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• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD37920 (WG) (2020-02-20)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutation burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2020-02-20.

  Dataset EGAD00001005990

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD43291_Novaseq (WG)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutaiton burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this poriton of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2023-03-08.

  Dataset EGAD00001010111

• MutWP5: CRUK Mutographs of Cancer: Lung: PD38233 (WG) (2021-02-02)

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from COPD patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutation burden in different portions of the lung. Whole-genome sequencing will be conducted on samples identified as promising from the initial targeted data. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs. . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2021-02-02.

  Dataset EGAD00001006930

• Guardians of the genome: protecting DNA from endogenous sources of damage

  Mutational signatures are imprints of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic pathophysiological processes that have occurred through tumorigenesis. Experimental efforts to explore signature etiologies have produced a compendium of signatures of exogenous mutagens previously. Here, we unearth major sources of endogenous DNA damage and the genes that are critical to mitigating this innate stream of DNA damage under normal, physiological circumstances. We performed whole genome sequencing of 173 subclones of CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts of 43 genes in a human induced pluripotent stem cell system, in the absence of any added DNA damage. We reveal substitution and indel signatures that arise from those genes which are essential guardians of the genome. By detailed dissection and comparisons to cancer-derived signatures, we demonstrate interminable sources of constitutive DNA damage, and some mechanistic knowledge into how guardian genes preserve the genome. Based on these experimental insights, we develop and benchmark a tool for clinical classification of tumor samples.

  Dataset EGAD00001006055

• Combinatorial CRISPR screen identifies fitness effects of paralogues FAM50A and FAM50B

  Genetic redundancy has evolved as a way for human cells to survive the loss of genes that are single copy and essential in other organisms, but also allows tumours to survive despite having highly rearranged genomes. In this study we CRISPR screen 1,191 gene pairs, including paralogues and known and predicted synthetic lethal interactions to identify 105 gene combinations whose co-disruption results in a loss of cellular fitness. 27 pairs influence fitness across multiple cell lines including the paralogues FAM50A/FAM50B, two genes of unknown function. Silencing of FAM50B occurs across a range of tumour types and in this context disruption of FAM50A reduces cellular fitness whilst promoting micronucleus formation and extensive perturbation of transcriptional programmes. This dataset includes CRISPR screening of cancer cell lines, RNA sequencing studies of cancer cell lines and also data from the sequencing of tumour xenografts collected from mice.

  Dataset EGAD00001006649

• Next Generation Sequencing in an IBD Pedigree Whole Genome Data

  In 2009 we identified a four-generation family with over 700 members and 41 affected with Crohn's disease (CD). At the time we sequenced the exome of 6 affected individuals but did not identify any coding variants which appear to explain the high prevalence of disease. Since then we have collected DNA from a large number of additional family members, genotyped linkage arrays on the entire family to refine genomic regions shared by identity by descent and genotyped affected and unaffected members at known CD risk loci identified by Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS). These analyses have confirmed that a significant unexplained excess of disease remains after accounting for all known genetic factors, and that several regions of the genome are shared by a large fraction of affected individuals. We therefore perform whole genomes sequencing from 8 individuals which will allow us to impute the complete sequence of nearly all the members of the two largest and most severely affected branches of the family.

  Dataset EGAD00001000399

• Subclonal diversification of primary breast cancer

  Cancers are ecosystems of genetically related clones, competing across space and time for limited resources. To understand the clonal structure of primary breast cancer, we applied genome and targeted sequencing to 295 samples from 49 patients’ tumors. The extent of subclonal diversification varied considerably among patients and encompassed many spatial patterns, including local growth, intraductal dissemination and clonal intermixture. Landmarks of disease progression, such as acquiring invasive or metastatic potential, arose within detectable subclones of antecedent lesions, suggesting that subclonal mutations could be relevant if actionable. No defined temporal order of mutation was evident, with the commonest genes, including PIK3CA, TP53, BRCA2, PTEN and MYC, mutated early in some, late in others, often exhibiting parallel evolution across subclones. Signatures of homologous recombination deficiency correlated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thus, the interplay of mutation, growth and competition drives clonal structures of breast cancer that are complex, variable across patients and clinically relevant.

