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• Center for Common Disease Genomics [CCDG] - Cardiovascular: Genetics of Coronary Heart Disease - Characterizaton of Coronary Prone Pedigrees

  The primary cohort includes samples from 499 men and 154 women who survived a myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) by age 55 years for men or age 65 years for women. Patients were seen at least six months after their acute event. Samples from another 488 men and 541 women that showed a nearly identical age, gender, and measured blood pressure distribution were collected as population-based controls. These controls tended to live in urban Salt Lake City, where the vast majority of the population is Caucasian. Blood samples were collected in the morning after 12h to 16h of fasting and prepared according to guidelines of the Lipid Research Clinic's program Manual of Laboratory Operations. All samples have serum, DNA and/or white blood cells, and a host of measurements (e.g. standard clinical chemistries, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, HbA1C, insulin, blood pressures, anthropometric data, information on medical conditions and drug use, etc.). Additional details about the cohort or sample preparation were published previously. Here we present in total 1,475 patients that were successfully sequenced. This number includes 228 women, 419 men, and 7 of unreported gender survivors as well as 339 women and 482 men that served as population-based controls.

  Study phs001901

• INdiana GENomics: Implementing an Opportunity for the Under Served (INGENIOUS)

  The INGenious trial planed to enroll a total of 6,000 patients, with 2,000 patients assigned to a pharmacogenetic testing arm and 4,000 to a control arm who will be followed, but not tested. It is randomized between an intervention arm and one that receives no intervention in order that the genotyped group can be compared with one in which undisturbed, routine clinical care is carried out in patients taking the same drugs. Both arms will be followed for a year after being prescribed a targeted medication. Patients randomized into the intervention arm that are prescribed one or more of the 27 targeted index medication will receive pharmacogenomic testing using a custom micro-array measuring 43 Single nucleotide polymorphisms in 14 genes. The study is being conducted by the Indiana University School of Medicine and the Indiana University Institute of Personalized Medicine in collaboration with the Eskenazi and Indiana University Health Systems and will evaluate the economic and clinical outcomes associated with embedding a pharmacogenomics program in a system that serves as the primary health care safety-net in Indianapolis, Indiana. By successfully implementing a pharmacogenomics program and integrating it with the Electronic Health Record and Clinical Decision Support system, physicians will be able to optimize patient care by delivering tailored therapeutic decisions based on the patient's individual genetics.

  Study phs001701

• Phase 2 Study of Nivolumab and Entinostat in Unresectable or Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

  The study was a single-center, open-label, phase II trial (registration no. NCT03250273) designed to evaluate the efficacy of entinostat in combination with nivolumab in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim was to assess the objective response rate using RECIST v1.1 criteria as the primary endpoint. A total of 27 patients with advanced PDA were enrolled from November 2017 to November 2020. Their treatment involved a 14-day lead-in with entinostat monotherapy, followed by a combination with nivolumab. The study utilized several molecular technologies to assess immune profiles and tumor microenvironment (TME) changes: high-dimensional mass cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF), Luminex for chemokine analysis in plasma, multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC), image cytometry-based quantification, bulk RNA sequencing analysis. The objective response rate (ORR) was 11% with three patients showing a partial response (PR). The median duration of response was 10.2 months. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 63% of patients, with the most common being decreased lymphocyte count, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hyponatremia. Gene expression analysis showed an enrichment in inflammatory response signaling pathways with the combination treatment. RNA sequencing data with clinical and demographic patient information will be available through dbGaP. For expression summaries, please refer to GEO submission GSE248014.

