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• Clinical Study of Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB-BioLINCC)

  Data Access NOTE: Please refer to the “Authorized Access” section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of long-term intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) treatment when used as an adjunct to the overall care of ambulatory outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The evaluation compared the use of IPPB with use of a powered nebulizer.Participants: A total of 3218 participants were enrolled.Design: Multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. Conclusions: Compliance with treatment, lung function, and quality of life were evaluated at regular intervals during follow-up, and records were kept of hospitalizations and vital status. Treatment compliance was less than optimal; only half of the participants used their devices for the prescribed amount of time or 10 minutes at least three times a day. Although this was disappointing, it was probably the best compliance that could be attained. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups in mortality, rate and duration of hospitalizations, or change in lung function or life quality with time, overall or for clinically relevant subgroups. The trial group saw no advantage of IPPB over compressor nebulizer therapy and concluded that, if an advantage existed, it must be marginal.

  Study phs004010

• National Institute on Aging Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS)

  NIAGADS is an NIH controlled-access data repository that collaborates with researchers around the world to facilitate data access and sharing for genomic and associated omics data related to Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD), as well as healthy aging. Serving as the data coordinating center for the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), NIAGADS hosts all ADSP-generated whole-exome, whole-genome and associated phenotypes. Other data types hosted by NIAGADS include genotype SNP arrays, functional omics, fluid biomarkers, aggregated imaging data (such as volumetric data for brain regions of interest), and summary statistics. In adherence with NIH security best practices and genome data sharing policies, NIAGADS supports data access requests through review by an NIH-appointed and registered Data Access Committee. Data stored within NIAGADS cannot be requested via dbGaP. Data requests must go through the NIAGADS Data Sharing Service (DSS) via the following NIAGADS url: https://dss.niagads.org/. Questions related to the request of data should be directed to the NIAGADS admin team at: niagads@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. DSS is a FISMA certified platform built by a team of data scientists at the University of Pennsylvania to support the request and access of AD/ADRD data by qualified researchers internationally. Questions related to the use of data hosted in the DSS should be directed to the Portal admin team at: help@niagads.org.

  Study phs004180

• Nala TAS-LRS PGx Study

  Pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing improves medication safety and efficacy by identifying genetic variants that affect drug response. However, current technologies often fail to resolve complex loci, detect structural variants, or phase alleles accurately. Here, we present an end-to-end PGx workflow based on Targeted Adaptive Sampling-Long Read Sequencing (TAS-LRS), integrating a streamlined laboratory protocol with a bioinformatics pipeline that includes a novel CYP2D6 caller. Using 1,000 ng of DNA and three-sample multiplexing on a single PromethION flow cell, the assay achieves consistent on-target (25x) and off-target (3x) coverage, enabling accurate, haplotype-resolved testing of 35 pharmacogenes alongside genome-wide genotyping from off-target reads. We further developed the workflow into a clinically ready service and validated its performance across 17 reference and clinical samples. The assay demonstrated high concordance for small variants (99.9%) and structural variants (>95%), with phased diplotypes and metabolizer phenotypes reaching 97.7% and 98.0% concordance, respectively. Improved calls were observed in 12 genes due to enhanced genotyping, phasing, or novel allele detection. In addition, off-target reads supported accurate genome-wide imputation, comparable to short-read sequencing and superior to microarrays. These results establish the feasibility of long-read sequencing for clinical PGx testing and position TAS-LRS as a scalable solution combining both targeted and genome-wide utility.

  Study EGAS50000001116

• What is metadata?

