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• Whole-Genome and Epigenomic Landscapes of Etiologically Distinct Subtypes of Cholangiocarcinoma

  Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a hepatobiliary malignancy exhibiting high incidence in countries with endemic liver-fluke infection. We analyzed 489 CCAs from 10 countries, combining whole-genome (71 cases), targeted/exome, copy-number, gene expression, and DNA methylation information. Integrative clustering defined 4 CCA clusters-fluke-positive CCAs (clusters 1/2) are enriched in ERBB2 amplifications and TP53 mutations; conversely, fluke-negative CCAs (clusters 3/4) exhibit high copy-number alterations and PD-1/PD-L2 expression, or epigenetic mutations (IDH1/2, BAP1) and FGFR/PRKA-related gene rearrangements. Whole-genome analysis highlighted FGFR2 3' untranslated region deletion as a mechanism of FGFR2 upregulation. Integration of noncoding promoter mutations with protein-DNA binding profiles demonstrates pervasive modulation of H3K27me3-associated sites in CCA. Clusters 1 and 4 exhibit distinct DNA hypermethylation patterns targeting either CpG islands or shores-mutation signature and subclonality analysis suggests that these reflect different mutational pathways. Our results exemplify how genetics, epigenetics, and environmental carcinogens can interplay across different geographies to generate distinct molecular subtypes of cancer.SIGNIFICANCE: Integrated whole-genome and epigenomic analysis of CCA on an international scale identifies new CCA driver genes, noncoding promoter mutations, and structural variants. CCA molecular landscapes differ radically by etiology, underscoring how distinct cancer subtypes in the same organ may arise through different extrinsic and intrinsic carcinogenic processes.

  Study EGAS00001001653

• Integrated analysis of relapsed B-cell precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia identifies subtype-specific cytokine and metabolic signatures

  Recent efforts reclassified B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (BCP-ALL) into more refined subtypes. Nevertheless, outcomes of relapsed BCP-ALL remain unsatisfactory, particularly in adult patients where the molecular basis of relapse is still poorly understood. To elucidate the evolution of relapse in BCP-ALL, we established a comprehensive multi-omics dataset including DNA-sequencing, RNA-sequencing, DNA methylation array and proteome MASS-spec data from matched diagnosis and relapse samples of BCP-ALL patients (n = 50) including the subtypes DUX4, Ph-like and two aneuploid subtypes. Relapse-specific alterations were enriched for chromatin modifiers, nucleotide and steroid metabolism including the novel candidates FPGS, AGBL and ZNF483. The proteome expression analysis unraveled deregulation of metabolic pathways at relapse including the key proteins G6PD, TKT, GPI and PGD. Moreover, we identified a novel relapse-specific gene signature specific for DUX4 BCP-ALL patients highlighting chemotaxis and cytokine environment as a possible driver event at relapse. This study presents novel insights at distinct molecular levels of relapsed BCP-ALL based on a comprehensive multi-omics integrated data set including a valuable proteomics data set. The relapse specific aberrations reveal metabolic signatures on genomic and proteomic levels in BCP-ALL relapse. Furthermore, the chemokine expression signature in DUX4 relapse underscores the distinct status of DUX4-fusion BCP-ALL.

  Study EGAS00001002856

• Intratumoural heterogeneity and immune modulation in lung adenocarcinoma of female smokers and never smokers

  Lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death worldwide despite declining smoking prevalence in industrialised countries. Although lung cancer is highly associated with smoking status, a significant proportion of lung cancer cases develop in patients who never smoked, with an observable bias towards female never smokers. A better understanding of lung cancer heterogeneity and immune system involvement during tumour evolution and progression in never smokers is therefore highly warranted. We employed single nucleus transcriptomics of surgical lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) and normal lung tissue samples from patients with or without smoking history. Immune cells as well as fibroblasts and endothelial cells respond to tobacco smoke exposure by inducing a highly inflammatory state in normal lung tissue. In the presence of LADC, we identified differentially expressed transcriptional programmes in macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts, providing insight into how the niche favours tumour progression. Within tumours, we distinguished eight subpopulations of neoplastic cells in female smokers and never smokers. Through pseudotemporal ordering, we inferred a trajectory towards two differentiated tumour cell states implicated in cancer progression and invasiveness. A proliferating cell population sustaining tumour growth exhibits differential immune modulating signatures in both patient groups. Our results resolve cellular heterogeneity and immune interactions in LADC, with a special emphasis on female never smokers and implications for the design of therapeutic approaches.

  Study EGAS00001006331

• Gut 16S rRNA/FINRISK 2002

  Gut microbiome 16S rRNA raw data for N=7174 FINRISK 2002 participants. FINRISK fecal samples were mailed to the Knight laboratory at the University of California (San Diego, CA), for microbiota sequencing using the standard Earth Microbiome Project protocols (https://earthmicrobiome.org/protocols-and-standards/). DNA was extracted using a magnetic bead-based DNA extraction protocol. Amplicon sequence data for the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was generated using 515F (Parada) and 806R (Apprill) primers. For a total of 25μl reaction volume, 13 µl PCR-grade water was combined with 10 µl PCR master mix (Platinum Hot Start PCR Master Mix, 2x, ThermoFisher), 0.5 µl forward primer (10 µM), 0.5 µl reverse primer (10 µM), and 1 µl template DNA. Amplification was performed in triplicate reactions, and triplicate PCR reactions were pooled afterwards. Expected products were visualized on agarose gels (300–350 bp) and quantified with Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA kit (Invitrogen). Equal amounts (240 ng) of amplicon were combined for each sample and cleaned (MoBio UltraClean PCR Clean-Up Kit). Cleaned amplicon pools were sequenced with 515F and 806R primers.

