16810 results for "sec+and+unspecified+malignant+neoplasm"

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• National Institute on Aging (NIA) Long Life Family Study (LLFS)

  The Long Life Family Study (LLFS) is an international collaborative study of the genetics and familial components of exceptional survival, longevity, and healthy aging. Families were recruited through elderly probands (generally in their 90s) who self-reported on the survival history of their parents and siblings, and on the basis of this information, families which showed clustering of exceptional survival were recruited. [Specifically, a Family Longevity Selection Score (FLOSS) ≥7 was required. The FLOSS measures the average excess Observed lifespan over that Expected based upon lifetables, while adding a bonus term for still-living individuals. Thus FLOSS is a useful tool for scoring and selecting families for inclusion in a research study of exceptional survival (Sebastiani et al., 2009, PMID: 19910380)]. Probands resided in the catchment areas of four Field Centers (Boston University, Columbia University, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Southern Denmark). Recruited family members were phenotyped through extensive in-home visits by teams of technicians who traveled all over the USA and Denmark. Blood assays were centrally processed at a Laboratory Core (University of Minnesota) and protocols were standardized, monitored and coordinated through a Data Management Coordinating Center (Washington University). We examined and extensively phenotyped in all major domains of healthy aging, 4,953 individuals in 539 families through comprehensive in-home visits. Of these, 4,815 gave dbGaP sharing permission and had sufficient quantity/quality of DNA for GWAS genotyping. This large collection of families, selected on the basis of clustering for exceptional survival, is a unique resource for the study of human longevity and healthy aging. We estimate that less than 1% of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) families (a roughly random population family sample) would meet the minimal entrance criteria for exceptional survival required in the LLFS (Sebastiani et al., 2009, PMID: 19910380). Thus, the least exceptional LLFS families show more clustering for exceptional longevity than 99% of the FHS families. Although the LLFS pedigrees were selected on the basis of longevity per se in the upper generation (and the generation above that), the children's generation have significantly lower rates of many major diseases and have better healthy aging profiles for many disease phenotypes (Newman et al., 2011, PMID: 21258136). The participants had their first in-person visit between 2006 and 2009. After that visit, they were contacted annually by telephone to update vital status, medical history, and general health. Between 2014 and 2017, willing participants completed a second in-person visit. The second visit followed the same protocols and centralized training as the first visit. During the second visit, a portable carotid ultrasound exam was added. Again, participants were continuously contacted annually for telephone follow-up during the period of the second in-person visit and after that. Annual telephone follow-ups currently ongoing, and plans for a third in-person visit are in progress.

  Study phs000397

• Genome-Wide Association of Type 2 Diabetes in Africans: The AADM Study

  The Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study is a genetic epidemiological study of type 2 diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Study participants were enrolled through university medical centers in Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of each participating institution. All subjects provided written informed consent for the collection of samples and subsequent analysis. The case definition of type 2 diabetes was based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. After providing informed consent, participants underwent the same enrollment procedures, which included collection of demographic information, medical history, clinical examination and a blood draw. Genome-wide SNP genotyping was done on either the Axiom™ PanAFR SNP array (n=1,808) or the Multi-Ethnic Global Array (MEGA) (n=3,423). After appropriate quality control, in silico imputation was done using the African Genome Resources Haplotype Reference Panel (at the Sanger Imputation Service). Imputed genotypes were filtered for variants with minor allele frequency (MAF)≥ 0.01 and information score (info) ≥ 0.3 for genetic association analysis. Genome-wide association analysis between type 2 diabetes and the imputed genotype dosages was done using a generalized linear mixed model, which adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, the genetic relatedness matrix and the first three principal components (PCs) of the genotypes.Metabolomics profiling of plasma samples of type 2 diabetes (T2D) cases and controls in Nigerians (West Africa) was done in the AADM Study. Plasma metabolites were measured in a total of 580 individuals (N=310 for the discovery phase and N=270 for the replication stage) using the global/untargeted approach on the Metabolon platform and following the manufacturer's standard operation protocols. The analytic methods are described in detail in Doumatey et al. [Genome Med 2024]. The measured metabolites level represented by peak areas are relative values. The peak area data were batch-normalized to remove the instrument batch effects (batch variability) and the batch-normalized data correspond to the median-scaled raw data. For each identified metabolite, the minimum value across all batches in the batch-normalized was imputed for the missing values. The batch-normalized and imputed data are natural log-transformed and consist of 1116 metabolites for the discovery cohort and 1071 metabolites for the replication. Welch's two-sample t-test on the log-transformed data was used to identify metabolites differentially expressed between T2D cases and controls . All other statistical analyses conducted on both the replication and discovery cohorts used the log-transformed data. To merge the discovery and replication, the same quality control samples (bridge samples) were run with each batch of the experimental samples in both cohorts and used to correct for additional variability and uniformize the procedures. The resulting merged data is the QC-normalized and imputed data that contains only metabolites that were common to both cohorts and successfully bridged for all batches (n= 891 metabolites).

