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• NOTCH1 fusion genes in pediatric T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma hallmark a common high-risk subgroup with blood TARC levels as possible biomarker

  T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a common pediatric malignancy accounting for approximately 20% of the non-Hodgkin lymphomas during childhood. Survival rates of T-LBL are ~80%, but outcome after relapse is dismal, with salvage rates reaching only ~15. Considering the extremely poor prognosis after relapse and absence of clinically relevant high-risk genetics, there is an urgent need for the identification of molecular risk factors and new prognostic biomarkers in T-LBL, as well as identification of new therapeutic strategies. In this study we present a novel entity of high-risk pediatric T-LBL patients characterized by previously unknown NOTCH1 gene fusions and highly elevated blood TARC levels

  Study EGAS00001007703

• Single-Nuclei Paired Multiomic Analysis of Young, Aged, and Parkinson's Disease Human Midbrain Reveals Age-Associated Glial Changes and Their Contribution to Parkinson's Disease

  Age is the primary risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), but how aging to change the expression and regulatory landscape of the brain remains unclear. Here, we present a single-nuclei multiomic study profiling shared gene expression and chromatin accessibility of young, aged and PD post-mortem midbrain samples. Combined multiomic analysis of midbrain nuclei along a pseudo-pathogenesis trajectory reveals that all glial cell types are affected by age, but microglia and oligodendrocytes are further altered in PD. We present evidence for a novel disease-associated oligodendrocyte subtype and identify genes lost over the aging and disease process, including CARNS1, that may predispose healthy cells to develop a disease-associated phenotype. Peak-gene association analysis from paired data identifies 89 PD-associated SNP loci, including five in MAPT, that only correlate with gene expression in disease-associated oligodendrocytes. Our study suggests a previously undescribed role for oligodendrocytes in aging and PD pathogenesis.

  Study phs002819

• Genome sequencing of biliary tract cancers

  Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous with poor response to treatments. Genomic profiling can offer a clearer understanding of their carcinogenesis, classification and treatment strategy. We performed genome sequencing analyses for a large scale samples of BTCs to investigate their somatic and germline driver events and characterize their genomic landscape.

  Study JGAS000109

• Genome sequencing of biliary tract cancers

  Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous with poor response to treatments. Genomic profiling can offer a clearer understanding of their carcinogenesis, classification and treatment strategy. We performed genome sequencing analyses for a large scale samples of BTCs to investigate their somatic and germline driver events and characterize their genomic landscape.

  Study JGAS000389

• Cancer Discovery Hub (CDH), National Cancer Center Singapore

  This is a DAC for data deposited into EGA generated by Cancer Discover Hub, NCCS. The use of datasets in this portal is solely for research and academic use only, uses other than the have to be approved by the relevant DAC members.

  Dac EGAC50000000039

• Spontaneously differentiatiated iPSCs to EBs

  SUM-seq data (single-cell chromatin accessibility and gene expression) for spontaneously differentiatiated iPSCs. This data is the representative data in the Nature Protocols publication.

  Study EGAS50000001094

• Res1_HT29_exp2_MC_03_03_22

  1 sample is pure plasmid DNA and 10 samples are cell pellets for genomic DNA extraction. CRISPR PCR1 and PCR2 indexing - Please use standard Kozuke primers.

  Study EGAS00001006093

• Res1_H23_exp1_MC_04_03_22

  1 sample is pure plasmid DNA and 8 samples are cell pellets for genomic DNA extraction. CRISPR PCR1 and PCR2 indexing - Please use standard Kozuke primers.

  Study EGAS00001006091

• Res1_HT29_exp1_MC_02_03_22

  1 sample is pure plasmid DNA and 10 samples are cell pellets for genomic DNA extraction. CRISPR PCR1 and PCR2 indexing - Please use standard Kozuke primers.

  Study EGAS00001006092

• Million Veteran Program (MVP) Summary Results from Non-Sensitive Omics Studies

  MVP is an ongoing prospective cohort study and mega‐biobank in the Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System designed to study genetic influences on health and disease among veterans. This is the accession to hold publicly available results. Results from sensitive phenotypes or MVP population subsets can be found at accession phs001672 and will require an application for access.

