3331 results for "ovarian cancer"

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• Notch Signaling and Efficacy PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade in Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer

  Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine (NE) cancer that accounts for approximately 15% of all lung cancer, with an annual incidence of more than 34,000 in the United States alone. SCLC is characterized by loss of function of p53 and RB and high tumor mutational burden, which suggests that these tumors could be immunogenic and respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, the benefit from ICB in an unselected SCLC population is modest. In this study, we evaluated the genomic features associated with clinical outcomes in relapsed SCLC to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of ICB response. Exome, RNA and TCR sequencing data from a prospective clinical trial of relapsed SCLC treated with durvalumab and olaparib and RNA-sequencing data for second cohort of relapsed SCLC cohort treated with nivolumab are included.   

  Study phs002176

• A phase II trial of the aurora kinase A inhibitor alisertib for patients with castration resistant and neuroendocrine prostate cancer: efficacy and biomarker evaluation

  Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive variant of prostate cancer that may develop de novo or as a mechanism of treatment resistance. N-myc is capable of driving NEPC progression. Alisertib inhibits the interaction between N-myc and its stabilizing factor Aurora-A, inhibiting N-myc signaling, and suppressing tumor growth. In this single arm, multi-institutional open label phase 2 clinical trial of alisertib, sixty men were treated with alisertib 50mg twice daily for 7 days every 21-days. Eligibility included metastatic prostate cancer and at least one: small cell neuroendocrine morphology; ≥50% neuroendocrine marker expression; new liver metastases without PSA progression; elevated serum neuroendocrine markers. The primary endpoint was six-month radiographic progression free survival. Pre-treatment biopsies were evaluated by whole exome and RNA-seq.

  Study phs001666

• Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI): OncoKids - NGS Panel for Pediatric Malignancies

  This study aimed to systematically collect clinical, registry and genomic data on pediatric cancer patients, and to contribute to the CCDI Pediatric Data Ecosystem. Clinical, treatment and outcome data on 1,039 pediatric cancer patients whose molecular profile was characterized on OncoKids gene panel at Children's Hospital Los Angeles was abstracted and harmonized for submission to the NCI’s Cancer Data Service. The OncoKids panel was designed to detect DNA mutations and amplification in almost 200 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, a limited number of pharmacogenomic targets and 1,700 disease-associated gene fusions at the RNA level. The panel encompasses the vast majority of FDA’s relevant pediatric molecular target list, as well as additional genes associated with ultra-rare pediatric tumors. The final data elements included DNA/RNA sequence data, OncoKids test results, clinical data on demographics, diagnosis, comorbidity and adverse events and treatment data.

  Study phs002518

• HCI-PDX Trial Center for Breast Cancer Therapy

  The HCI-PDX Trial Center for Breast Cancer Therapy study is a collection of patient-tumor samples that are serially established as patient-derived tumor xenografts (human tumor in mouse) and matching organoids. For this study, we describe valuable methods and resources to generate organoids and use them as cost-effective models for precision drug screens. This study leveraged whole-exome sequencing, RNAseq, and SNP-array data to illustrate how the heterogeneity of tumors is preserved in xenograft and organoid models. Sequencing files are provided for whole-exome and RNAseq data. Processed copy number variant calls from the SNP arrays are also available. A full description of the study can be found in the article entitled, "A human breast cancer-derived xenograft and organoid platform for drug discovery and precision oncology," written by Guillen et al., 2022 in Nature Cancer (PMID: 35221336).

  Study phs002479

• Identification and characterization of tertiary lymphoid structures in brain metastases

  Brain metastases (BrM) are the most common cancers in the brain. We performed transcriptome-wide gene expression profiling combined with spatial immune cell profiling to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment in BrM from different primary tumors. We found that BrM from lung carcinoma and malignant melanoma showed overall higher immune cell infiltration as compared to BrM from breast carcinoma. RNA sequencing-based immune cell deconvolution revealed gene expression signatures indicative of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in subsets of BrM from lung cancer and melanoma. This finding was corroborated by multiplex immunofluorescence staining of immune cells in BrM tissue sections. Detection of TLS signatures was associated with prolonged survival after BrM diagnosis in lung cancer patients. Our findings highlight the cellular diversity of the tumor immune microenvironment in BrM of different cancer types and suggest a role of TLS formation for BrM patient outcome.

