16488 results for "sec+and+unspecified+malignant+neoplasm"

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• The genetic footprint of the European Roma diaspora: Evidence from the Balkans to the Iberian Peninsula

  Our genomic approach focuses on: (i) the internal genetic structure of Roma and its correlation with geography; (ii) the relationships between Iberian Roma and other non-Roma populations to explore possible contacts during the period of population upheaval following the Roma’s arrival on the Iberian Peninsula; (iii) estimation of the admixture events in the Iberian Roma before and after their arrival to the Iberian Peninsula; and (iv) the assessment of endogamy patterns and assortative mating of the European Roma. Our study provides a detailed analysis of the intricate population history of the Iberian Roma, offering insights from both micro-geographical and large-scale perspectives on the population history of European Roma.

  Study EGAS50000000746

• A Phase II Study: CRS207/GVAX Plus Anti-PD1 and Anti-CTLA4 Recruits Mesothelin- and KRAS-Specific T cells into PDAC

  This study examined immunologic correlatives from a phase II study evaluating CRS207/GVAX vaccines in combination with anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 in metastatic pancreatic cancer (NCT03190265). Arm A received CRS207/GVAX with anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 therapy; Arm B received CRS207 with anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 therapy. Patients undergoing treatment in this trial had peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumor tissue biopsied serially at pre-treatment and on-treatment timepoints. Single-cell RNA/TCR sequencing was employed on PBMCs. Bulk RNA/TCR sequencing was employed on tumor tissues. We identified treatment-enriched inflammatory pathways as well as T cell repertoires.

  Study phs003798

• Biomarker Research for Anti EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies by Comprehensive Cancer Genomics

  The purpose of this study is to explore new biomarkers for predicting the effectiveness of an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibody in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The investigation involves analyzing the entire exome, conducting a genome-wide association study (GWAS), and analyzing copy number variations (CNVs) using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Genetic material from both cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, as well as blood samples from patients who received the antibody treatment, will be used. The goal is to identify genetic mutations and SNPs associated with treatment efficacy and adverse events, and to assess the correlation between their presence and treatment effectiveness using statistical methods.

  Study JGAS000779

• Integrated Single-Nucleus and Spatial Transcriptomics Elucidate Heterogeneity and Hypoxia-Driven Organization of Supratentorial Ependymoma

  Supratentorial ependymomas are often life-threatening brain tumours that are characterised by significant molecular heterogeneity. In this study, single-nucleus (n = 63) and spatial transcriptomics (n = 30) was performed to delineate the cellular and spatial landscape of supratentorial ependymoma. This study characterises the transcriptional consensus programs of this entity and connects them to clinical outcome. Two previously undescribed programs – associated with the remodelling of the extracellular matrix and the ZFTA fusion identity – are shown to be related to highly unfavourable outcome and to be exclusive to ZFTA fusion-positive tumours. Also, Hypoxia is proposed as the potential driver of spatial organisation, which may affect treatment success.

  Study EGAS50000001318

• Long-read whole genome sequencing of gastric cancer

  Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant health challenge globally, with a particularly high incidence in Asia, including Singapore. Understanding the genomic landscape of normal gastric and the different GC subtypes along with its precursor lesions such as intestinal metaplasia (IM) as well as GC metastatic sites is crucial for advancing diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics. Long-read sequencing technologies offer an opportunity to delve deeper into the genomic and epigenetic alterations underlying these conditions and to complement existing short-read omics data. By integrating these data with previously generated in-house multi-omics data (such as RNA sequencing and whole exome sequencing), we hope to better elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying GC initiation and progression.

  Study EGAS50000001607

• Whole-genome-Sequencing of adult medulloblastoma

  Brain tumors constitute the childhood tumors with the highest mortality rates and survival is often associated with severe long-term sequelae due to intensive multimodal treatment regimens. Thus, the PedBrainTumor network aims at the identification of robust biomarkers for clinical management and novel molecular targets for therapeutic interventions. Using massively parallel whole-genome sequencing, and transcriptome and methylome sequencing for subsets of cases, we aim to decipher the molecular causes of medulloblastoma as well as low-grade astrocytoma, and to identify markers to stratify patients for specialized treatment. As the PedBrain network is affiliated with clinical trials in medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma, validation cohorts for the translation of key findings into clinical settings are readily available.

  Study EGAS00001000393

• Ashkenazi Jewish Leukoencephalopathy

  Genetic leukoencephalopathies (gLEs) are a group of heterogeneous disorders with white matter abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS). Patients affected with gLEs have brain white matter defects that can be seen in MRI and exhibit variable neurologic phenotypes including motor impairment, hypotonia, pyramidal dysfunction, dystonia and/or dyskinesias, ataxia, seizures, cortical blindness, optic atrophy, and impaired cognitive development. The exact causes in half of gLEs are unknown. We studied three unrelated families affected with an undiagnosed gLE and discovered a homozygous germline mutation c.2536T>G in VPS11 by whole exome sequencing, a gene involved in membrane trafficking and fusion of the lysosomes and endosomes, as a novel cause of a new gLE syndrome.

  Study EGAS00001001767

• Identifying causative mutations for Thrombocytopenia with Absent Radii

  Thrombocytopenia with Absent Radii is an inherited disorder that manifests itself with major limb skeletal abnormalities and low platelet count (and therefore a bleeding diathesis). The syndrome is well-characterised and defined phenotypically and there is a well-established database of UK-based families affected with ths disorder. The causative mutation for the disorder is yet to be identified. If known, it would allow for pre-natal screening and counselling avoiding life-long care for patients who are affected and are therefore severely disabled. We postulate that exon sequencing of 4 unrelated affected individuals would give enough power to narrow down potential candidate mutations which would thereafter be confirmed using DNA from other affected families.

  Study EGAS00001000054

• Tumor microenvironment study of ovarian granulosa cell tumors

  Adult-type granulosa cell tumors (aGCT) are rare ovarian sex cord tumors with few 41 effective treatments for recurrent disease. The objective of this study was to compare global gene expression profiles and characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) of primary and recurrent aGCTs in order to identify correlates of disease recurrence. Total RNA sequencing was performed on 24 pathologically confirmed, cryopreserved aGCT samples, including 8 primary and 16 recurrent tumors. A total of 31 differentially expressed genes were identified between primary and recurrent aGCT. TME analysis demonstrated significantly higher fractions of neutrophils and macrophages in recurrent tumors in conjunction with significantly lower fractions of cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells.

  Study EGAS00001006478

• Reliable assessment of telomere maintenance mechanisms in neuroblastoma

  Telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMM) are a hallmark of high-risk neuroblastoma, and are conferred by activation of telomerase or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). However, detection of TMM is not yet part of the clinical routine, and consensus on TMM detection, especially on ALT assessment, remains to be achieved. We here propose a workflow to reliably detect TMM in neuroblastoma. We show that unambiguous classification is feasible following a stepwise approach that determines both, activation of telomerase and ALT. The workflow proposed in this study can be used in clinical routine and provides a framework to systematically and reliably determine telomere maintenance mechanisms for risk stratification and treatment allocation of neuroblastoma patients.

  Study EGAS00001006510