  Study phs002453

• Whole genome sequencing data of paediatric hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  The hyperdiploid (HeH) subtype with 51–67 chromosomes is the most common subtype in childhood, presented in 25–30% of the cases, and is associated with excellent prognosis . The HeH subtype harbors relatively few additional genetic alterations, suggesting that extra chromosomes are the driving event for leukemia onset. Secondary hits usually affect the RAS signaling pathway and histone modifiers.

  Study EGAS50000001690

• Diverse modes of genomic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma

  Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most prevalent type of liver cancer. We intended to study the genomic landscape of this disease. We conducted whole-genome, exome and transcriptome sequencing for 42 patients. We show diverse modes in which the HCC genome is affected in these patients, including well-known and novel mutations, structural variations, and Hepatitis B-virus integration into the genome.

  Study EGAS00001000824

• De_novo_mutations_in_cell_free_foetal_DNA__cffDNA_

  This project is to develop and validate a method to detect de novo mutations in a foetal genome through deep sequencing of cell-free DNA from the plasma of pregnant women.This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001000322

• PAH sequencing study

  The Cohort study of idiopathic and heritable PAH is an observational, prospective and longitudinal study of patients with idiopathic and heritable PAH. Follow-up information is collected as a part of routine clinical care every six months. The study allows recruitment of both incident and prevalent cases. Patients consented to the study agreed to have blood taken for next-generation sequencing and other omics studies.

  Study EGAS00001005532

• Research for genetic causes and mechanisms of Hirschsprung's or Hirschsprung's related diseases

  Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is an abdomen disorder which is caused by absence of enteric neurons. HD is a complex genetic disorder and several causing gene mutations have been identified including the receptor tyrosine kinase gene. However, the whole mechanism of HD remains unknown and additional genetic causalities are implicated. To further investigate the genetic causalities of HD, we conducted whole-exome sequencing of patients with HD and unaffected patient's families.

  Study JGAS000007

• Pre-Existing Skin-Resident CD8 and γδ T Cell Circuits Mediate Immune Response in Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Predict Immunotherapy Efficacy

  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer with a ~50% response rate to immunotherapy. Here, we attempted to identify novel predictive biomarkers of response through extensive and deep multi-omics interrogation of 186 samples from 116 patients. We collectively integrated bulk RNAseq, single-cell RNAseq, multiplex immunofluorescence, and spatial transcriptomics. Importantly, we were also able to study 14 matched pairs of tissue samples from pre- and post-immunotherapy. In non-responders, tumors show evidence of increased tumor cell cycling, expression of neuronal stem cell markers, and IL-1α/β. Responders have evidence of increased type I/II interferon signatures and evidence of pre-existing tissue resident (Trm) CD8 or Vδ1 γδ T cells that functionally converge with overlapping antigen-specific transcriptional programs and clonal expansion of multiple T cell receptors. Spatial transcriptomics demonstrated higher co-localization of T cells with B and dendritic cells in responders, with evidence of expression of chemokines important for co-stimulation. Finally, immunotherapy increased clonal expansion or recruitment of Trm and Vδ1 cells in tumors in responders, further underscoring their therapeutic importance. These data identify potential novel actionable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for MCC.

  Study phs003629

• Ewing and Ewing-like-sarcoma tumoroid biobank reveals distinct drug sensitivities: translocation makes the difference

  Ewing sarcoma (ES) and Ewing-like sarcomas (ELS) are highly aggressive tumors found in soft tissues and bone of mostly children and young adults. Despite being different in many aspects, including genetics, possible cell-of-origin, and pathology, patients with any of these entities all receive the same therapeutic regimen. Currently, there is a lack of preclinical cell models that can predict drug response of these entities in vitro. Here, we describe a pediatric ES and ELS tumor organoid (tumoroid) biobank containing tumoroids with different translocations, including EWSR1::FLI1, EWSR1::ERG, CIC::DUX4, and BCOR-rearrangements. Using histology, whole genome sequencing and RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that these tumoroids retain key properties of their matching patient tumors. In addition, we traced tumor subclones in the tumoroids across patient-matched longitudinal samples, which showed that cellular heterogeneity was maintained. We subsequently performed drug screening on the tumoroid models, which unveiled entity-specific drug sensitivity to various cytotoxic compounds and targeted compounds, including MCL-1 inhibitors for CIC::DUX4 sarcomas. Taken together, this newly established ES and ELS patient-derived tumoroid biobank generates a unique source of material for future basic cancer research and drug-screening.

