both migration and proliferation of CLL cells in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, NFKBIE inactivation was sufficient to induce a more rapid expansion of the CLL clone in lymphoid organs and contributed to the development of an aggressive disease with a shortened survival in both xenografts and genetically modified mice. IκBε deficiency was associated with an alteration of the MAPK pathway, also confirmed by RNA-sequencing in NFKBIE-mutated patient samples, and resistance to the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib. In summary, our work underscores the multimodal relevance of the NF-κB pathway in CLL and paves the way to translate these findings into novel therapeutic options.

  Dataset EGAD50000000754

• HSC_population_dynamics___PX001_samples

  My research project aims to use the clonal dynamics of spontaneously occurring somatic mutations to answer fundamental questions about human haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. The four major questions I will address are: 1. How do age and aging affect normal human HSC dynamics in vivo? 2. How do in vivo perturbations, particularly chemotherapy and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, affect HSC population dynamics? 3. Is response to in vitro perturbation heritable and/or correlated with other features such as age of individual and contribution of the lineage to peripheral blood? 4. How are HSC dynamics altered in people with early driver mutations (clonal haematopoiesis)?

  Study EGAS00001004146