  Study EGAS50000000563

• Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI): Molecular Characterization Initiative

  The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI) focuses on the critical need to collect, analyze, and share data to address the burden of cancer in children, adolescents, and young adults (AYAs). The Molecular Characterization Initiative (MCI) will further the CCDI's goals by providing access to better diagnostic tests for pediatric and AYA patients. The molecular characterizations of solid tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and rare diseases are performed in a CLIA-certified setting as results may be used to screen for and/or confirm clinical trial eligibility, direct treatment, or otherwise contribute to the conduct of the trial. The following molecular characterization assays were performed:Tumor/Normal Whole Exome sequencing Methylation arraysArcher fusion panel Deidentified clinical reportsNote: New data will be added periodically, please check the CCDI Hub Explore site for updates.

  Study phs002790

• MYC Inhibition By Omomyc Causes DNA Damage And Overcomes PARPi Resistance In Breast Cancer.

  This study investigates the role of MYC dysregulation in DNA damage response (DDR) and PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance in breast cancer. Using Omomyc, a direct MYC inhibitor, we demonstrate that MYC inhibition shuts down DDR genes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), causing DNA repair defects and inducing DNA damage that synergizes with PARPi treatment. Through patient-derived models and clinical samples from metastatic HR-altered breast cancer patients treated with PARPi, we identify MYC transcriptional activity as a predictive biomarker of PARPi resistance. Digital spatial profiling (DSP) analysis of pre-treatment tumor biopsies reveals that patients with progressive disease have significantly elevated MYC signatures compared to responders. These findings support the therapeutic strategy of combining MYC inhibition with PARPi in PARPi-resistant breast cancers where high MYC activity predicts poor response to therapy.

  Study EGAS50000001347

• Combination_therapies_for_personalized_cancer_medicine

  It is the ambition of the team formed by members of the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI) and the Cancer Genome Project at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI) to unravel the genomic and phenotypic complexity of human cancers in order to identify optimal drug combinations for personalized cancer therapy. Our integrated approach will entail (i) deep sequencing of human tumours and cognate mouse tumours; (ii) drug screens in a 1000+ fully characterized tumour cell line panel; (iii) high-throughput in vitro and in vivo shRNA and cDNA drug resistance and enhancement screens; (iv) computational analysis of the acquired data, leading to significant response predictions; (v) rigorous validation of these predictions in genetically engineered mouse models and patient-derived xenografts. This integrated effort is expected to yield a number of combination therapies and companion-diagnostics biomarkers that will be further explored in our existing clinical trial networks.

  Study EGAS00001000655

• Integrative sequencing reveals alterations in untreated and castration resistant prostate cancer

  We report the integrative sequencing of genomic, transcriptomic and DNA methylation changes in 28 untreated (PC) and 13 castration resistant prostate cancers (CRPC). AR, TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways were altered in CRPCs. We identified two new fusion genes, TMPRSS2-SKIL and DOT1L-HES6. Fusion analysis in an independent cohort validated SKIL as a recurrent 3’ fusion partner and oncogene in prostate cancer. The HES6 fusion was found in an AR-negative CRPC, and HES6 overexpression in vitro led to androgen independent growth. A distinct DNA methylation signature was found for CRPC. Transcriptome assembly uncovered 128 previously unannotated prostate cancer associated transcripts, including the ERG regulated transcript TPCAT-10-36067 whose knockdown had a dramatic effect on the growth, invasiveness, and rate of apoptosis of prostate cancer cells.

  Study EGAS00001000526

• Ongoing_mutagenesis_RNAseq

  One of the key questions to be explored is whether the biological processes generating specific mutational signatures continue to operate in the human cancer cell lines or simply reflect past mutagenic activity which is no longer operative. To address this question, we have extracted mutational signatures from 1,000 cancer cell lines of diverse cancer types. Several cell lines with mutational signatures of interest were selected, subcloned over a defined period of time and their genomes sequenced. The increased load of the mutations representative of a specific mutational signature within the genome of a subclone when compared to its parental clone was informative of the on-going mutational processes. To further study the recent observation that some of the clones belonging to a same cell line acquired differencet numbers of mutations over a set period of time, their RNA will be subjected to RNA-sequencing to study their differences.

  Study EGAS00001002364