7795 results for "canc*"

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• Patient-derived organoids model treatment response of metastatic gastrointestinal cancers (targeted and whole-genome sequencing)

  Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have recently emerged as robust pre-clinical models, however, their potential to predict patient clinical outcomes remain unclear. We report a living biobank of PDOs from metastatic, heavily-pretreated colorectal and gastroesophageal cancer patients recruited in phase I/II clinical trials. Phenotypic and genotypic profiling of PDOs showed a high-degree of similarity to the original patient tumor. Molecular profiling of tumor organoids was matched to drug screening results, suggesting PDOs could complement existing approaches in defining cancer vulnerabilities and improving treatment responses. We compared ex vivo organoid responses to anticancer agents, and PDO-based orthotopic mouse tumor xenograft models to the response of the patient in clinical trials. Our data suggest that PDOs can recapitulate patient responses in the clinic, and have the potential to be implemented in personalized medicine programs.

  Study EGAS00001002784

• Germline alterations of acute myeloid leukemia

  Germline variants may increase the risk of cancer. A systematic analysis was conducted of a consecutive series of primary and secondary adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Exome sequencing was performed on leukemic blasts (somatic) and a skin biopsy (germline) followed by analysis on 35 acute myeloid leukemia or cancer predisposition candidate genes. Exome data were available from 68/80 (85%) patients, and full clinical history was available from all patients. The analysis revealed 34 rare single-nucleotide variants or short indels in 16 genes to be functionally adverse in silico.

  Study EGAS00001002760

• MutWP5__CRUK_Mutographs_of_Cancer__Lung__PD38234__Targeted_

  Sequencing of LCM-derived microbiopsies from explanted lung from pulmonary fibrosis patient. Goal to assess the mutational burden, spectrum, and clonal dynamics within the tissue. Deep sampling throughout multiple regions of the lung will determine whether there are differences in smoking-related mutation burden in different portions of the lung. Targeted sequencing will be conducted on samples to identify drivers of interest and clonality of the samples, well-performing samples will be sent for subsequent whole-genome sequencing. Results from this portion of the study will be compared to other individuals with smoking-related diseases (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), and normal, non-smoking lungs.

  Study EGAS00001003325

• HKU Gastric Cancer Genomics study - WGS, DNA genotyping array, expression and methylation profiling

  HKU Gastric Cancer Genomics study - Whole Genome Sequencing, DNA genotyping array, Expression profiling and Methylation profiling

  Study EGAS00001000597

• Circulating tumour DNA abundance and potential utility in de novo metastatic prostate cancer

  Several systemic therapeutic options exist for metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Circulating tumour DNA can profile metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer and influence treatment decisions, but remains untested in mCSPC. We set out to determine ctDNA abundance at de novo mCSPC diagnosis and whether ctDNA provides complementary clinically relevant information to a prostate biopsy. We collected and sequenced 77 plasma cell-free DNA samples from 53 newly diagnosed patients with mCSPC. Targeted sequencing was also performed on DNA from 48 diagnostic prostate tissue samples.

  Study EGAS00001003351

• Genomic Profiling of Thyroid Cancer Reveals a Role for Thyroglobulin in Metastasis -Part II

  Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has a wide geographic variation in incidence, being highest in Saudi Arabia where it is only second to breast cancer as the most common cancer among females. Genomic profiling of PTC from Saudi Arabia has not been attempted previously. We performed whole-exome sequencing of 101 PTC samples and the corresponding genomic DNA to identify genes with recurrent somatic mutations, followed by sequencing of these genes using a next-generation gene panel approach in further 785 samples. In addition to BRAF, N-RAS and H-RAS, which have previously been shown to be recurrently mutated in PTC, our analysis highlights additional genes, including thyroglobulin (TG), which harbored somatic mutations in 3% of the entire cohort. Surprisingly, although TG mutations were not exclusive to mutations in the RAS-MAP kinase pathway, their presence was associated with a significantly worse clinical outcome, which suggests a pathogenic role beyond driving initial oncogenesis. Analysis of metastatic PTC tissue revealed significant enrichment for TG mutations (p<0.001), including events of apparent clonal expansion. Our results suggest a previously unknown role of TG somatic mutations in the pathogenesis of PTC and its malignant evolution.