  What is metadata? Data represents units of information and metadata can be seen, simply put, as data about other data. For example, in a simple experiment in which a patient genome was sequenced, there are multiple and diverse fields of metadata: from the biological sex of the patient to the sequencing platform used. Another way to understand metadata, following our genomic experiment example, is going through the different layers of (meta)data: One of the basic units of information (data) would be the sequence of nucleotides (e.g. GCTGG and GCCGG). This DNA sequence can be contextualised within a chromosome by providing its locus (e.g. β-globin gene). This data, the locus, is about other data, the sequence of nucleotides, which would render it metadata. We can go one step further, and provide more context, by giving the associated phenotype of each of these sequences: GCTGG corresponds to a healthy individual, while GCCGG corresponds to a person with β-thalassaemia. Once again, this data is contextualising the data we have provided up to this point, which makes it metadata. With this simple example, what we are doing is adding layers of data that describe the ones below. Had we given the sequences alone, little would be possible from the researchers' point of view. But, now that the data has its accompanying metadata, a researcher could compare both sequences and their phenotypes to infer a possible cause of the disorder. Each layer of information broadens the possible applications of the data. Now that we know what metadata is, it is time to emphasise the importance of submitting good quality metadata. The quality of the metadata will determine whether the data is usable, discoverable, and interpretable by researchers and clinicians. One example that highlights the importance of good quality metadata is the description of biological sex of a patient: while the terms "female," "girl," or "woman" all represent the same concept, they are not harmonised. These different representations of a concept can create confusion and errors in data analysis. By applying standard definitions and terminologies to biological sex metadata, we can avoid misunderstandings and facilitate the integration of different datasets.  In order to comply with the FAIR principles and, more specifically, to allow for the (meta)data to be interoperable (i.e. used universally and unambiguously), we need to place some standards onto the (meta)data EGA  archives. These can be as simple as asserting that the given patient's biological sex is one of the correct terms (e.g. female or male); or as complex as multiple layers and combinations of validation steps with existing records. You can find further details on how EGA manages these standards on our metadata model page.

  Documentation submission/metadata/what-is-metadata

• Exome and RNA sequencing of relapsed TCF3-PBX1 t(1;19) acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  TCF3-PBX1 (E2A-PBX1) is a recurrent gene fusion in B-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), which is caused by the translocation t(1;19)(q23;p13). TCF3-PBX1 BCP-ALL patients typically benefit from chemotherapy; however, many relapse and subsequently develop resistant disease with few effective treatment options. Mechanisms driving disease progression and therapy resistance have not been studied in TCF3-PBX1 BCP-ALL. Here, we aimed to identify novel treatment options for TCF3-PBX1 BCP-ALL by profiling leukemia cells from a relapsed patient, and determine molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis and progression. By drug sensitivity testing of leukemic blasts from the index patient, control samples and TCF3-PBX1 positive and negative BCP-ALL cell lines, we identified the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase delta (p110δ) inhibitor idelalisib as an effective treatment for TCF3-PBX1 BCP-ALL. This was further supported by evidence showing TCF3-PBX1 directly regulates expression of PIK3CD, the gene encoding p110δ. Other somatic mutations to TP53 and MTOR, as well as aberrant expression of CXCR4, may influence additional drug sensitivities specific to the index patient and accompanied progression of the disease. Our results suggest that idelalisib is a promising treatment option for patients with TCF3-PBX1 BCP-ALL while other drugs could be useful depending on the genetic context of individual patients.

  Study EGAS00001001876

• Comparison of 133/144bp dominant phenotype vs 166bp dominant phenotype.

  Background: Previous studies found that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) generated from tumors was shorter than that from healthy cells, and selecting short cfDNA could enrich for tumor cfDNA and improve its usage in early cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring; however, the underlying mechanism of shortened tumor cfDNA was still unknown, which potentially limits its further clinical application.Results: Using targeted sequencing of cfDNA in a large cohort of solid tumor patient, sequencing reads harboring tumor-specific somatic mutations were isolated to examine the exact size distribution of tumor cfDNA. For the majority of studied cases, 166bp remained as the peak size of tumor cfDNA, with tumor cfDNA showing an increased proportion of short fragments (100-150bp). Less than 1% of cfDNA samples were found to be peaked at 134/144bp and independent of tumor cfDNA purity. Using whole-genome sequencing of cfDNA, we discovered a positive correlation between cfDNA shortening and the magnitude of chromatin inaccessibility, as measured by transcription, DNase I hypersensitivity, and histone modifications. Tumor cfDNA shortening occurred simultaneously at both 5’ and 3’ ends of the DNA wrapped around nucleosomes. Conclusions: Tumor cfDNA shortening exhibited two distinctive modes. Tumor cfDNA purity and chromatin inaccessibility were contributing factors but insufficient to trigger a global transition from 166bp dominant to 134/144bp dominant phenotype.

