16865 results for "sec+and+unspecified+malignant+neoplasm"

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• Single-cell RNA sequencing of pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma to study the inhibition of T cell subtypes

  Here, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) on isolated HRS cells and the immune cells from the same cHL tumors. This allowed us to identify genes of cell surface proteins that are consistently overexpressed in HRS cells and can potentially be used as targets for antibody-drug conjugates or CAR T cells. Finally, we identify potential interactions by which HRS cells inhibit T cells, among which the Galectin-1/CD69 and HLA-DRA/LAG3 interactions. However, high levels of inter-patient heterogeneity of the interaction strength were observed. In conclusion, this study identifies new potential therapeutic targets for cHL and highlights the importance of studying heterogeneity when identifying therapy targets.

  Study EGAS50000000432

• Diagnostic Exome Sequencing in Persons with Severe Intellectual Disability

  Intellectual disability is a common condition that carries lifelong severe medical and developmental consequences. The causes of intellectual disability (ID) remain unknown for the majority of patients due to the extensive clinical and genetic heterogeneity of this disorder. De novo mutations may play an important role in ID as most individuals with ID present as isolated cases without family history and/or clear syndromic indication. In addition, the involvement of such mutations have recently been demonstrated in a small number of individuals with ID. Here we evaluate the diagnostic potential and role of de novo mutations in a cohort of 100 patients with ID of unknown cause using family-based exome sequencing.

  Study EGAS00001000287

• Genetic landscape of non-Down syndrome acute megkaryoblastic leukemia

  To define the mutation spectrum in non-Down syndrome acute megkaryoblastic leukemia (non-DS-AMKL), we performed transcriptome sequencing on diagnostic blasts from 14 pediatric patients and validated our findings in a recurrency/validation cohort consisting of 34 pediatric and 28 adult AMKL leukemia samples. Our analysis identified a cryptic chromosome 16 inversion [inv(16)(p13.3q24.3)] in 27% of pediatric cases, which encodes a CBFA2T3-GLIS2 fusion protein. Expression of CBFA2T3-GLIS2 in Drosophila and murine hematopoietic cells induced bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling, and resulted in a marked increase in the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic progenitors. These data suggest that expression of CBFA2T3-GLIS2 directly contributes to leukemogenesis.

  Study EGAS00001000379

• A Cultured Leukemia Stem Cell Model Enables Validation of CDK6 as a Stemness Target Against Acute Myeloid Leukemia

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a group of aggressive hematological malignancies, the clinical management of which is made challenging due to the persistence of rare and therapy resistant leukemia stem cells (LSCs) which serve as a source of disease relapse and poor outcomes. There are currently a paucity of methods to reliably enrich and study LSCs, hindering the development of therapies that specifically target LSCs. In this study, we deeply characterize the OCI-AML8227 culture model, which maintains a functional stemness hierarchy originating from its highly primitive CD34⁺CD38⁻ cells, to elucidate LSC biology and uncover LSC-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities. We analyzed both bulk and single-cell proteomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics to generate a LSC protein-protein interaction network, which was then integrated with an LSC-focused small molecule screen using this model. From these findings, CDK6 was discovered as a therapeutic vulnerability specific to LSCs, which was validated in findings from the BEAT-AML cohort and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) panel of AML samples through palbociclib treatment. Taken together, our studies validate CDK6 as a druggable vulnerability in LSCs, and authenticate OCI-AML8227 cells as a LSC target discovery engine.

  Dataset EGAD50000001156

• RNA-seq of longitudinal human blood and nose swab samples from a controlled human infection experiment with SARS-CoV-2 virus

  Controlled human infection experiments enable longitudinal profiling of immune responses to a pathogen. 36 healthy volunteers aged 18-29 years, with no evidence of previous infection or vaccination, were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 virus and quarantined for 14 days. Blood samples (n=374) for RNA sequencing were collected into PAXgene tubes before virus challenge, 6 hours after challenge, daily thereafter for 14 days and on day 28. Mid-turbinate nose swabs (n=96) for RNA sequencing were collected before virus challenge, and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 after challenge, preserved in RNAprotect. 18 of 36 participants developed a replicative SARS-CoV-2 infection as evidenced by consecutive PCR-positive swabs for the virus. For every participant, blood RNA from selected days were extracted and depleted for genomic DNA and globin mRNA, before cDNA libraries were constructed using KAPA RNA HyperPrep with RiboErase kits. Libraries were sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform using NovaSeq 6000 S4 Reagent Kits (200 cycles). Nose swab RNA samples were extracted and depleted for genomic DNA before cDNA libraries were constructed using KAPA mRNA HyperPrep Kits. Libraries were sequenced on the Illumina NextSeq platform the using the NextSeq 500/550 High Output Kit (75 cycles).