  Study phs001844

• Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD)

  The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease was initiated in 1977 to determine the natural history of sickle cell disease (SCD) from birth to death in order to identify those factors contributing to the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Specific objectives included: 1) to study the effect of sickle cell disease on growth and development from birth through adolescence 2) to study the conditions or events that may be related to the onset of painful crises 3) to obtain data on the nature, duration, and outcome of major complications of SCD 4) determine the nature, prevalence, and age- related incidence of organ damage due to SCD, and 5) study the role of SCD and its interaction with selected health events.Phases 2 and 3 of the study involved followup of the infant cohort. A total of 709 infants (age less than 6 months) were enrolled during Phase 1 of the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD), and Phases 2 and 3 of the CSSCD was designed to follow these children for an additional 10 years. The study objectives included: 1) define prospectively the natural history of sickle cell disease; 2) determine the relationships between cognitive and academic functioning and brain status as determined by MRI; 3) determine the cognitive or behavioral markers of silent infarct; 4) determine the relationship of family functioning on the Family Environment Scale (FES) to brain status, cognitive functioning, and social and demographic factors; 5) continue studies that will enhance the state of knowledge on the influence of sickle cell disease on the psychosocial adjustment of children and adolescents. Phase 2A of the study sought to examine the progression of organ damage in the heart, lung, kidney, and liver in adult cohort patients (born before 1/1/56) enrolled in phase 1 of the study between 3/79 and 5/81. A total of 620 patients from 11 centers were eligible for phase 2A.Instructions for requesting individual-level data are available on BioData Catalyst at https://biodatacatalyst.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/data/. Apply for data access in dbGaP. Upon approval, users may begin accessing requested data in BioData Catalyst. For questions about availability, you may contact the BioData Catalyst team at https://biodatacatalyst.nhlbi.nih.gov/contact.

  Study phs002362

• A Case-Controlled Study for Genotype-Phenotype Associations in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

  This is a multi-centre, case-controlled study to develop a dataset containing 1000 MS cases and 1000 matched controls and to associate DNA sequence (allelic) variations with MS phenotypes. Study subjects were enrolled through a prospective effort initiated in 2003. Three MS clinical centres were involved in subject recruitment and biological specimen collection using identical inclusion/exclusion criteria, two in Europe (Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; and University Hospital Basel) and one in the US (University of California San Francisco). This study recruited subjects of northern-European ancestry with a diagnosis of MS (McDonald et al., 2001), with dissemination in time and space. Patients with Clinically Isolated Syndromes (CIS) were also included if they fulfilled 3 of the 4 Barkhof criteria for dissemination in space as per application of the McDonald criteria (McDonald et al., 2001). While recruitment predominantly included subjects with a relapsing onset of MS, individuals with all clinical subtypes of the disease participated, including clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), primary progressive MS (PPMS), and progressive relapsing MS (PRMS). The control group consisted of unrelated individuals, primarily spouses/partners, friends, and other volunteers. Control subjects were of northern-European ancestry and matched as a group, proportionally with cases according to age (±5 years) and gender. A familial history or current diagnosis of MS as well as a relation to another case or control subject were considered exclusionary for this group. Protocols were approved by the Committees on Human Research at all Institutions and informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation in the study. Primary Study Objective:To identify DNA sequence variations (genotype) and flanking sequences that are associated with clinical factors (phenotype) which differ between study subjects with and without MS. Secondary Study Objectives: To develop a clinical dataset including quantitative measures of 1000 well-characterized cases with MS, and 1000 ethnically matched controls. To identify other genotype-phenotype associations in MS study subjects such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of disease burden and/or severity. To identify or confirm candidate surrogate markers of neurodegeneration using a variety of techniques including biochemical assays, blood transcriptome analysis, plasma proteomics and MRI*. GenotypingGenotyping of the complete dataset was performed at the Illumina facilities using the Sentrix® HumanHap550 BeadChip. *MRI results are not available on dbGaP.