  Study EGAS00001004135

• Using_genetics_to_identify_cell_types_and_mechanisms_underlying_susceptibility_to_primary_sclerosing_cholangitis

  Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a T-cell mediated, chronic inflammatory condition of the biliary tree that is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Genome-wide association studies have identified 22 non-HLA genetic risk variants associated PSC. Identifying the genes impacted by these variants has proven difficult as the majority lie in non-coding regions of the genome. Knowledge of the genes and biological pathways these non-coding variants are perturbing is vital to understanding the disease biology. One means of assessing the impact of non-coding variants within disease associated loci upon genes is via colocalisation with eQTL. Many eQTL are cell-type specific, requiring the analysis of disease relevant cell types to detect colocalisation. We have collected PSC-relevant T-cell-subtypes from the peripheral blood of PSC patients via fluorescence activated cell sorting in preparation for RNA sequencing and mapping of eQTL. Samples were collected at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hopital, for which local ethical approval has been granted. Lysed cell samples will be transferred to WTSI and DNA/RNA will be extracted from lysed cell samples by T143 before genotyping (DNA) and custom library preparation and sequencing (RNA). This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001002643

• MutWP1__CRUK_Grand_Challenge_Mutographs_of_Cancer__Oesophageal_squamous_cell_carcinoma

  The Mutographs project aims to advance our understanding of the causes of cancer through studies of mutational signatures. Led by Mike Stratton, together with Paul Brennan, Ludmil Alexandrov, Allan Balmain, David Phillips and Peter Campbell, this large-scale international research endeavour was awarded a Cancer Research UK Grand Challenge. Different patterns of somatic mutation are generated by the different environmental, lifestyle and genetic factors that cause cancer, many of them are still unknown. Within Mutographs, the International Agency for Research on Cancer is coordinating the recruitment of 5000 individuals with cancer (colorectal, renal, pancreatic, oesophageal adenocarcinoma or oesophageal squamous cancers) across 5 continents to explore whether different mutational signatures explain marked variation in incidence. In brief, through an international network of collaborators around the world, biological materials are collected, along with demographic, histological, clinical and questionnaire data. Whole genome sequences of tumour-germline DNA pairs are generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (Illumina HiSeqX, 40X and 20X depth respectively). Somatic mutational signatures are subsequently extracted by non-negative matrix factorisation methods and correlated with risk factors data. Through an enhanced understanding of cancer aetiology, Mutographs unprecedented effort is anticipated to outline modifiable risk factors, lead to new approaches to prevent cancer, and provide opportunities to empower early detection, refine high-risk groups and contribute to further therapeutic development.

  Study EGAS00001002725

• MutWP1__CRUK_Grand_Challenge_Mutographs_of_Cancer__pancreas

  The Mutographs project aims to advance our understanding of the causes of cancer through studies of mutational signatures. Led by Mike Stratton, together with Paul Brennan, Ludmil Alexandrov, Allan Balmain, David Phillips and Peter Campbell, this large-scale international research endeavour was awarded a Cancer Research UK Grand Challenge. Different patterns of somatic mutation are generated by the different environmental, lifestyle and genetic factors that cause cancer, many of them are still unknown. Within Mutographs, the International Agency for Research on Cancer is coordinating the recruitment of 5000 individuals with cancer (colorectal, renal, pancreatic, oesophageal adenocarcinoma or oesophageal squamous cancers) across 5 continents to explore whether different mutational signatures explain marked variation in incidence. In brief, through an international network of collaborators around the world, biological materials are collected, along with demographic, histological, clinical and questionnaire data. Whole genome sequences of tumour-germline DNA pairs are generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (Illumina HiSeqX, 40X and 20X depth respectively). Somatic mutational signatures are subsequently extracted by non-negative matrix factorisation methods and correlated with risk factors data. Through an enhanced understanding of cancer aetiology, Mutographs unprecedented effort is anticipated to outline modifiable risk factors, lead to new approaches to prevent cancer, and provide opportunities to empower early detection, refine high-risk groups and contribute to further therapeutic development.

