3993 results for "*geneti*"

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• Genome Diversity in Africa Project: Benin (2021-02-16)

  Globally, human populations show structured genetic diversity as a result of geographical dispersion, selection and drift. Understanding this genetic variation can provide insights into the evolutionary processes that shape both human adaptation and variation in disease. Populations from SSA have the highest levels of genetic diversity. This characteristic, in addition to historical genetic admixture, can lead to complexities in the design of studies assessing the genetic determinants of disease and human variation. However, such studies of African populations are also likely to provide new opportunities to discover novel disease susceptibility loci and variants and refine gene-disease association signals. A systematic assessment of genetic diversity within SSA would facilitate genomic epidemiological studies in the region. The Genome Diversity in Africa Project (GDAP) aims to produce a comprehensive catalogue of human genetic variation in SSA, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), structural variants, and haplotypes. This resource will make a substantial contribution to understanding patterns of genetic diversity within and among populations in SSA, as well as providing a global resource to help design, implement and interpret genomic studies in SSA populations and studies comprising globally diverse populations, complementing existing genomic resources. Specifically, we plan to carry out high depth whole genome sequencing of up to 2000 individuals across Africa (25 individuals from each ethnolinguistic group). Our scientific objectives are to: 1) develop a resource that provides a comprehensive catalogue of genetic variation in populations from SSA accessible to the global scientific community; 2) characterise population genetic diversity, structure, gene flow and admixture across SSA; 3) develop a cost-efficient, next-generation genotype array for diverse populations across SSA; and 4) facilitate whole genome-sequencing association studies of complex traits and diseases by developing a reference panel for imputation and resource for enhancing fine-mapping disease susceptibility loci. These scientific objectives will be supported by cross-cutting operational activities, including network and management of the consortium, research ethics, and research capacity building in statistical genetics and bioinformatics This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/ . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2021-02-16.

  Dataset EGAD00001006970

• Genome Diversity in Africa Project: Uganda (2021-02-17)

  Globally, human populations show structured genetic diversity as a result of geographical dispersion, selection and drift. Understanding this genetic variation can provide insights into the evolutionary processes that shape both human adaptation and variation in disease. Populations from SSA have the highest levels of genetic diversity. This characteristic, in addition to historical genetic admixture, can lead to complexities in the design of studies assessing the genetic determinants of disease and human variation. However, such studies of African populations are also likely to provide new opportunities to discover novel disease susceptibility loci and variants and refine gene-disease association signals. A systematic assessment of genetic diversity within SSA would facilitate genomic epidemiological studies in the region. The Genome Diversity in Africa Project (GDAP) aims to produce a comprehensive catalogue of human genetic variation in SSA, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), structural variants, and haplotypes. This resource will make a substantial contribution to understanding patterns of genetic diversity within and among populations in SSA, as well as providing a global resource to help design, implement and interpret genomic studies in SSA populations and studies comprising globally diverse populations, complementing existing genomic resources. Specifically, we plan to carry out high depth whole genome sequencing of up to 2000 individuals across Africa (25 individuals from each ethnolinguistic group). Our scientific objectives are to: 1) develop a resource that provides a comprehensive catalogue of genetic variation in populations from SSA accessible to the global scientific community; 2) characterise population genetic diversity, structure, gene flow and admixture across SSA; 3) develop a cost-efficient, next-generation genotype array for diverse populations across SSA; and 4) facilitate whole genome-sequencing association studies of complex traits and diseases by developing a reference panel for imputation and resource for enhancing fine-mapping disease susceptibility loci. These scientific objectives will be supported by cross-cutting operational activities, including network and management of the consortium, research ethics, and research capacity building in statistical genetics and bioinformatics . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2021-02-17.

  Dataset EGAD00001006976

• Genetic landscape of inherited retinal dystrophies

  In the context of research, this dataset contains 423 IRD samples; 411 of them analyzed with Clinical Exome Sequencing solutions, and 12 with Whole Exome Sequencing.