  Study EGAS00001007941

• Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program in Bladder Exstrophy, Epispadias, Complex (BEEC)

  Urogenital anomalies account for 20-30% of prenatally detected structural defects. Bladder Exstrophy Epispadias Complex (BEEC) describes a subset of anomalies with a spectrum of developmental defects ranging from a mild form of epispadias, to classic bladder exstrophy, to omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus, spinal anomalies (OEIS) complex. Patients with BEEC suffer substantial morbidity and mortality due to impaired genito-urinary dysfunction. The etiology of BEEC is largely unknown. Elucidating the underlying genetic component is critical to gaining a better understanding of the developmental signaling pathways and is likely the first step to developing targeted therapy.

  Study phs002173

• Human Developmental Biology Resource (HDBR) abnormal fetal samples

  The HDBR (www.hdbr.org) is a human embryonic and fetal tissue bank supplying registered researchers with access to these valuable research materials up to 22 weeks post-conception (PMC4640175). All of the samples collected are analysed for chromosomal abnormalities, and all samples with an abnormal phenotype are either analysed by SNP array, or exome sequenced. This dataset is generated from those abnormal samples that have been analysed by exome sequencing. To request access to this dataset, or if any researcher is interested in obtaining tissue from any of the samples HDBR collect, please email enquiries@hdbr.org.

  Study EGAS00001006300

• Integrative analysis of non-small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenografts identifies unique proteotypes associated with patient outcomes

  Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Only a fraction of NSCLC harbour actionable driver mutations and there is an urgent need for patient-derived model systems that will enable the development of new targeted therapies. NSCLC and other cancers display profound proteome remodelling compared to normal tissue that is not predicted by DNA or RNA analyses. We generated NSCLC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) that recapitulate the histology and molecular features of primary NSCLC. Here, we completed whole exome sequencing on 122 NSCLC PDXs.

  Study EGAS00001006068

• Genomic Profiling of Pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  Pediatric leukemia is the most common type of childhood cancer and, despite tremendous progress in treatment, remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in children. B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common type of pediatric leukemia. Recent studies using transcriptional profiling of large cohorts of pediatric B-ALL have shown that patients can be grouped into transcriptional subtypes that are often defined by specific driver mutations. Interestingly, many of these mutational subtypes are defined by gene fusions or rearrangements that drive altered expression of transcription factors (ETV6-RUNX1, PAX5, DUX4, TCF3-PBX1, ZNF384) or in chromatin regulatory machinery (KMT2A), suggesting that transcriptional dysregulation is a major driver of B-ALL. While the transcriptional distinctions are clear, the relationship between patients in terms of their chromatin regulatory landscape remains unclear. To address this, we profiled gene expression, open chromatin, and 3D genome folding in patient derived B-ALL samples. We identified that at the level of 3D genome organization, many chromatin interactions and looping events are shared across mutational subtypes, suggesting that shared transcriptional programs, in addition to group specific driver mutations, possibly regulate the chromatin landscape in B-ALL. Using RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data, we were able to identify "latent" signatures of expression related to non-mutant transcription factors (TFs) that also contribute to expression heterogeneity across TF subtypes. These are related to patient specific patterns of 3D genome folding, and in some cases, are predictive of disease outcomes. This study helps shed light on the chromatin landscape in B-ALL and furthers our understanding of the interactions between diverse mutant TFs that drive B-ALL and non-mutant TFs that help shape the B-ALL chromatin landscape.