  Study EGAS00001002726

• Drug-perturbation-based stratification of blood cancer

  As new generations of targeted therapies emerge and tumor genome sequencing discovers increasingly comprehensive mutation repertoires, the functional relationships of mutations to tumor phenotypes remain largely unknown. Here, we measured ex vivo sensitivity of 246 blood cancers to 63 drugs alongside genome, transcriptome, and DNA methylome analysis to understand determinants of drug response. We assembled a primary blood cancer cell encyclopedia data set that revealed disease-specific sensitivities for each cancer. Within chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), responses to 62% of drugs were associated with 2 or more mutations, and linked the B cell receptor (BCR) pathway to trisomy 12, an important driver of CLL. Based on drug responses, the disease could be organized into phenotypic subgroups characterized by exploitable dependencies on BCR, mTOR, or MEK signaling and associated with mutations, gene expression, and DNA methylation. Fourteen percent of CLLs were driven by mTOR signaling in a non–BCR-dependent manner. Multivariate modeling revealed immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene (IGHV) mutation status and trisomy 12 as the most important modulators of response to kinase inhibitors in CLL. Ex vivo drug responses were associated with outcome. This study overcomes the perception that most mutations do not influence drug response of cancer, and points to an updated approach to understanding tumor biology, with implications for biomarker discovery and cancer care.

  Study EGAS00001001746

• Using_genetics_to_identify_cell_types_and_mechanisms_underlying_susceptibility_to_primary_sclerosing_cholangitis

  Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a T-cell mediated, chronic inflammatory condition of the biliary tree that is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Genome-wide association studies have identified 22 non-HLA genetic risk variants associated PSC. Identifying the genes impacted by these variants has proven difficult as the majority lie in non-coding regions of the genome. Knowledge of the genes and biological pathways these non-coding variants are perturbing is vital to understanding the disease biology. One means of assessing the impact of non-coding variants within disease associated loci upon genes is via colocalisation with eQTL. Many eQTL are cell-type specific, requiring the analysis of disease relevant cell types to detect colocalisation. We have collected PSC-relevant T-cell-subtypes from the peripheral blood of PSC patients via fluorescence activated cell sorting in preparation for RNA sequencing and mapping of eQTL. Samples were collected at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hopital, for which local ethical approval has been granted. Lysed cell samples will be transferred to WTSI and DNA/RNA will be extracted from lysed cell samples by T143 before genotyping (DNA) and custom library preparation and sequencing (RNA). This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001002642

• Characterization_of_genomic_landscape_of_Peripheral_T_cell_Lymphomas__not_otherwise_specified__PTCL_NOS_

  Peripheral T-cell lymphomas not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) represent a heterogeneous group of nodal and extra-nodal mature T-cell lymphomas, with a low prevalence in Western countries. PTCL-NOSs account for about 25% of all PTCLs and are currently diagnosed based on exclusion criteria, as this lymphomas lack unifying morphological, phenotypic and genomic features. Cytogenetic and FISH analysis of PTCL-NOS samples have not revealed recurrent pathogenetic abnormalities, while gene expression profiling has shown only partial ability to segregate cases representing homogeneous clinic-pathological entities. This underscores the need to look at PTCL-NOS with innovative and high-throughput approaches to identify recurrent genetic lesions that could further our understanding of the biology of this heterogeneous group of diseases, provide better diagnostic tools and perhaps new targets for innovative treatments. Our aim is to study ~15 patients affected by PTCL-NOS. Out study will be funded by a private, non-profit Italian cancer research fund (Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, www.airc.it) based on a grant owned by Anna Dodero and Cristiana Carniti, hematologists at INT. Samples will be analysed by whole genome sequencing using Illumina X10 machines, on a 150bp-PE protocol. Data will be analysed using the pipeline available in Team 78, under the supervision of Peter Campbell, the WTSI faculty who will oversee the project, and by Francesco Maura, visiting scientist at the WTSI.

  Study EGAS00001002057

• MutWP1__CRUK_Grand_Challenge_Mutographs_of_Cancer__Oesophageal_adenocarcinoma

  The Mutographs project aims to advance our understanding of the causes of cancer through studies of mutational signatures. Led by Mike Stratton, together with Paul Brennan, Ludmil Alexandrov, Allan Balmain, David Phillips and Peter Campbell, this large-scale international research endeavour was awarded a Cancer Research UK Grand Challenge. Different patterns of somatic mutation are generated by the different environmental, lifestyle and genetic factors that cause cancer, many of them are still unknown. Within Mutographs, the International Agency for Research on Cancer is coordinating the recruitment of 5000 individuals with cancer (colorectal, renal, pancreatic, oesophageal adenocarcinoma or oesophageal squamous cancers) across 5 continents to explore whether different mutational signatures explain marked variation in incidence. In brief, through an international network of collaborators around the world, biological materials are collected, along with demographic, histological, clinical and questionnaire data. Whole genome sequences of tumour-germline DNA pairs are generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (40X and 20X depth respectively). Somatic mutational signatures are subsequently extracted by non-negative matrix factorisation methods and correlated with risk factors data. Through an enhanced understanding of cancer aetiology, Mutographs unprecedented effort is anticipated to outline modifiable risk factors, lead to new approaches to prevent cancer, and provide opportunities to empower early detection, refine high-risk groups and contribute to further therapeutic development.

