4058 results for "*oma"

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• Chromothripsis in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Associated with Carcinoid Transformation

  Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is typically associated with tobacco exposure and inactivation of RB1 and TP53 genes. We performed detailed clinicopathologic, genomic, and transcriptomic profiling of an atypical subset of SCLC in never/light smokers that lacked RB1 and TP53 co-inactivation and found that most cases were associated with chromothripsis – massive, localized chromosome shattering, recurrently involving chromosomes 11 or 12, among other findings. Uniquely, these clinically aggressive tumors exhibited genomic and pathologic links to pulmonary carcinoids. Conversely, SCLC never smokers harboring inactivated RB1 and TP53 exhibited hallmarks of adenocarcinoma-to-SCLC derivation, supporting two distinct pathways of plasticity-mediated pathogenesis of SCLC in never smokers.

  Study phs003676

• The Somatic Mutational Landscape of Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Germline PTEN Mutations

  PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is associated with a high rate of thyroid cancer and benign thyroid disease, yet nothing is known of the genomic landscape of PHTS-associated thyroid tumors. In this study, exome sequencing was performed on 58 thyroid tumors (28 cancers, 30 benign nodules) from 19 patients with PHTS, sequenced in tumor-normal pairs. Somatic variant calling was utilized to determine the somatic mutational landscape of thyroid tumors in this population. This was then compared to the known mutational landscape of sporadic thyroid cancer in the general population using sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The primary finding of the study was that PHTS-associated thyroid tumors had a unique genomic landscape, including a high frequency of second-hit somatic PTEN alterations compared to the sporadic thyroid tumors. Additionally, PHTS-associated thyroid cancers were found to have somatic alterations in BRAF, RAS family members, and genes associated with DNA double stranded break repair. Data available through dbGAP will include tumor BAM files for each tumor, normal BAM files for each patient, and MAF files for PHTS-associated thyroid cancer and PHTS associated benign thyroid nodules.

  Study phs003640

• Phase 2 Study of Nivolumab and Entinostat in Unresectable or Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

  The study was a single-center, open-label, phase II trial (registration no. NCT03250273) designed to evaluate the efficacy of entinostat in combination with nivolumab in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim was to assess the objective response rate using RECIST v1.1 criteria as the primary endpoint. A total of 27 patients with advanced PDA were enrolled from November 2017 to November 2020. Their treatment involved a 14-day lead-in with entinostat monotherapy, followed by a combination with nivolumab. The study utilized several molecular technologies to assess immune profiles and tumor microenvironment (TME) changes: high-dimensional mass cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF), Luminex for chemokine analysis in plasma, multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC), image cytometry-based quantification, bulk RNA sequencing analysis. The objective response rate (ORR) was 11% with three patients showing a partial response (PR). The median duration of response was 10.2 months. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 63% of patients, with the most common being decreased lymphocyte count, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hyponatremia. Gene expression analysis showed an enrichment in inflammatory response signaling pathways with the combination treatment. RNA sequencing data with clinical and demographic patient information will be available through dbGaP. For expression summaries, please refer to GEO submission GSE248014.

  Study phs003615

• Clinical Outcomes and ctDNA Correlates for CAPOX BETR: A phase II trial of Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin, Bevacizumab, Trastuzumab in Previously Untreated Advanced HER2+ Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma

  We performed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis on plasma of patients with advanced HER2 positive gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas who were treated on a phase 2 clinical trial testing the addition of bevacizumab to capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and trastuzumab. ctDNA was analyzed using panel based next generation sequencing assay (Predicine CARE), low-pass whole genome sequencing (LP-WGS), and methylation based panel assay (Predicine ALERT). This allowed us to derive tumor mutational profiles, circulating tumor fractions in plasma, and changes in both over time. We show that tumor fraction and the presence of mutations in the MAPK pathway are prognostic in our patient cohort. LP-WGS data from baseline and cycle 2 of treatment is available through dbGaP. Additional data is submitted alongside the manuscript.

  Study phs003706

• Genomic Analysis of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

  Tumors from 383 newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma were included in this study. Tumor DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections, germline DNA was extracted from blood, and whole exome sequencing (WES) of all samples (n=340 tumor normal pairs) was performed using the Agilent SureSelect XT AllExon v5 + UTR kit and sequencing was carried out on an Illumina NovaSeq, 100 x 2 paired end reads. Tumor RNA (n=321) was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections and RNA sequencing was performed using the Illumina TruSeq RNA Exome Kit (Illumina) for library preparation, sequencing platform HiSeq 4000, 100 x 2 paired end reads.