  Study EGAS00001003357

• Single-cell RNA-seq of immune cells sorted from human melanoma tumors

  Tumor immune cell compositions play a major role in response to immunotherapy but the heterogeneity and dynamics of immune infiltrates in human cancer lesions remain poorly characterized. Here we identify conserved intratumoral CD4 and CD8 T cell behaviors in scRNA-seq data from 25 melanoma patients. We discover a large population of CD8 T cells showing continuous progression from an early effector "transitional" into a dysfunctional T cell state. CD8 T cells that express a complete cytotoxic gene set are rare, and TCR sharing data suggest their independence from the transitional and dysfunctional cell states. Notably, we demonstrate that dysfunctional T cells are the major intratumoral proliferating immune cell compartment and that the intensity of the dysfunctional signature is associated with tumor-reactivity. Our data demonstrate that CD8 T cells previously defined as exhausted, are in fact a highly proliferating, clonal and dynamically differentiating cell population within the human tumor microenvironment.

  Study EGAS00001003363

• Anaplastic_Meningioma_WGS_X10

  Anaplastic meningiomas are a rare, malignant variant of meningioma. At present there is no effective treatment for this cancer. The aim of the study is to identify somatic mutations in anaplastic meningiomas. We plan to sequence a set of 500 known cancer genes in 50 anaplastic meningioma and corresponding peripheral blood DNA samples. Bioinformatics will be used to analyse the results to assess the probability of these mutations being causal and so likely of critical importance for the tumour growth. Identification of these mutations will guide selection of appropriate compounds to effectively treat the disease.

  Study EGAS00001000859

• Integrated genomic characterization of adrenocortical carcinoma

  Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are aggressive cancers originating in the cortex of the adrenal glands. Despite the overall poor prognosis, ACC outcome is heterogeneous. CTNNB1 and TP53 mutations are frequent in these tumors, but the complete spectrum of genetic changes remains undefined. Exome sequencing and SNP array analysis of 45 ACC revealed recurrent alterations in known drivers (CTNNB1, TP53, CDKN2A, RB1, MEN1) and genes not previously reported to be altered in ACC (ZNRF3, DAXX, TERT and MED12), which were validated in an independent cohort of 77 ACC. The cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNRF36 was the gene the most frequently altered (21%), and appears as a potential novel tumor suppressor gene related to the ß-catenin pathway. Our integrated genomic analyses led to the identification of two distinct molecular subgroups with opposite outcome. The C1A group of poor outcome ACC was characterized by numerous mutations and DNA methylation alterations, whereas the C1B group with good prognosis displayed a specific deregulation of two miRNA clusters. Thus, aggressive and indolent ACC correspond to two distinct molecular entities, driven by different oncogenic alterations.Array based dataset for this study has been made public at:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE49280.

  Study EGAS00001000665

• Prostate Cancer and Normal Adjacent Prostate RNA-seq samples, NGS-ProToCol

  The dataset "Prostate Cancer and Normal Adjacent Prostate RNA-seq samples, NGS-ProToCol" includes 41 Normal Adjacent Prostate and 51 ribo-depleted Prostate Cancer RNA-seq samples. ---- Detection of fusion transcripts and their genomic breakpoints from RNA sequencing data Youri Hoogstrate, Malgorzata A. Komor, René Böttcher, Job van Riet, Harmen J. G. van de Werken, Stef van Lieshout, Ralf Hoffmann, Evert van den Broek, Anne S. Bolijn, Natasja Dits, Daoud Sie, David van der Meer, Floor Pepers, Chris H. Bangma, Geert J. L. H. van Leenders, Marcel Smid, Pim French, John W.M. Martens, Wilbert van Workum, Peter J. van der Spek, Bart Janssen, Eric Caldenhoven, Christian Rausch, Mark de Jong, Andrew P. Stubbs, Gerrit A. Meijer, Remond J.A. Fijneman, Guido Jenster

  Study EGAS00001002816