  Study EGAS00001003702

• MutWP1__CRUK_Grand_Challenge_Mutographs_of_Cancer__head___neck

  The Mutographs project aims to advance our understanding of the causes of cancer through studies of mutational signatures. Led by Mike Stratton, together with Paul Brennan, Ludmil Alexandrov, Allan Balmain, David Phillips and Peter Campbell, this large-scale international research endeavour was awarded a Cancer Research UK Grand Challenge. Different patterns of somatic mutation are generated by the different environmental, lifestyle and genetic factors that cause cancer, many of them are still unknown. Within Mutographs, the International Agency for Research on Cancer is coordinating the recruitment of 5000 individuals with cancer (colorectal, renal, pancreatic, oesophageal adenocarcinoma or oesophageal squamous cancers) across 5 continents to explore whether different mutational signatures explain marked variation in incidence. In brief, through an international network of collaborators around the world, biological materials are collected, along with demographic, histological, clinical and questionnaire data. Whole genome sequences of tumour-germline DNA pairs are generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Non-tumour DNA is also studied for some cancer types. Somatic mutational signatures are subsequently extracted by non-negative matrix factorisation methods and correlated with risk factors data. Through an enhanced understanding of cancer aetiology, Mutographs unprecedented effort is anticipated to outline modifiable risk factors, lead to new approaches to prevent cancer, and provide opportunities to empower early detection, refine high-risk groups and contribute to further therapeutic development.

  Study EGAS00001005450

• Real-time analysis of the cancer genome and fragmentome from plasma and urine short and long cell-free DNA using Nanopore sequencing

  Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can be isolated from blood and/or urine of cancer patients and analyzed with sequencing. Unfortunately, most conventional short-read sequencing methods are technically challenging, labor intensive and time consuming, requiring several days but more typically weeks to obtain interpretable data which are limited by a bias for short cfDNA fragments. Here, we demonstrate that with Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing  we can achieve economical and ultra-fast delivery of clinical data from liquid biopsies.   Our ‘ITSFASTR’ approach is able to deliver copy number aberrations, and cfDNA fragmentation profiles in less than 24 hours from sample collection. The tumor-derived cfDNA fraction calculated from lung cancer patient plasma and urine from bladder cancer patients was highly correlated (R=0.98) to the tumor fraction calculated from conventional short-read sequencing of the same samples. cfDNA size profile and fragmentation patterns in plasma and urine exhibited the typical cfDNA features yet with a significantly higher proportion of informative fragments that exceed 300bp, exhibiting similar tumor fraction than shorter size fragments. Notably, comprehensive fragment-end composition and nucleosome profiling near transcription start sites can be determined from the same data.  We propose that ITSFASTR is the first point-of-care solution for obtaining genomic and fragmentomic results from liquid biopsies.

  Study EGAS00001006591

• Structural variant analysis of homologous recombination-deficient genomes

  Homologous recombination (HR) deficiency causes DNA breaks and cytogenetic aberrations. Paradoxically, the types of DNA rearrangements specifically associated with HR-deficient cancers only minimally impact chromosomal structure. Addressing this, we combined a genome graph analysis of short-read whole genome sequencing (WGS) profiles across thousands of tumors with deep linked-read (LR) WGS of 46 BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutant breast cancers to discover a distinct class of HR deficiency-enriched rearrangements called reciprocal pairs. LR WGS showed that reciprocal pairs with identical rearrangement orientations gave rise to one of two distinct chromosomal outcomes, distinguishable only with long molecule data. While one (cis) outcome corresponded to the copy and pasting of a small segment to a distant site, a second (trans) outcome was a quasi-balanced translocation or multi-megabase inversion with substantial (10kb) duplications at each junction. The full spectrum of reciprocal pair outcomes could be explained by an HR-independent replication restart repair mechanism. LR WGS additionally identified single-strand annealing (SSA) as a BRCA2-deficiency specific repair pathway in human cancers. Replication restart- and SSA-associated SVs improved BRCA1- vs. BRCA2- deficiency classification and identified metastatic cancer cases with favorable chemotherapy responses. Our data reveal classes of BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficiency specific rearrangements as drivers of cytogenetic aberrations in HR deficient cells.