  Study phs003634

• Single Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Malignant and Stromal Programs Associated with Metastasis in Head and Neck Cancer

  This study of head and neck cancer aimed to profile individual malignant, stromal, and immune cells in treatment-naive oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, with or without matched metastatic cervical lymph nodes. Clinical and pathologic information was collected on all patients, in addition to a fresh biopsy sample from the primary tumor and/or metastatic lymph node at the time of initial surgery. Biopsy specimens were processed for single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and/or whole exome sequencing (WES). A total of ~6,000 single cells from 18 participants were included in the final dataset. Stromal and immune cells had consistent expression programs across patients. Conversely, malignant cells varied within and between tumors in their expression of signatures related to cell cycle, stress, hypoxia, epithelial differentiation, and partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (p-EMT). One of the top scoring genes in this program was TGFβ-induced (TGFBI), implicating the classic EMT regulator TGFβ. Cells expressing the p-EMT program spatially localized to the leading edge of primary tumors. By integrating single-cell transcriptomes with bulk expression profiles for hundreds of tumors, we refined Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) subtypes by their malignant and stromal composition, and established p-EMT as an independent predictor of nodal metastasis, grade, and adverse pathologic features. Our results provide insight into the HNSCC ecosystem and define stromal interactions and a p-EMT program associated with metastasis.

  Study phs001474

• Gene Variants in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

  Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla and in extra-adrenal locations, respectively. PPGL has the strongest hereditary risk of all endocrine neoplasms with about 40% of cases harboring germline mutations and another 25-30% of cases arising from somatic mutations. To date, over 20 susceptibility genes have been suggested to play a role in PPGL pathogenesis, with more genes still being researched. This project will seek to identify new candidate genes in apparently sporadic PPGLs to reveal a possible genetic background in cases without variants in known susceptibility genes. Knowledge of the genetic background and the genes involved in the pathogenesis of PPGL allows for clustering and/or development of targeted therapies for the tumors that cannot be surgically resected or tumors that have metastasized.

  Study phs002405

• Comprehensive Genomic Data Deposition for Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Studies: Clinical Trials NCT02451982 and NCT02648282

  This submission includes specimens from 89 pancreatic cancer patients at Johns Hopkins Hospital, comprising 41 surgically resectable and 48 locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) cases. These samples originate from two clinical studies, NCT02451982 and NCT02648282, following the Johns Hopkins Medical Institution Institutional Review Board-approved registry protocol at the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program. Written consent for specimen use, obtained from participants in the original studies, covers additional research, including this one. Biopsy specimens collected through endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle core biopsies or surgically resected tumors are included. NCT02451982 is a platform trial evaluating immunotherapy combinations for surgically resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in the neo-adjuvant and adjuvant settings. It investigates the GVAX pancreatic cancer vaccine with immune-boosting cyclophosphamide, exploring immune cell trafficking and the impact of PD-1 blocking. NCT02648282 focuses on the efficacy and safety of combining cyclophosphamide, pembrolizumab, GVAX, and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in locally advanced pancreatic cancer, with an emphasis on anti-tumor activity. Both studies provide valuable insights into innovative pancreatic cancer treatment approaches.

  Study phs003600

• Pre-Existing Skin-Resident CD8 and γδ T Cell Circuits Mediate Immune Response in Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Predict Immunotherapy Efficacy

  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer with a ~50% response rate to immunotherapy. Here, we attempted to identify novel predictive biomarkers of response through extensive and deep multi-omics interrogation of 186 samples from 116 patients. We collectively integrated bulk RNAseq, single-cell RNAseq, multiplex immunofluorescence, and spatial transcriptomics. Importantly, we were also able to study 14 matched pairs of tissue samples from pre- and post-immunotherapy. In non-responders, tumors show evidence of increased tumor cell cycling, expression of neuronal stem cell markers, and IL-1α/β. Responders have evidence of increased type I/II interferon signatures and evidence of pre-existing tissue resident (Trm) CD8 or Vδ1 γδ T cells that functionally converge with overlapping antigen-specific transcriptional programs and clonal expansion of multiple T cell receptors. Spatial transcriptomics demonstrated higher co-localization of T cells with B and dendritic cells in responders, with evidence of expression of chemokines important for co-stimulation. Finally, immunotherapy increased clonal expansion or recruitment of Trm and Vδ1 cells in tumors in responders, further underscoring their therapeutic importance. These data identify potential novel actionable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for MCC.