  Dataset EGAD00001007022

• Fetal origins of malignant germ cell tumours

  Germ cell tumours (GCTs) are a collection of benign and malignant neoplasms derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs). They are uniquely able to generate embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, which in malignant GCTs carries prognostic and therapeutic significance. The developmental pathways underpinning GCT initiation and histogenesis are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the phylogenetic and transcriptional diversity of 15 malignant gonadal GCTs and four normal testis biopsies by sequencing 131 whole genomes and 416 transcriptomes from 14 gonadal histologies, excised by laser capture microdissection. Our findings demonstrate that tumours were initiated by whole genome duplication likely in embryogenesis, within ~5-8 cell divisions post-PGC specification, followed by chromosome 12p gains associated with invasive disease. Of note, 12p imbalances were not only generated through GCT-typical isochromosomes, but also through non-isochromosomic configurations. Whilst tumours developed along homogenous phylogenetic pathways, they spawned manifold tissues independent of genetic subclonal diversification. A key feature of GCT tissues was the expression of fetal-specific genes. The transcriptional diversity notwithstanding, we found universal transcriptional elements correlated with hallmark 12p gains. Overall, our study reveals stereotyped phylogenies and transcriptomes underpinning the development of GCT that originate in fetal life and may lend themselves to therapeutic manipulation.

  Dataset EGAD00001007037

• Fetal origins of malignant germ cell tumours

  Germ cell tumours (GCTs) are a collection of benign and malignant neoplasms derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs). They are uniquely able to generate embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, which in malignant GCTs carries prognostic and therapeutic significance. The developmental pathways underpinning GCT initiation and histogenesis are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the phylogenetic and transcriptional diversity of 15 malignant gonadal GCTs and four normal testis biopsies by sequencing 131 whole genomes and 416 transcriptomes from 14 gonadal histologies, excised by laser capture microdissection. Our findings demonstrate that tumours were initiated by whole genome duplication likely in embryogenesis, within ~5-8 cell divisions post-PGC specification, followed by chromosome 12p gains associated with invasive disease. Of note, 12p imbalances were not only generated through GCT-typical isochromosomes, but also through non-isochromosomic configurations. Whilst tumours developed along homogenous phylogenetic pathways, they spawned manifold tissues independent of genetic subclonal diversification. A key feature of GCT tissues was the expression of fetal-specific genes. The transcriptional diversity notwithstanding, we found universal transcriptional elements correlated with hallmark 12p gains. Overall, our study reveals stereotyped phylogenies and transcriptomes underpinning the development of GCT that originate in fetal life and may lend themselves to therapeutic manipulation.

  Dataset EGAD00001007038

• Genetic-epigenetic tissue mapping for plasma DNA: applications in prenatal testing, transplantation and oncology

  We developed Genetic-Epigenetic Tissue Mapping (GETMap) to determine the tissue composition of plasma DNA carrying genetic variants not present in the constitutional genome through comparing their methylation profiles with relevant tissues.

  Dataset EGAD00001007041

• HV31 - Illumina PCR-free sequencing

  Illumina PCR-free sequencing data for individual HV31 generated using DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, to a sequencing depth of ~44×. Sequencing was performed at the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics on the Illumina Novaseq platform.

  Dataset EGAD00001007042

• HV31 - Oxford Nanopore PromethION long-read sequencing

  Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing data for individual HV31 generated using DNA from CD14+ monocytes, to a sequencing depth of ~63×. Sequencing was performed at the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics using the Oxford Nanopore PromethION platform.

  Dataset EGAD00001007043

• Peruvian Genome Project

  Through the Peruvian Genome Project we generate and analyze the high coverage genomes of 150 individuals where the majority have >90% Native American ancestry and explore questions at the interface of evolutionary genetics, history, anthropology, and medicine. This is the most extensive sampling of high-coverage Native American and mestizo whole genomes to date. Reference: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720798115

  Dataset EGAD00001007082

• Genomic characterization of co-existing biliary tract intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma lesions reveals distinct evolutionary paths of gallbladder cancer

  Gallbladder carcinoma is the most common cancer of the biliary tract with dismal survival largely due to delayed diagnosis. Biliary tract intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) is the common benign tumor that is suspected to be precancerous lesions. However, the genetic and evolutionary relationships between BilIN and carcinoma remain unclear. Here we performed whole-exome sequencing of coexisting low-grade BilIN (adenoma), high-grade BilIN, and carcinoma lesions, and normal tissues from the same patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001007792