1 sample is pure plasmid DNA and 10 samples are cell pellets for genomic DNA extraction. CRISPR PCR1 and PCR2 indexing - Please use standard Kozuke primers.
These data are from subjects in the Sangre Por Salud (SPS) Biobank, a Latino population from the Southwest United States. Subjects were genotyped in 2 batches on the Illumina Multi-ethnic Global Array. Data from this study were used for testing a new cardiovascular risk score and evaluating polygenic risk scores. SPS biobank GWAS data is available on 3699 subjects.
Acne vulgaris affects 17 million Americans, more than 80% of the people of age 12-24. The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between acne pathogenesis and the skin microbiota residing in the microcomedones. This study will enroll approximately 100 healthy individuals and acne patients, both male and female with age 13 or older. Data obtained from this study will help better understand the disease pathogenesis and may lead to the development of new effective therapeutic strategies for treatment of acne.
BackgroundValley Fever is typically an infection of the lungs caused by the fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. The incidence of Coccidioidomycosis (CM), or infection with Coccidioides, has dramatically increased over the last 20 years. This is particularly true in the Southwest of the United States, where people often breathe fungal spores that arise from the soil. Reasons for increased infection rates are thought to include population growth and construction in these endemic regions, an increase in the number of people whose immune systems are compromised due to infection or treatment with drugs required for organ transplants, climate change, as well as improved testing practices and greater physician awareness. Mild CM most commonly presents itself with flu-like symptoms and rashes, which can last weeks to months. Individuals with compromised immune systems, specifically-- substantial suppression of the immune cells known as T cells, can develop severe pulmonary and disseminated disease. Infection that remains localized to the lungs is referred to as pulmonary disease, but when the infection spreads out of the lungs into other parts of the body it represents a more serious condition referred to as a disseminated disease, or disseminated CM. In nature, Coccidioides spp. exists as mold and lives in dust and soil. When the contaminated soil or dust is disturbed by human activity, animals, or weather, the Coccidiodies spores are released into the air. Airborne spores are taken up by breathing and settle in the lungs. Once in the moist and warm environment of the lung, spores transform into spherules, which divide and become filled with smaller spores, called endospores. When the spherules get large enough, they rupture and release these endospores, which can spread and disseminate to surrounding tissue. The cycle then repeats itself as these endospores develop into new spherules3. Different ethnic groups have been described to vary in their susceptibility to developing disseminated CM after initial infection with Coccidioides. For example, evidence suggests that African-American and Filipino patients suffer the disseminated disease at a greater rate than other ethnicities. The suggestion that race plays a role in the clinical expression of the disease is still a source of debate amongst the scientific community and any genetic mechanisms responsible for these differences have yet to be fully elucidated. If our genetic makeup influences our ability to limit the spread of infection, finding which DNA differences cause these variances could provide clues to how the body successfully fights infection, and provide opportunities to boost the body’s ability to do this. Further, if we are able to identify the specific genetic risk factors that correlate with the development of disseminated infection, physicians could perform genetic screenings to identify high-risk patients and provide them with preemptive antifungal therapy prior to developing disseminated disease.The genome, made up of DNA, contains all of the information needed for humans to develop and grow. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) allow us to look for inherited differences that are more common between people who share a particular trait, for example, height or susceptibility to certain diseases, compared to those who do not share the trait. Although some traits and diseases are controlled by a single gene, the majority are influenced by contribution from several, or even many, different genes. To find evidence of genes that contribute to specific traits, GWAS typically compares genome information from large numbers of people who have a particular disease (referred to as “cases”) looking for DNA sequences that are common among these samples, and are different from DNA sequences seen in large numbers of people who lack the trait, but are as much like the cases as possible (referred to as “controls”). The DNA sequence data from each group, cases versus controls, are analyzed to see if there are specific genomic differences that tend to be associated with the disease. MethodsTwo separate GWAS approaches were taken to look for genetic differences that could be responsible for the observed differences between the different patient populations we are studying. The first method, known as genotyping, scans for differences at a set of positions across the genome, which includes both the genes that encode our proteins and the larger amount of DNA that does not. The second method, known as exome sequencing, allows us to compare the entire sequence of the portion of the genome that codes for proteins.  For this study, DNA from patients with either pulmonary or disseminated CM were genotyped and exome sequenced to look for DNA differences that are associated with one condition or the other. All patients were at least 18 years old, had no evidence of immunosuppression, and had proven or probable pulmonary coccidioidomycosis according to established diagnostic criteria. Of these patients, a subset demonstrated disseminated disease, i.e., they showed evidence of coccidioidal infection outside of the thorax by biopsy/aspiration, had radiographic imaging, and show positive coccidioidal serology. Our criteria for including patients with the pulmonary disease were that they must not require ongoing antifungal treatment or show evidence of active CM (in skin test positive patients), show no evidence of extrapulmonary dissemination, and have no evidence of ongoing pulmonary infection (pulmonary nodules are accepted) beyond six months from diagnosis.Patient DNA was purified from blood or from sputum samples by the labs of our collaborators, Drs. George Thompson (UC Davis School of Medicine) and John Galgiani (University of Arizona Health Sciences). Genome-wide association (GWAS) analysis was carried out to look for candidate loci associated with pulmonary