  Study phs000171

• Singapore Adult Metabolism Study - Phase 2 (SAMS2)

  Singapore Adult Metabolism Study - Phase 2 (SAMS2) was an interventional study where hundreds of donors aged 21-45 were recruited to participate in a 16-week weight loss program. Study individuals selected (see below for more detailed selection standards) were sedentary (exercise 1 or fewer times a week), obese or overweight with a body fat mass greater than 24% and a BMI between 23-35 kg/m2. For this study, we adjusted BMI definition for Asian population, based on the WHO Consultation 2002, and the BMI cut-off is 23 kg/m2 for overweight and 27.5 kg/m2 for obese. The weight loss program included a combination of dietary interventions, structured exercise sessions, and additional physical activity performed in participants' own time. Energy and protein requirements were calculated based on each participant's weight, height, and physical activity level, with the goal of achieving a 40% calorie deficit. Participants' calorie intake was tracked using food recalls and questionnaires. Additionally, subjects attended structured exercise sessions at least three times per week, supervised by a coach. Each session consisted of 90 minutes of aerobic and strength training exercises, designed to burn approximately 500 kcal per session. To monitor daily physical activity, participants wore pedometers throughout the study. In total, the exercise sessions (500 kcal per session) and daily physical activity (targeting an additional 500 kcal) were aimed at achieving a total caloric expenditure of 2000 kcal per week. We collected clinical data and skeletal muscle biopsies from 54 overweight/obese Asian individuals before and after a 16-week lifestyle intervention, which resulted in an average ~10% weight loss, accompanied by a ~30% increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Improvements were observed in 118 of 252 clinical traits and six blood lipids. Transcriptomic analysis of paired skeletal muscle biopsies identified 505 differentially expressed genes enriched in mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity. Thousands of muscle-specific e/sQTLs were detected pre- and post- intervention, including hundreds of lifestyle-responsive e/sQTLs. Notably, approximately 4.2% of eQTLs and 7.3% of sQTLs showed Asian specificity. Joint analysis with GWAS identified 16 putative metabolic risk genes. Our study reveals gene-by-lifestyle interactions and how lifestyle modulates gene regulation in skeletal muscle.

  Study phs004078

• Exome Sequencing of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis

  Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a clinically severe, acute disease that only afflicts a fraction of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Although recent genomic studies of alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and steatosis have revealed that several genes of large effect are shared between these disorders, the genetic and environmental sources of variation that lead to AH, AC or alcohol fatty liver disease (AFLD) in some AUD patients remain largely unknown. In order to investigate the genetic determinants of AH, we sequenced a 58 Mb exome target to high genotype accuracy (0.996) and completeness (0.941) in 1,735 patients with AH (N=784) and heavy drinking controls without alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) (N=951), detecting 1,085,982 unique single nucleotide variants (SNVs). Analysis of common SNPs that comprised 17.5% of those SNVs, we observed exome-wide significant association of PNPLA3 (rs738409-G allele: odds ratio [OR]=1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44-2.08, p =3.75e-9), as had previously been seen for AH in candidate gene contexts, and as previously observed for PNPLA3 to AC and nonalcohol steatohepatitis in GWAS. Other genes previously implicated in AC did not strongly contribute to AH, and the only prominently implicated (but not exome wide significant) gene overlapping with AUD was ADH1B, also a known liver disease gene. However, SNPs at ICOSLG (Chr 21) and TOX4/RAB2B (Chr 14), were also exome-wide significant and of large effect-size (ICOSLG rs13052840-C allele: OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.39-2.02, p = 4.59e-8; TOX4/RAB2B rs17516362-C allele: OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.50-0.74, p=1.25e-7). ICOSLG encodes a co-stimulatory signal for T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion and induces B-cell proliferation and differentiation, and thus could be tied to the inflammatory component of AH. TOX4 was previously implicated in diabetes and immune system and its linked SNP is a cis eQTL for TOX4 and RAB2B. A polygenic signal was visible on the exome-wide quantile-quantile graph, where there was modest p value inflation (lambda = 1.040). Ranking p values of all 18,705 genes evaluated versus a list of 227 genes objectively precompiled for relationship to liver diseases (via GWAS), we observed a strong (pThe data generated here also represents a resource that can be used cumulatively or meta-analytically with future datasets.

  Study phs003659

• Genome_Diversity_in_Africa_Project__Benin

  Globally, human populations show structured genetic diversity as a result of geographical dispersion, selection and drift. Understanding this genetic variation can provide insights into the evolutionary processes that shape both human adaptation and variation in disease. Populations from SSA have the highest levels of genetic diversity. This characteristic, in addition to historical genetic admixture, can lead to complexities in the design of studies assessing the genetic determinants of disease and human variation. However, such studies of African populations are also likely to provide new opportunities to discover novel disease susceptibility loci and variants and refine gene–disease association signals. A systematic assessment of genetic diversity within SSA would facilitate genomic epidemiological studies in the region.The Genome Diversity in Africa Project (GDAP) aims to produce a comprehensive catalogue of human genetic variation in SSA, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), structural variants, and haplotypes. This resource will make a substantial contribution to understanding patterns of genetic diversity within and among populations in SSA, as well as providing a global resource to help design, implement and interpret genomic studies in SSA populations and studies comprising globally diverse populations, complementing existing genomic resources. Specifically, we plan to carry out high depth whole genome sequencing of up to 2000 individuals across Africa (25 individuals from each ethnolinguistic group).Our scientific objectives are to: 1) develop a resource that provides a comprehensive catalogue of genetic variation in populations from SSA accessible to the global scientific community; 2) characterise population genetic diversity, structure, gene flow and admixture across SSA; 3) develop a cost-efficient, next-generation genotype array for diverse populations across SSA; and 4) facilitate whole genome-sequencing association studies of complex traits and diseases by developing a reference panel for imputation and resource for enhancing fine-mapping disease susceptibility loci. These scientific objectives will be supported by cross-cutting operational activities, including network and management of the consortium, research ethics, and research capacity building in statistical genetics and bioinformaticsThis data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001001688