  Study phs003629

• Single-Cell Analysis of the Multiple Myeloma Microenvironment after Gamma-Secretase Inhibition and CAR T-Cell Therapy

  We examined the effects of gamma-secretase inhibition (GSI) on the bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma patients before anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR T-cell therapy. Single-nuclei RNA and ATAC sequencing revealed significant changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility, especially in monocytes and tumor cells, following exposure to GSI. The findings suggest that GSI influences not only BCMA signaling but also broader cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment. De-identified sequencing data from the study is available through dbGaP.

  Study phs003741

• The Genetic Evolution of Acral Melanoma

  Acral melanoma is a rare melanoma subtype arising on the sole, palm, or nail apparatus. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) for a cohort of 35 acral melanoma patients. For each patient, we sequenced multiple tumor areas representing different tumor stages, including the in situ and invasive portions of the primary tumor and available regional or distant metastases. Normal areas were included for all except one patient. We identified distinct evolutional trajectory compared to melanomas arising on the sun-exposed skin. Whole-genome sequencing and targeted sequencing were additionally performed for a subset of the samples. Particularly, in acral melanomas, complex genomic aberrations, characterized by clustered copy number transitions and focal amplifications, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activating alterations occur very early during evolution, while MAP-kinase pathway mutations, such as BRAF V600E and NRAS hotspot mutations, can occur late and often result in striking intra-tumor heterogeneity.

  Study phs003451

• Whole Exome Sequencing of Head and Neck Patients-Derived Tumor Organoids and Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tumor Tissue

  In this study, tissue specimens were procured from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients undergoing routine diagnostic procedures as part of their standard of care. For surgical cases, only excess tissue remaining after allocation for essential pathological diagnosis was utilized for research purposes. We aimed to validate the genomic fidelity of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) compared to their originating tumors. Whole exome sequencing was performed on four paired sets of PDOs and matched surgical specimens preserved as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. The objective was to demonstrate that the in vitro PDO models maintain the genomic profile of the patient-specific tumors, thus supporting their potential application in identifying efficacious personalized treatment regimens. Comparative analyses of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs) between matched PDO and FFPE pairs were conducted to assess global genomic similarity and shared HNSCC-relevant variants. The results indicated that the PDOs closely recapitulated the mutational landscape of the resected tumors from which they were derived. This finding supports the validity of the employed in vitro culture conditions for potential use in precision medicine approaches for HNSCC. The data submitted to dbGaP comprise eight whole exome sequencing profiles of matched pairs of HNSCC FFPE and PDO samples from four subjects. Novogene (Novogene Co., Ltd, CA, USA) generated these profiles from 1.0μg genomic DNA per sample, using the Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon kit (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA). Deposited files include raw BAM files of reads aligned to human genome Hg19 using BWA (v.0.7.8-r455), sorted with Samtools (v1.0), and filtered for duplicate reads using Picard (v1.111). Additionally, we've deposited VCF files of SNV variant calls from GATK (v3.8).

  Study phs003755

• Transgenerational Transmission of Post-Zygotic Mutations Suggests Symmetric Contribution of First Two Blastomeres to Human Germline

  Skin and blood samples were collected from four phenotypically normal individuals (mother, father, and children) from a randomly selected family. Whole genomes of the samples from these individuals were sequenced to a depth of 30X-200X. Sequencing data for the mother was previously analyzed and is available at NDA collection #2961. Sequenced reads from the children and father were aligned to the human reference genome (hg19) generating BAM files for each individual. We used post-zygotic mutations in the mother to trace cell lineages across human generations. Analysis of this family demonstrated that different cell lineages were transmitted to offspring. Coupled with analysis of publicly available data, this result revealed a fundamental difference between soma and germline in lineage allocation and suggested a 50:50 contribution of the first two blastomeres to the germline.

