8224 results for "canc*"

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• Distinct portrayal of lesions in synchronous multifocal lung adenocarcinoma revealed by genome sequencing

  Distinguishing multiple primary lung cancers in the synchronous multifocal intrapulmonary lesions has important significance on clinical staging and therapeutic decision. To investigate genomic aberration profiles, we applied whole genome and whole exome sequencing, and microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization on 15 intrapulmonary tumors derived from six patients with synchronous multifocal lung cancers having similar histological diagnosis. Any pair of intrapulmonary tumors in a single patient, which shared the identical genetic background and environment, showed an extinctive heterogeneity between each other. Phylogenetic relationship analysis indicated an independently branched evolution among all the tumors, suggesting they were multiple primary lung cancers. EGFR or KRAS mutations were found in 7 or 3 out of the 15 tumors, from 3 or 2 patients, respectively. Somatic mutational heterogeneity of these two genes in a single patient was also observed. Our analysis indicates genomic aberration profiling is valuable for identification of multiple primary lung cancer, especially when high histopathological concordance was observed between lesions. We also suggest a thoroughly molecular diagnosis against therapeutic target genes should be taken for each accessible nodule before making a plan for adjuvant therapy.

  Study EGAS00001001572

• Pre_clinical_evolution_of_haematological_malignancies

  Deep targeted sequencing of 291 peripheral blood samples taken 1-20 years prior diagnosis of a haematological malignancy alongside age- and sex-matched controls. Key objective is to distinguish indolent age-related clonal haematopoiesis from pre-cancer and to derive predictive models for early risk-stratification.

  Study EGAS00001002964

• Somatic_mutation_and_clonal_evolution_in_the_human_bladder_WES

  In this study, we aim to characterise the landscape of mutation and clonal selection in the human bladder. The data in this study will be generated by whole-exome sequencing of laser-dissected microbiopsies from the bladder. The samples utilised in this study will include urothelium from transplant donors with no history of bladder cancer and cystectomy specimens from patients with bladder cancer.

  Study EGAS00001002842

• Meningioma_Exome

  Agilent whole exome hybridisation capture will be performed on genomic DNA derived from Meningioma tumour samples and matched normal DNA from the same patients. Three lanes of Illumina GA sequencing will be performed on the resulting exome libraries and mapped build 37 of the human reference genome to facilitate the identification of novel cancer genes.

  Study EGAS00001000177

• Genetic landscape of pediatric Osteosarcoma

  We performed whole-genome sequencing of 37 paired tumor/normal OS genomes and analyzed somatically acquired single nucleotide variations (SNVs), insertion/deletions, structural variations and copy number variations in the cancer genomes

  Study EGAS00001000263

• _RNAseq___Colorectal_organoids_and_tumoroids

  Transcriptome sequencing of tumour tissue, adjacent normal tissue and derived organoids/tumoroids from colorectal cancer

  Study EGAS00001000985

• MutWP4__CRUK_Grand_Challenge_Mutographs_of_Cancer__organoid_control_WGS

  The Mutographs project aims to advance our understanding of the causes of cancer through studies of mutational signatures. Led by Mike Stratton, together with Paul Brennan, Ludmil Alexandrov, Allan Balmain, David Phillips and Peter Campbell, this large-scale international research endeavour was awarded a Cancer Research UK Grand Challenge. Different patterns of somatic mutation are generated by the different environmental, lifestyle and genetic factors that cause cancer, many of them are still unknown. Within Mutographs, Kings College London will characterise the mutational signatures induced by putative human carcinogens in order to identify the origins of mutational signatures found in human cancers. To achieve this human organoid cell cultures will be exposed to a representative catalogue of known or suspected human carcinogens and mutagens and, using whole genome sequencing, the patterns of mutations induced by them will be determined. Somatic mutational signatures will be subsequently extracted by non-negative matrix factorisation methods and correlated with exposure data. Through an enhanced understanding of cancer aetiology, Mutographs unprecedented effort is anticipated to outline modifiable risk factors, lead to new approaches to prevent cancer, and provide opportunities to empower early detection, refine high-risk groups and contribute to further therapeutic development.

  Study EGAS00001005449

• Sequencing_component_for_the_whole_genome_methylation_analysis_in_PBMCs_and_cell_subsets__pilot_study_

  DNA methylation has been shown to play a major role in determining cellular phenotype by regulating gene expression. Moreover, dysregulation of differentially methylated genes has been implicated in disease pathogenesis of various conditions including cancer development as well as autoimmune diseases such as systemic Lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Evidence is rapidly accumulating for a role of DNA methylation in regulating immune responses in health and disease. However, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. The overall aim of the project is to investigate the role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating immunity and their impact on autoimmune disease pathogenesis.The aim of this pilot study is to perform whole genome methylation analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cell subsets (CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD16 and whole PBMCs) obtained from 6 healthy volunteers. Whole genome methylation analysis will be performed using two methodological approaches, the Infinium Methylation Bead Array K450 (Illumina) and MeDIP-seq. mRNA expression arrays will also be performed in order to correlate DNA methylation with gene expression as well as genotyping on the Illumina OmniExpress chip

  Study EGAS00001000490

• Breast_Cancer_Somatic_Genetics_Study_

  We propose to definitively characterise the somatic genetics of ER+ve, HER2-ve breast cancer through generation of comprehensive catalogues of somatic mutations in 500 cases by high coverage genome sequencing coupled with integrated transcriptomic and methylation analyses.

  Study EGAS00001000195

• Myeloproliferative_Disorder_Sequencing

  Agilent whole exome hybridisation capture will be performed on genomic DNA derived from 50 myeloproliferative disorder samples and matched normal DNA from the same patients. Three lanes of Illumina GA sequencing will be performed on the resulting 100 exome libraries and mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome to facilitate the identification of novel cancer genes. In addition, 500bp, NO_PCR total genomic libraries will be prepared from the same samples and five lanes of Illumina GA sequencing will be analysed to characterise genome wide, somatically acquired structural variation.

  Study EGAS00001000199