7147 results for "canc*"

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• Exome sequencing of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms

  Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive haematological malignancy derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Due to the rarity of BPDCNs our knowledge of their molecular pathogenesis was until recently confined to observations describing reccurent chromosomal deletions involving chromosomes 5q, 12p, 13q, 6q, 15q and 9. A recent publication went on to delineate the common deleted regions using aCGH and demonstrated that these centred around known tumour suppressor genes including CDKN2A/B (9p21.3), RB1 (12p13.2-14.3), CDKN1B (13q11-q12) and IKZF1 (7p12.2). These mutations are found recurrently in several different cancers and in most cases are thought to be involved in tumour progression rather than initiation. However, the well-defined nature and cellular ontogeny of these neoplasms suggests strongly that they share one or a few characteristic mutations as has been demonstrated for other uncommon but well-defined neoplasms such as Hairy Cell Leukemia (BRAF) and ovarian Granulosa Cell tumours (FOXL2).

  Dataset EGAD00001000406

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a leiomyosarcoma patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a leiomyosarcoma patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001004629

• Constitutional and somatic genomic rearrangements coherently restructure chromosome 21 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

  Changes in gene dosage are a major driver of cancer1, engineered from a finite, but increasingly well annotated, repertoire of mutational mechanisms2-6. These processes operate over levels ranging from individual exons to whole chromosomes, often generating correlated copy number alterations across hundreds of linked genes. An example of the latter is the 2% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) characterized by recurrent intrachromosomal amplification of megabase regions of chromosome 21 (iAMP21)7,8 To dissect the interplay between mutational processes and selection on this scale, we used genomic, cytogenetic and transcriptional analysis, coupled with novel bioinformatic approaches, to reconstruct the evolution of iAMP21 ALL. We find that individuals born with the rare constitutional Robertsonian translocation between chromosomes 15 and 21, rob(15;21)(q10;q10)c, have ~2700-fold increased risk of developing iAMP21 ALL compared to the general population. In such cases, amplification is initiated by chromothripsis involving both sister chromatids of the dicentric Robertsonian chromosome. In contrast, sporadic iAMP21 is typically initiated by breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) events, often followed by chromothripsis or other rearrangements. In both sporadic and iAMP21 in rob(15;21)c individuals, the final stages of amplification frequently involve large-scale duplications of the abnormal chromosome. The end-product is a derivative chromosome 21 or a derivative originating from the rob(15;21)c chromosome, der(15;21), respectively, with gene dosage optimised for leukemic potential, showing constrained copy number levels over multiple linked genes. In summary, the constitutional translocation, rob(15;21)c, predisposes to leukemia through a novel mechanism, namely a propensity to undergo chromothripsis, likely related to its dicentric nature. More generally, our data illustrate that several cancer-specific mutational processes, applied sequentially, can co-ordinate to fashion copy number profiles over large genomic scales, incrementally refining the fitness benefits of aggregated gene dosage changes.

  Dataset EGAD00001000658

• FinHer Breast Cancer Study

  The purpose of this study is to sequence 500 known cancer genes in 960 newly diagnosed high risk breast cancer patients treated with current standard of care therapies and trastuzumab, for somatic alteration and copy number changes. We will be using next gen sequencing technology to determine the prognostic relevance of these somatic genetic alterations and of teh low frequency events to determine if they are associated with trastuzumab benefit or HER2 positive breast cancer, i.e. treatment interaction. The samples will be analysed adn correlated with clinical variables including outcome.

  Dataset EGAD00001000871

• Somatic cancer gene mutation screening

  Sequencing of colorectal tumors and normal tissue using Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel V2

  Dataset EGAD00001001010

• Distinct evolutionary trajectories of primary high grade serous ovarian cancers revealed through spatial mutational profiling

  High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is characterized by poor outcome, often attributed to emergence of treatment-resistant sub-clones. We sought to measure the degree of genomic diversity within primary, untreated HGSC to examine the natural state of tumor evolution prior to therapy. We performed exome sequencing, copy number analysis, targeted amplicon deep sequencing and gene expression profiling on thirty-one spatially and temporally separated HGSC tumor specimens (six patients) including ovarian masses, distant metastases, and fallopian tube lesions. We found widespread intra-tumoral variation in mutation, copy number, and gene expression profiles, with key driver alterations in genes present in only a subset of samples (e.g. PIK3CA, CTNNB1, NF1). On average, only 51.5% of mutations were present in every sample of a given case (range: 10.2% to 91.4%), with TP53 as the only somatic mutation consistently present in all samples. Complex segmental aneuploidies, such as whole genome doubling, were present in a subset of samples from the same individual, with divergent copy number changes segregating independently of point mutation acquisition. Reconstruction of evolutionary histories showed one patient with mixed HGSC and endometrioid histology with common etiologic origin in the fallopian tube and subsequent selection of different driver mutations in the histologically distinct samples. In this patient, we observed mixed cell populations in the early fallopian tube lesion, indicating diversity arises at early stages of tumorigenesis. Our results reveal that HGSC exhibit highly individual evolutionary trajectories and diverse genomic tapestries prior to therapy, exposing an essential biological characteristic to inform future design of personalized therapeutic solutions and investigation of drug resistance mechanisms.

  Dataset EGAD00001000974

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a primary unknown- upper GI or pulmonary patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a primary unknown- upper GI or pulmonary patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005827

• Highly differentiated, fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma.

  Sequencing was performed using OncoPanel v.2 (OPv2), an Agilent SureSelect custom designed bait set consisting of the coding regions of 504 genes, previously linked to human cancer. Sequencing wa sperformed on an Illumina HiSeq 2500. 8 highly differentiated, fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma tumor samples were sequenced. BAM files are available for download.

  Dataset EGAD00001003887

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a neuroendocrine tumor (GIC) patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a neuroendocrine tumor (GIC) patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005866

• Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a pancreatic cancer patient

  Genome and transcriptome sequence data from a pancreatic cancer patient, generated as part of the BC Cancer Agency's Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) study

  Dataset EGAD00001005868