  Study phs003781

• Multiome_HB

  Hepatoblastoma (HB) cells display strong phenotypic heterogeneity with a major impact on drug response, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we use a single-cell multi-omic strategy to unravel the molecular determinants of this plasticity. HB display a continuum of single-cell states between hepatocytic (scH), liver progenitor (scLP) and mesenchymal (scM) differentiation poles, with an intermediate scH/LP population bordering scLP and scH areas in spatial transcriptomics. Chromatin accessibility landscapes reveal the gene regulatory networks of each differentiation pole, and the sequence of transcription factor activation underlying cell state transitions. Single-cell mapping of somatic alterations reveals the clonal architecture of each tumor, showing that each genetic subclone displays its own range of cellular plasticity across differentiation poles. The most scLP subclones, overexpressing stem cell and DNA repair genes, proliferate faster after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. These results highlight how the interplay of clonal evolution and epigenetic plasticity shapes the potential of HB subclones to respond to chemotherapy.

  Study EGAS00001006932

• Integrated genomic analysis identifies driver genes and cisplatin-resistant progenitor phenotype in pediatric liver cancer

  Pediatric liver cancers (PLCs) comprise diverse diseases affecting infants, children and adolescents. Despite overall good prognosis, PLCs display heterogeneous response to chemotherapy. Integrated genomic analysis of 126 pediatric liver tumors showed a continuum of driver mechanisms associated with patient age, including new targetable oncogenes. In 10% of hepatoblastoma patients, all before 3 years old, we identified a mosaic premalignant clonal expansion of cells altered at the 11p15.5 locus. Analysis of spatial and longitudinal heterogeneity revealed an important plasticity between ‘Hepatocytic’, ‘Liver Progenitor’ and ‘Mesenchymal’ molecular subgroups of hepatoblastoma. We showed that during chemotherapy, ‘Liver Progenitor’ cells accumulated massive loads of cisplatin-induced mutations with a specific mutational signature, leading to the development of heavily mutated relapses and metastases. Drug screening in PLC cell lines identified promising targets for cisplatin-resistant progenitor cells, validated in mouse xenograft experiments. These data provide new insights into cisplatin resistance mechanisms in PLC and suggest alternative therapies.

  Study EGAS00001005108

• Molecular determinants of response to PD-L1 blockade across tumor types

  Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis lead to durable clinical responses in subsets of cancer patients across multiple indications, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), urothelial carcinoma (UC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Herein, we complement PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and tumor mutation burden (TMB) with RNA-seq in 366 patients to identify unifying and indication-specific molecular profiles that can predict response to checkpoint blockade across these tumor types. Multiple machine learning approaches failed to identify a baseline transcriptional signature highly predictive of response across these indications. Signatures described previously for immune checkpoint inhibitors also failed to validate. At the pathway level, significant heterogeneity was observed between indications, in particular within the PD-L1+ tumors. mUC and NSCLC were molecularly aligned, with cell cycle and DNA damage repair genes associated with response in PD-L1- tumors. At the gene level, the CDK4/6 inhibitor CDKN2A was identified as a significant transcriptional correlate of response, highlighting the association of non-immune pathways to the outcome of checkpoint blockade. This cross-indication analysis revealed molecular heterogeneity between mUC, NSCLC and RCC tumors, suggesting that indication-specific molecular approaches should be prioritized to formulate treatment strategies.

  Study EGAS00001004343

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a infantile fibrosarcoma tumor patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a infantile fibrosarcoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Pediatric Personalized Onco-Genomics study

  Dataset EGAD00001015263

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a neuroblastoma tumor patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a neuroblastoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Pediatric Personalized Onco-Genomics study

  Dataset EGAD00001015264

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a neuroblastoma tumor patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a neuroblastoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Pediatric Personalized Onco-Genomics study

  Dataset EGAD00001015265

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a neuroblastoma tumor patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a neuroblastoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Pediatric Personalized Onco-Genomics study

  Dataset EGAD00001015267

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a CNS sarcoma tumor patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a CNS sarcoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Pediatric Personalized Onco-Genomics study

  Dataset EGAD00001015268

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a ocular melanoma tumor patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a ocular Melanoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Pediatric Personalized Onco-Genomics study

  Dataset EGAD00001015269

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a osteosarcoma tumor patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a osteosarcoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Pediatric Personalized Onco-Genomics study

  Dataset EGAD00001015270

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a angiosarcoma tumor patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a angiosarcoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Pediatric Personalized Onco-Genomics study

  Dataset EGAD00001015272

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a craniopharyngioma tumor patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a craniopharyngioma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Pediatric Personalized Onco-Genomics study

  Dataset EGAD00001015273