• Dissociation of solid tumour tissues with cold active protease for single-cell RNA-seq minimizes conserved collagenase-associated stress responses

  Background Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) is a powerful tool for studying complex biological systems, such as tumour heterogeneity and tissue microenvironments. However, the sources of technical and biological variation in primary solid tumour tissues and patient-derived mouse xenografts for scRNAseq, are not well understood. Here, we used low temperature (6°C) protease and collagenase (37°C) to identify the transcriptional signatures associated with tissue dissociation across a diverse scRNAseq dataset comprising 128,481 cells from patient cancer tissues, patient-derived breast cancer xenografts and cancer cell lines.Results We observe substantial variation in standard quality control (QC) metrics of cell viability across conditions and tissues. From FACS sorted populations gated for cell viability, we identify a sub-population of dead cells that would pass standard data filtering practices, and quantify the extent to which their transcriptomes differ from live cells. We identify a further subpopulation of transcriptomically “dying” cells that exhibit up-regulation of MHC class I transcripts, in contrast with live and fully dead cells. From the contrast between tissue protease dissociation at 37°C or 6°C, we observe that collagenase digestion results in a stress response. We derive a core gene set of 512 heat shock and stress response genes, including FOS and JUN, induced by collagenase (37°C), which are minimized by dissociation with a cold active protease (6°C). While induction of these genes was highly conserved across all cell types, cell type-specific responses to collagenase digestion were observed in patient tissues. We observe that the yield of cancer and non-cancer cell types varies between tissues and dissociation methods.Conclusions The method and conditions of tumour dissociation influence cell yield and transcriptome state and are both tissue and cell type dependent. Interpretation of stress pathway expression differences in cancer single cell studies, including components of surface immune recognition such as MHC class I, may be especially confounded. We define a core set of 512 genes that can assist with identification of such effects in dissociated scRNA-seq experiments.

  Study EGAS00001003753

• Genetic Effects on Gene Expression and Splicing during Human Neurogenesis

  Interpretation of the function of non-coding risk loci for neuropsychiatric disorders and brain-relevant traits via gene expression and alternative splicing quantitative trait locus (e/sQTL) analyses is generally performed in bulk post-mortem adult tissue. However, genetic risk loci are enriched in regulatory elements active during neocortical differentiation, and regulatory effects of risk variants may be masked by heterogeneity in bulk tissue. Here, we map e/sQTLs, and allele-specific expression in cultured cells representing two major developmental stages, primary human neural progenitors (n=85) and their sorted neuronal progeny (n=74), identifying numerous loci not detected in either bulk developing cortical wall or adult cortex. Using colocalization and genetic imputation via transcriptome-wide association, we uncover cell-type specific regulatory mechanisms underlying risk for brain-relevant traits that are active during neocortical differentiation. Specifically, we identified a progenitor-specific eQTL for CENPW co-localized with common variant associations for cortical surface area and educational attainment.

  Study phs002493

• Simultaneous Trimodal Single Cell Measurement of Transcripts, Epitopes, and Chromatin Accessibility Using TEA-Seq

  Single-cell measurements of cellular characteristics have been instrumental in understanding the heterogeneous pathways that drive differentiation, cellular responses to signals, and human disease. Recent advances have allowed paired capture of protein abundance and transcriptomic state, but a lack of epigenetic information in these assays has left a missing link to gene regulation. Using the heterogeneous mixture of cells in human peripheral blood as a test case, we developed a novel scATAC-seq workflow that increases signal-to-noise and allows paired measurement of cell surface markers and chromatin accessibility: Integrated Cellular Indexing of Chromatin Landscape and Epitopes (ICICLE-seq). We extended this approach using a droplet-based multiomics platform to develop a trimodal assay that simultaneously measures Transcriptomics (scRNA-seq), Epitopes, and chromatin Accessibility (scATAC-seq) from thousands of single cells, which we term TEA-seq. Together, these multimodal single-cell assays provide a novel toolkit to identify type-specific gene regulation and expression grounded in phenotypically defined cell types.

  Study phs002316