versus disseminated disease, taking into account the population structure of the samples. Single nucleotide or insertion/deletion variants were identified from whole-exome sequences (WES) using the Picard/BWA/GATK pipeline. ResultsTable 1. Pulmonary versus Disseminated Cases of Coccidiomycosis for GWAS, Sorted by EthnicityEthnicityPulmonary CasesDisseminated CasesAsian85Black/African American1664Caucasian/White4015Filipino03Hispanic/Latino3414Indian21Mexican American1039Pacific Islander01Samoan03Vietnamese10Unknown16917More than one race02Total373134Table 1 shows the number of samples analyzed from patients with pulmonary versus disseminated disease, and patient ethnicity, where known. In all, we worked with 507 samples, including 134 samples from patients with disseminated disease and 373 samples from patients with pulmonary disease. Of these, 505 samples were genotyped using the Multi-Ethnic Global Array from Illumina Inc. In addition, we were able to generate whole-exome sequence from 498 patient samples. No significant associations were detected that differed between samples from patients with pulmonary versus disseminated disease; that is, no particular DNA sequences were found to be significantly enriched in patients with disseminated disease compared to patients with pulmonary disease. The ability to detect genetic association between specific sequences and genetically determined traits is influenced by several factors, including how many patient samples are available to compare, how many different genes contribute to the trait and how strong their contributions are. When the number of genes is small and the contribution of each gene is great, smaller numbers of patient samples are needed to detect an association. When more genes are involved, or the contribution from each gene is more modest, larger numbers of patient samples must be examined. While we were not able to detect any associated within this study, it does not mean that subsequent studies would not find this connection. Our study suggests significantly more samples should be analyzed in further studies.Whole-exome sequences were generated from 498 samples and were aligned to reference sequences to identify positions where the sequences differed from the reference. These data are being analyzed to determine if any variants are associated with pulmonary, versus disseminated, disease. 
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a highly fatal malignancy with known genetic etiology; however, it is estimated that a substantial portion of narrow sense heritability remains to be discovered. The goal of this research was to use genetic information from distantly related ovarian cancer cases to identify regions of the genome that may harbor rare risk variants for epithelial ovarian cancer. The study was conducted in the setting of the Utah Population Database, a statewide data resource in which extensive ancestry data are linked to Utah Cancer Registry records. Focusing on families with a statistically significant excess risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, we used the Infinium Global Screening Array v.3.0 to generate germline genotyping data for distantly related cases. We then applied Shared Genomic Segment Analysis to each set of related cases to identify genomic regions that may harbor ovarian cancer risk variants. Eleven regions were identified. Genotype data are available through dbGaP for one case from each pedigree. Genotype data from other ovarian cancer cases within the high-risk pedigrees as well as the pedigrees' corresponding structures can be requested and made available with approval from the Utah Resource for Genetic and Epidemiologic Research (RGE).
ADVANCE (Atherosclerotic Disease, VAscular functioN, and genetiC Epidemiology) is a large epidemiological study of genetic and non-genetic determinants of coronary artery disease (CAD) that started in 2000 as a collaborative effort between researchers at Stanford University and Kaiser Permanente of Northern California. The overarching goal of the study is to improve our ability to prevent, diagnose and treat CAD. The initial study included recruitment of over 3600 subjects (including 1873 subjects with incident clinically significant coronary disease and 1745 control subjects) from multiple race/ethnic backgrounds. A subset of ~ 500 subjects with very early onset coronary disease (men < 45 and women < 55) and ~ 500 similar aged controls were genotyped using the Illumina 550K platform as part of an NIH funded effort within the STAMPEED consortium.
This is a genome-wide association scan of 931 early-onset prostate cancer cases of European ancestry. The samples were selected from prostate cancer studies at the University of Michigan. Controls were previously genotyped individuals selected from the Cancer Genetics Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) and Illumina's iControlDB database.
While some individuals age without pathological memory impairments, others develop age-associated cognitive diseases. Since changes in cognitive function develop slowly over time in these patients, they are often diagnosed at an advanced stage of molecular pathology, a time point when causative treatments fail. Thus, there is great need for the identification of inexpensive and minimal invasive approaches that could be used for screening with the aim to to identify individuals at risk for cognitive decline that can then undergo further diagnostics and eventually stratified therapies. In this study we use an integrative approach combining the analysis of human data and mechanistic studies in model systems to identify a circulating 3-microRNA signature that reflect key processes linked to neural homeostasis and informs about cognitive status. We furthermore provide evidence that expression changes of this signature represent multiple mechanisms de-regulated in the aging and diseased brain and are a suitable target for RNA therapeutics.
The goal of the study is to confirm and further characterize structural variants and complex genomic rearrangements using adaptive sampling with Oxford Nanopore Sequencing. Individuals with known structural variants were included in the study and the known rearrangement regions were targeted in the sequencing experiments. In addition to long-read coverage over the targeted regions (around 25X coverage), the rest of the genome is covered by short off-target reads (around 5X coverage).
Brainstem gliomas are the most devastating and lethal tumors. Survival rates are among the lowest in all cancers and options for intervention are likewise low. Due to anatomical delicacy of these areas, resection of tumors is particularly difficult and attempted resections have high perioperative mortality rates. Genomic and epigenetic studies often provide a gateway to functional studies of specific classifications of tumors that can lead to major breakthroughs in diagnosis and treatment options.