  Study EGAS00001007186

• Genes and Blood Clotting Study (GABC)

  Objectives: Use genome-wide approaches to identify genetic variants that influence common thrombosis and hemostasis factors, as well as selected common human traits. Design/Methods: The GABC study was a prospective sibling cohort design. Siblings were recruited by targeted email to the undergraduate and graduate student email lists at the University of Michigan. Healthy persons between 14 and 35 years old who had healthy siblings within the same age restriction were able to participate. Study participants agreed to an online informed consent and subsequently completed a 52-question online survey describing their specific bleeding traits as well as many common human traits. Fifty milliliters of blood was collected into a citrate-dextrose solution (ACD) from each participant. An aliquot of whole blood was used for an automated complete blood count analysis and the remainder was processed into platelet poor plasma and buffy coat portions. Plasma and buffy coat aliquots were snap frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen for future studies. 1189 individuals representing 507 sibships were collected between 06/26/2006 and 01/30/2009. Phenotyping Survey Details: To characterize individual bruising and bleeding history, the online survey recorded answers to questions based on a modified von Willebrand Disease (VWD) screening questionnaire. To characterize a collection of participant's common human traits, the survey recorded answers to questions about height, weight, presence of skin tags, history of acne, eye color, hair color, hair line characteristics, skin sunburn sensitivity, skin tanning ability, natural skin color, freckling, cheek dimpling, earlobe shape, shoe size, foot arch characteristics, hand fifth digit morphology, history of dyslexia, history of migraine headaches, history of seasonal allergies, history of apthous ulcers, tendency to sneeze while walking into a bright sunny place, history of dental caries, need for corrective eye lenses, handedness and like or dislike of strongly flavored foods. Biochemical phenotyping: Assays for plasma Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) antigen were performed using ELISA and "Alphalisa" techniques. Automated complete blood count analysis was performed on a Bayer Advia 120 on all participants (including WBC differential, RBC indices, and platelet count.) For the dbGaP v2 update, new biochemical phenotypes have been submitted and include von Willebrand Factor, von Willebrand Factor propeptide, plasminogen, gamma prime fibrinogen, ADAMTS 13, antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S. All new phenotypes were obtained using "Alphalisa" techniques. Genotyping Details: SNP genotyping was performed using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood at the Broad Institute, (MIT/Harvard). Genotyping was performed on the Illumina Omni-1 quad chip at the Broad Institute. For the dbGaP v2 update, genotyping data from the Illumina Human Exome was deposited. This study is part of the Gene Environment Association Studies initiative (GENEVA, http://www.genevastudy.org) funded by the trans-NIH Genes, Environment, and Health Initiative (GEI). The overarching goal is to identify novel genetic factors that contribute to blood clotting through large-scale genome-wide association studies of siblings. Genotyping was performed at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, a GENEVA genotyping center. Data cleaning and harmonization was performed by the primary investigators at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and at the GEI-funded GENEVA Coordinating Center at the University of Washington. This study serves as a resource for investigators who are interested in the genetic determinants of specific plasma proteins in a healthy population. The sibling cohort design allows for linkage analysis in addition to association studies. Analysis of thrombosis and hemostasis related traits should help elucidate specific biochemical and genetic networks that maintain hemostasis. We hope to identify specific genetic determinants of VWF levels in order to better understand the factors that influence the development of VWD.

  Study phs000304

• Myocardial Infarction Genetics Exome Sequencing Consortium: Malmo Diet and Cancer Study

  The Malmo Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) is a community-based prospective epidemiologic cohort of 28,449 subjects who were recruited for baseline examination between 1991 and 1996. From this cohort, 6103 subjects were randomly selected to participate in a cardiovascular cohort (MDCSCC), which seeks to investigate risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This study is a subset of those samples. All exome sequencing was performed at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; samples sequence capture was performed using Illumina's ICE Capture reagent and sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 or 2500.