  Study phs003226

• Evaluation of Hybridization Capture versus Amplicon-based Methods for Whole Exome Sequencing

  Next generation sequencing has aided characterization of genomic variation. While whole genome sequencing may capture all possible mutations, whole exome sequencing is more cost-effective and captures most phenotype-altering mutations. Initial strategies for exome enrichment utilized a hybridization-based capture approach. Recently, amplicon-based methods were designed to simplify preparation and utilize smaller DNA inputs. We appraised two hybridization capture-based and two amplicon-based whole exome sequencing methods, utilizing both Illumina and Ion Torrent sequencers, comparing on-target alignment, uniformity, and variant calling. While the amplicon methods had higher on-target rates, the hybridization capture-based approaches showed better uniformity. All methods identified many of the same single nucleotide variants, but each amplicon-based method missed variants detected by the other three methods and reported additional variants discordant with all three other technologies. Many of these potential false positives or negatives appear to result from limited coverage, low variant frequency, vicinity to read starts/ends, or the need for platform-specific variant calling algorithms. All methods demonstrated effective copy number variant calling when compared against a single nucleotide polymorphism array. This study illustrates some differences between various whole exome sequencing approaches, highlights the need for selecting appropriate variant calling based on capture method, and will aid laboratories in selecting their preferred approach.

  Study phs000938

• NHLBI TOPMed: Novel Risk Factors for the Development of Atrial Fibrillation in Women

  The Women's Genome Health Study (WGHS) is a prospective cohort comprised of over 25,000 initially healthy female health professionals enrolled in the Women's Health Study, which began in 1992-1994. All participants in WGHS provided baseline blood samples and extensive survey data. Women who reported atrial fibrillation during the course of the study were asked to report diagnoses of AF at baseline, 48 months, and then annually thereafter. Participants enrolled in the continued observational follow-up who reported an incident AF event on at least one yearly questionnaire were sent an additional questionnaire to confirm the episode and to collect additional information. They were also asked for permission to review their medical records, particularly available ECGs, rhythm strips, 24-hour ECGs, and information on cardiac structure and function. For all deceased participants who reported AF during the trial and extended follow-up period, family members were contacted to obtain consent and additional relevant information. An end-point committee of physicians reviewed medical records for reported events according to predefined criteria. An incident AF event was confirmed if there was ECG evidence of AF or if a medical report clearly indicated a personal history of AF. The earliest date in the medical records when documentation was believed to have occurred was set as the date of onset of AF.

  Study phs001040

• Using_genetics_to_identify_cell_types_and_mechanisms_underlying_susceptibility_to_primary_sclerosing_cholangitis

  Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a T-cell mediated, chronic inflammatory condition of the biliary tree that is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Genome-wide association studies have identified 22 non-HLA genetic risk variants associated PSC. Identifying the genes impacted by these variants has proven difficult as the majority lie in non-coding regions of the genome. Knowledge of the genes and biological pathways these non-coding variants are perturbing is vital to understanding the disease biology. One means of assessing the impact of non-coding variants within disease associated loci upon genes is via colocalisation with eQTL. Many eQTL are cell-type specific, requiring the analysis of disease relevant cell types to detect colocalisation. We have collected PSC-relevant T-cell-subtypes from the peripheral blood of PSC patients via fluorescence activated cell sorting in preparation for RNA sequencing and mapping of eQTL. Samples were collected at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hopital, for which local ethical approval has been granted. Lysed cell samples will be transferred to WTSI and DNA/RNA will be extracted from lysed cell samples by T143 before genotyping (DNA) and custom library preparation and sequencing (RNA). This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001002643

• Using_genetics_to_identify_cell_types_and_mechanisms_underlying_susceptibility_to_primary_sclerosing_cholangitis

  Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a T-cell mediated, chronic inflammatory condition of the biliary tree that is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Genome-wide association studies have identified 22 non-HLA genetic risk variants associated PSC. Identifying the genes impacted by these variants has proven difficult as the majority lie in non-coding regions of the genome. Knowledge of the genes and biological pathways these non-coding variants are perturbing is vital to understanding the disease biology. One means of assessing the impact of non-coding variants within disease associated loci upon genes is via colocalisation with eQTL. Many eQTL are cell-type specific, requiring the analysis of disease relevant cell types to detect colocalisation. We have collected PSC-relevant T-cell-subtypes from the peripheral blood of PSC patients via fluorescence activated cell sorting in preparation for RNA sequencing and mapping of eQTL. Samples were collected at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hopital, for which local ethical approval has been granted. Lysed cell samples will be transferred to WTSI and DNA/RNA will be extracted from lysed cell samples by T143 before genotyping (DNA) and custom library preparation and sequencing (RNA). This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001002642