  Dataset EGAD50000000942

• RNA-sequencing from duodenal bipsies of Celiac disease patients

  Samples, in a form of PAXgene fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies, were collected from the multi-site, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, aimed at dose-finding and assessing the efficacy and tolerability of a 6-week treatment with ZED1227 capsules vs. placebo in subjects with well-controlled celiac disease undergoing gluten challenge. Total RNA was extracted from the PaxFPE biopsy specimens (n = 116) using additional cuttings from the samples on which histomorphometry was previously assessed. For the extraction, an RNeasy Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Library preparation and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed by the Qiagen NGS Service. A total of 10 ng of purified RNA was converted into cDNA NGS libraries. Library preparation was quality controlled using capillary electrophoresis. Based on the quality of the inserts and the concentration measurements, the libraries were pooled in equimolar ratios and then sequenced on a NextSeq (Illumina Inc., San Diego, USA) sequencing instrument according to the manufacturer’s instructions, with 100 bp read length for read 1 and 27bp for read 2. The raw data were de-multiplexed, and FASTQ files for each sample were generated using bcl2fastq2 software (Illumina Inc., San Diego, USA).

  Dataset EGAD50000000491

• South Asia Rheumatic Heart Disease Genetics Network

  Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major cause of cardiovascular death and disability amongst young adults. Building on a sample collection established for and genotyped in several earlier successful candidate gene studies, this case-control study investigated host genetic susceptibility to RHD using a genome-wide approach. The current dataset comprises over 850 individuals recruited in Uttar Pradesh, India, including cases of RHD based on echocardiographic diagnosis and controls recruited on the basis of normal echocardiograms. For this analysis all available samples were genotyped using the Illumina HumanCore-24 BeadChip platform. Efforts are now underway to establish new sample collections in other areas of India as well as Pakistan and later other neighbouring countries.

  Study EGAS00001003565

• Multi-layered molecular characterization defines prognostic subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma in Asian never-smokers

  Multi-layered genomic studies such as the TCGA project have greatly advanced our understanding on molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer. For Asian nonsmoker patients, however, majority of studies have been limited to mutational analyses, emphasizing ethnic differences in driver mutations (e.g. more frequent EGFR mutations and ALK fusions). In essence, a comprehensive multi-layered characterization that could lead to molecular etiology and patient stratification scheme to be translated into clinical applications for this patient group is still missing. Here we report molecular profiling of tumor and matched normal tissues from 114 non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma patients using whole exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).

  Study EGAS00001003705

• Macrophage response in preterm infants compared to term infants

  Preterm infants are highly susceptible to sustained lung inflammation, which may be triggered by exposure to multiple environmental cues such as supplemental oxygen (O2) and infections. The underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. The hypothesis of this study is that dysregulated macrophage activation is a key feature leading to inflammation-mediated development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Cord blood samples of preterm infants (n=14) and term infants (n=19) as well as peripheral blood from healthy adults (n=17) were collected. Age-dependent differences in immune responses of monocyte-derived MФ from preterm infants were characterized and compared to term infants and adults after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure.

  Study EGAS00001004974

• Case Report: Precision medicine target revealed by in-vitro modelling of relapsed, refractory ALL from a child with neurofibromatosis

  Children with neurofibromatosis have a higher risk of developing juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia, but rarely develop B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). Through in-vitro modelling, a novel NF1 p.L2467 frameshift (fs) mutation identified in a relapsed/refractory Ph-like B-ALL patient with neurofibromatosis demonstrated cytokine independence and increased RAS signalling, indicative of leukaemic transformation. Furthermore, these cells were sensitive to the MEK inhibitors trametinib and mirdametinib. Bi-allelic NF1 loss of function may be a contributing factor to relapse and with sensitivity to MEK inhibitors, suggests a novel precision medicine target in the setting of neurofibromatosis patients with B-ALL.

  Study EGAS00001006187