  Study phs003615

• Clinical Study of Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB-BioLINCC)

  Data Access NOTE: Please refer to the “Authorized Access” section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of long-term intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) treatment when used as an adjunct to the overall care of ambulatory outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The evaluation compared the use of IPPB with use of a powered nebulizer.Participants: A total of 3218 participants were enrolled.Design: Multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. Conclusions: Compliance with treatment, lung function, and quality of life were evaluated at regular intervals during follow-up, and records were kept of hospitalizations and vital status. Treatment compliance was less than optimal; only half of the participants used their devices for the prescribed amount of time or 10 minutes at least three times a day. Although this was disappointing, it was probably the best compliance that could be attained. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups in mortality, rate and duration of hospitalizations, or change in lung function or life quality with time, overall or for clinically relevant subgroups. The trial group saw no advantage of IPPB over compressor nebulizer therapy and concluded that, if an advantage existed, it must be marginal.

  Study phs004010

• Genetic Markers of Caries Risk in Diverse Underserved Children: CIDR

  The study Predicting Caries Risk In Underserved Children, From Toddlers To The School-age Years In Primary Healthcare Settings, is a renewal of an initial project designed to develop a dental caries risk tool for use in primary medical and dental healthcare settings to identify high dental caries risk children, expanding from the toddler (1-4 years old, referred to as Stage 1 grant) to the school-age years (6-9 years old, referred to as Stage 2 grant); and to determine the relationships between dental caries risk profiles and dental caries disease patterns. 1326 children, 12 +/- 3 months of age, and their primary caregivers, were enrolled in the study. This cohort represents a diverse population, including ethnic and racial minorities and low socio-economic status groups. There are a total of six in-person visits (at child age 1, 2.5, 4, 6.5, 8 and 9.5 years), and at each one the primary caregiver (PCG) completes a dental caries risk questionnaire, and the child receives a detailed dental caries examination. Saliva samples were collected during the age 8 visit (2019-2020) from 1,059 racially and ethnically diverse individuals (543 children and 516 PCGs) for the purposes of human genetic testing, to study the genetics of dental caries experience of children and their primary caregivers.

  Study phs003280

• Collection: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

  The Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a multi-center epidemiologic study in Hispanic/Latino populations to determine the role of acculturation in the prevalence and development of disease, and to identify risk factors playing a protective or harmful role in Hispanics/Latinos. The study is sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and six other institutes, centers, and offices of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The goals of the HCHS/SOL include studying the prevalence and development of disease in Hispanics/Latinos, including the role of acculturation, and identifying disease risk factors that play protective or harmful roles in Hispanics/Latinos. A total of 16,415 persons of Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American, and South American backgrounds were recruited through four Field Centers affiliated with San Diego State University, Northwestern University in Chicago, Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx area of New York, and the University of Miami. Seven additional academic centers serve as scientific and logistical support centers. Study participants aged 18-74 years took part in an extensive clinic exam and assessments to ascertain socio-demographic, cultural, environmental and biomedical characteristics. Annual follow-up interviews are conducted to determine a range of health outcomes.To request access to this collection, select phs003650 in the dbGaP when submitting a data access request.

  Study phs003650

• Genetic and Hormonal Contributions to Gene Expression in Immune Cells

  The origins of sex differences in human disease are elusive, in part because of difficulties in separating the effects of sex hormones and sex chromosomes. To isolate the effects of testosterone, estradiol, and sex chromosome complement (XX or XY) in humans, we implemented a four-state, cross-sectional study design of trans- and cisgender individuals, the former receiving exogenous testosterone or estradiol for at least a year as part of their gender-affirming medical care. This study design allowed us to compare four combinations of sex hormones and sex chromosomes in humans: XX individuals treated with exogenous testosterone (n=21), XY individuals treated with exogenous estradiol (n=13), untreated XX individuals (n=20), and untreated XY individuals (n=15). We chose to focus on the human immune system because it displays an impressively broad range of sex-differential biology. We collected blood samples from each individual and isolated PBMCs the same day. We performed 10X Genomics 3' single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) on PBMCs from the 69 individuals. We generated 150-bp paired end reads from a total of 358,426 cells (with an average of 48,007 reads/cell) and identified 18 distinct immune cell types. We found that testosterone, estradiol, and sex chromosome complement have unique, non-overlapping effects on PBMC cell abundances and gene expression.