  Dataset EGAD50000000287

• A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies CALCOCO2 as a regulator of beta cell function influencing type 2 diabetes risk

  Identification of the genes and processes mediating genetic association signals for complex diseases represents a major challenge. As many of the genetic signals for type 2 diabetes (T2D) exert their effects through pancreatic islet-cell dysfunction, we performed a genome-wide pooled CRISPR loss-of-function screen in a human pancreatic beta cell line. We assessed the regulation of insulin content as a disease-relevant readout of beta cell function and identified 580 genes influencing this phenotype. Integration with genetic and genomic data provided experimental support for 20 candidate T2D effector transcripts including the autophagy receptor CALCOCO2. Loss of CALCOCO2 was associated with distorted mitochondria, less proinsulin-containing immature granules and accumulation of autophagosomes upon inhibition of late-stage autophagy. Carriers of T2D-associated variants at the CALCOCO2 locus further displayed altered insulin secretion. Our study highlights how cellular screens can augment existing multi-omic efforts to support mechanistic understanding and provide evidence for causal effects at genome-wide association studies loci.

  Dataset EGAD50000000518

• TSO500 STJAN33, BRAF mutated CUP

  The data set contains FASTQ files (filetype) of a NEXTSEQ550DX run (instrument). De FASTQ files are from DNA and RNA sample. The Library prep is a NGS TSO500 library prep (Illumina) (technology). A Study to Examine the Clinical Value of Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Performed by Belgian NGS Laboratories: a Belgian Precision Study of the BSMO in Collaboration With the Cancer Centre (BALLETT) This 2-year study involves the consortium of 9 cooperating Belgian NGS laboratories and will enroll 936 metastatic or locally advanced cancer patients coming from 13 different Belgian hospitals and cancer centers. Upon inclusion, all cancer patients will be offered 'comprehensive genomic profiling' (CGP) using Illumina's TSO500 NGS panel. This targeted NGS panel of 523 genes allows for the detection of single nucleotide variants, small indels, copy number variations and fusions, as well as for the determination of the 'tumor mutational burden' (TMB) and the 'microsatellite-instability' status (MSI). Both the wet lab execution of the CGP as well as the biological and clinical classification of the variants will be performed in a fully standardized way among the 9 participating Belgian local NGS laboratories.

  Dataset EGAD50000000689

• Characterization of four subtypes in morphologically normal tissue excised proximal and distal to breast cancer

  Our study provides insight into molecular alterations in HN tissues within the affected breast and offers a greater understanding of the spatial implications of these aberrations. This was achieved by performing a comprehensive analysis of RNA sequencing data and proteomic profiles from breast cancers (n=19) and their matched HN tissues (n=38), healthy breast from cosmetic reduction mammoplasty (RM; n=5), and risk reducing mastectomies (RR, n=5), with peritumoral samples excised at proximal (TP, <2 cm) and distal (TD, 5-10 cm) sites from the primary tumor.

  Study EGAS00001004510

• NOUS-209 off-the-shelf immunotherapy has the potential to hit primary and metachronous colorectal and urothelial cancer in Lynch syndrome

  Lynch syndrome is an inherited cancer predisposition characterized by the development of microsatellite-instable tumors, most commonly colorectal and urothelial cancers. These cancers harbor recurrent frameshift mutations (FSMs) that generate shared neoantigens, creating opportunities for targeted immunotherapy. NOUS-209 is a viral-vector–based cancer vaccine encoding 209 of these shared neoantigen peptides. This study investigated the presence and evolution of NOUS-209 target FSMs in Lynch syndrome–associated tumors, revealing their persistence across primary and metachronous cancers and supporting the rationale for NOUS-209 as a preventive immunotherapy.

  Study EGAS50000001336

• Oesophageal adenocarcinoma WGS from LUD2015-005 study (NCT02735239, EudraCT 2015-005298-19)

  This dataset contains whole genome sequencing (WGS) generated from the inoperable cohorts of the LUD2015-005 study (NCT02735239, EudraCT 2015-005298-19). WGS data were generated with the aim to assess previously reported (e.g. tumour mutational burden) and novel predictive genomic markers for immunochemotherapy treatment in this setting. Using these data, mutation and copy number profiles were generated for the LUD2015-005 study, which were assessed for correlation with patient outcomes from this trial.

  Dataset EGAD00001009400

• Single-cell gene expression data from CD8+ T cells from two Austrian COVID19 patients stimulated with wildtype and mutant SARS-Cov-2 peptides

  The data contains single-cell gene sequencing data (10x Genomics) from FACS-purified CD8 T lymphocytes from two Austrian patients. The cells were stimulated with one MHC class I peptides obtained from a common (wild type) variant and an emerging mutant variant of the SARS-Cov-2 virus. Then the samples were multiplexed using hashtag oligos. We provide the raw and aligned sequence data for: i. The single-cell experiments ii. The PCR-amplified samples for enrichment of the hashtag oligo multiplexing barcodes iii. The PCR-amplified samples for enrichment of the T Cell Receptor (TCR) VDJ region for immuno-profiling. The samples and libraries were processed and obtained in collaboration between St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and the Medical University of Vienna. The cell barcodes and processed data has been submitted to the GEO database with GEO accession GSE166651.

  Dataset EGAD00001006995