  Dataset EGAD00001000965

• The Cardiogenics study

  Cardiogenics is an European collaborative project, it started in January 2007 and was funded by the European Commission through its Sixth Framework Program (reference LSHM -CT-2006-037593) until 2011. It involved several laboratories from France (INSERM UMRS937), Germany (Lübeck University; Regensburg University), United Kingdom (the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute; University of Leicester) and Sweden (Uppsala University Hospital) and was coordinated by a management group composed of scientists from these different institutions. Under the coordination of the management group the laboratories are still developing projects using Cardiogenics data sets. As part of the Cardiogenics project, RNA from monocytes and macrophages of 363 patients with coronary artery disease and 395 healthy individuals was prepared and genome-wide expression was assessed in both cell types using the Illumina HumanRef 8 v3 Beadchip . The DNA of all these individuals was genotyped using the Human 610 Quad custom arrays. Both data sets were used to conduct eQTL analyses. A subsample of subjects included in an allelic-imbalance substudy were also genotyped using the Illumina Human Custom 1.2M array. Detailed description of these datasets can be found in Shah S et al. Circ Cardiovs Genet 2011; Rotival M et al. Plos Genet 2011, Almlöf et al. Plos One 2012 and Garnier S et al. Plos Genet 2013

  Study EGAS00001000411

• Whole-Genome and Epigenomic Landscapes of Etiologically Distinct Subtypes of Cholangiocarcinoma

  Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a hepatobiliary malignancy exhibiting high incidence in countries with endemic liver-fluke infection. We analyzed 489 CCAs from 10 countries, combining whole-genome (71 cases), targeted/exome, copy-number, gene expression, and DNA methylation information. Integrative clustering defined 4 CCA clusters-fluke-positive CCAs (clusters 1/2) are enriched in ERBB2 amplifications and TP53 mutations; conversely, fluke-negative CCAs (clusters 3/4) exhibit high copy-number alterations and PD-1/PD-L2 expression, or epigenetic mutations (IDH1/2, BAP1) and FGFR/PRKA-related gene rearrangements. Whole-genome analysis highlighted FGFR2 3' untranslated region deletion as a mechanism of FGFR2 upregulation. Integration of noncoding promoter mutations with protein-DNA binding profiles demonstrates pervasive modulation of H3K27me3-associated sites in CCA. Clusters 1 and 4 exhibit distinct DNA hypermethylation patterns targeting either CpG islands or shores-mutation signature and subclonality analysis suggests that these reflect different mutational pathways. Our results exemplify how genetics, epigenetics, and environmental carcinogens can interplay across different geographies to generate distinct molecular subtypes of cancer.SIGNIFICANCE: Integrated whole-genome and epigenomic analysis of CCA on an international scale identifies new CCA driver genes, noncoding promoter mutations, and structural variants. CCA molecular landscapes differ radically by etiology, underscoring how distinct cancer subtypes in the same organ may arise through different extrinsic and intrinsic carcinogenic processes.

  Study EGAS00001001653

• Transcriptomic Profiling of Patient Derived Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) and Non-MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma Cell Lines

  Patient derived neuroblastoma cell lines are excellent tools to study biology of the disease. While many previous studies sequenced neuroblastoma cell lines, there are very few ALT and non-MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines that were sequenced previously. Here, we present raw RNA sequencing data for 3 ALT (CHLA-90, SK-N-FI, COG-N-515) and 8 non-MYCN-amplified telomerase positive (CHLA-171, Felix, COG-N-579h, COG-N-615, COG-N-618h, COG-N-619h, COG-N-708h, COG-N-709) neuroblastoma cell lines. Additionally, gene expression data are provided as a supplement files.

  Study phs002421