  Study phs003860

• Symptom Clusters in Oncology Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

  The parent longitudinal study evaluated the symptom experience of oncology outpatients receiving chemotherapy. Patients completed questionnaires in their homes a total of six times (assessments 1 through 6). The questionnaires were timed to evaluate symptoms associated with the receipt of two cycles of chemotherapy that were administered approximately a month apart. Assessments 1 and 4 evaluated symptoms prior to the receipt of chemotherapy. Assessments 2 and 5 evaluated symptoms in the week following the administration of chemotherapy. Assessments 3 and 6 evaluated symptoms two weeks following the administration of chemotherapy. For this analysis, morning and evening fatigue data from the enrollment assessment (i.e., prior to the second or third cycle of chemotherapy) and the assessment that was done approximately 1 week after administration of chemotherapy were evaluated. Patients completed the Lee Fatigue Scale to obtain information on morning and evening fatigue severity. For the morning fatigue assessment, patients were asked to describe how they “felt over the past week when they woke up in the morning”. For the evening fatigue assessment, they were asked to describe how they felt over the past week “before they went to bed at night”. Medical records were reviewed for disease and treatment information. Epigenome assays (microarray) were completed for 1170 patients. Whole transcriptome sequencing (bulk RNA-Seq) was completed for 651 patients.

  Study phs003863

• Organoid BulkRNAseq

  Here, we aim to understand early determinants of brain organoid quality and generated a set of brain organoids from 12 different hPSC lines using an adaptation of the unguided Lancaster protocol (Lancaster & Knoblich, 2014). All cell lines were obtained from healthy donors. 12 donor hPSC lines were differentiated into brain organoids and a set of 72 individual organoids (6 per line) were randomly selected morphologically diverse organoids and subjected to bulk RNA sequencing for gene expression analysis. RNA was extracted using the RNeasy kit (Qiagen, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A total of 1000 ng per sample was sent for RNA sequencing to Azenta Life Sciences (Genewiz Leipzig, Germany) for sequencing. Library preparation was performed using the NEBNext Ultra II RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina following manufacturer’s instructions (NEB, Ipswich, MA, USA). mRNAs were first enriched with Oligo(dT) beads. The samples were sequenced using a 2x150 Pair-End (PE) configuration v1.5 at a depth of >20 million reads in each sample. Raw sequence data (.bcl files) generated from Illumina NovaSeq6000 was converted into fastq files and de-multiplexed using Illumina bcl2fastq program version 2.20. The raw sequence reads were aligned to the human reference genome GRCh38 using the STAR aligner (Dobin et al., 2013). Gene expression levels were quantified using the FeatureCounts tool (Liao et al., 2014).

  Study EGAS50000000659

• Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade in mismatch-repair proficient colon cancers

  Immune checkpoint blockade has led to paradigm shifts in the treatment of various tumour types, yet limited efficacy has been observed in patients with metastatic mismatch-repair proficient (pMMR) colorectal cancer. Here we report an in-depth analysis of patients with early-stage pMMR colon cancer from the phase II NICHE study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03026140). A total of 31 patients received neoadjuvant treatment of nivolumab plus ipilimumab followed by surgery. The response rate was 26% and included six patients with a major pathological response (≤10% residual viable tumour). One patient with an ongoing clinical complete response did not undergo surgery. Responses were observed despite a low tumour mutational burden in all tumours, while chromosomal genomic instability scores were significantly higher in responders compared to non-responders. Responding tumours were more likely to be TP53 mutant, KRASG12 wildtype and had significantly higher baseline expression of proliferation signatures and TCF1. Imaging mass cytometry also revealed a higher percentage of Ki-67+ cancer and Ki-67+ CD8+ T cells in responders compared to non-responders. Meanwhile, in non-responders, we observed an enrichment for an inflamed-fibrotic microenvironment associated with TGF-β expression, hinting towards possible resistance mechanisms. These results provide a comprehensive analysis of response to neoadjuvant ICB in early-stage pMMR colon cancers and identify potential biomarkers for patient selection.

  Study EGAS50000000856