  Study phs001101

• Genome-Wide Association Study of Schizophrenia

  The goal of the study is to find susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. Dataset versioning Version 1: European-American (EA) ancestry only Version 2: Version 1 plus African-American (AA) ancestry Consent groups and participant set General research use (GRU): 4591 cases and controls (1217 EA cases, 1442 EA controls, 953 AA cases, 979 AA controls) This consent group includes a subset of schizophrenia cases and all controls (which overlap with Bipolar study controls in Bipolar: GRU dataset). Schizophrenia and related disorders (SARC): 475 cases (187 EA cases, 288 AA cases) This consent group includes a subset of schizophrenia cases.

  Study phs000021

• NHLBI TOPMed: Study of African Americans, Asthma, Genes and Environment (SAGE)

  This is a parallel case-control pharmacogenetic study of bronchodilator drug response among African American children with and without asthma. Each participant had spirometry measured using the KoKo PFT System. Asthmatic participants were administered with 4 puffs of HFA Albuterol. Healthy participants were given a baseline spirometry test. The overall goal is to identify genetic factors which are predictive of drug response in children with asthma. The principal tools include a questionnaire and biological specimen collection. Participants were 8-21 years old at time of recruitment. Children with asthma have physician-diagnosed asthma, symptoms and medications.

  Study phs000921

• A whole-genome sequencing study for evolutionary history of Tibetans and their genetic adaptations to high altitude

  Due to a unique adaptation to high altitude, the Tibetan Plateau population has been the subject of much research interest. In this study, we conducted whole genome sequencing of 27 Tibetan individuals. Through our analysis, we inferred a detailed history of demography and revealed the natural selection of Tibetan population. We provided evidence of genetic separation between the two subpopulations of Han and Tibetans as early as 44 to 58 thousand years ago, replicated previously reported high altitude adaptation genes, including EPAS1 and EGLN1, and reported three new candidate genes, including PTGIS, VDR, and KCTD12.

  Study phs001338

• Novel Factors for Unexplained Phenotypes of Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis

  The overall goal for this study was to determine the genetic factors associated with extreme phenotypes of subclinical atherosclerosis (protective and deleterious). Study participants were selected from the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS), a population based cohort study investigating stroke and stroke risk factors in Northern Manhattan. Cases and controls were individuals at the extreme ends of the distribution for carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque, with cases defined as individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis that could not be explained by traditional vascular risk factors (USAth) and controls defined as individuals with unexplained protection against atherosclerosis (UPAth).

  Study phs001560

• Pooled Genome-Wide Analysis of Kidney Cancer Risk (KIDRISK)

  Incidence rates of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are rising and the latest estimates show that it accounts for over 300,000 cases and 120,000 deaths worldwide each year. Mechanisms underlying RCC occurrence are not fully understood and a large part of the disease heritability remains unexplained. The study aimed at augmenting the size of available RCC genome-wide association studies to increase the statistical power to detect genetic variants associated with the disease. The study includes genome-wide genotyping data from RCC cases (n=2,781) and controls (n=2,526) recruited in Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, and Australia.

  Study phs001271

• Whole Genome Sequencing of Skull-Based Chordoma

  Chordoma is a rare bone tumor, which is believed to originate from notochordal remnants. Based on the United States Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data, the incidence of chordoma varies by gender and race; however, little is known about the etiologic factors that predispose to it. Genomic profiling studies of chordoma are limited, particularly in the Chinese population. We therefore conducted a detailed molecular characterization of paired chordoma tumor/normal tissues using fresh frozen tissues and blood collected from skull-based Chinese chordoma patients. These analyses included whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses.

  Study phs002301

• Genomics from LCCC1525: A Priming Dose of Cyclophosphamide Prior to Pembrolizumab to Treat mTNBC

  This phase II, single-arm, multicenter study will evaluate pembrolizumab therapy, 200 mg IV, given every 3 weeks (Q3W), following a single priming dose of cyclophosphamide, 300 mg/m2 IV, in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who have received at least one prior line of therapy. Data uploaded consists of FASTQ sequencing data from tumor RNASeq (pre-pembrolizumab), tumor and normal tissue WES, and sequencing for targeted T and B cell chains (TRB, IGK, IGL, IGH) from peripheral blood at various timepoints: pre-, post-, and during pembrolizumab therapy.

  Study phs002659