16599 results for "sec+and+unspecified+malignant+neoplasm"

in 17.26 milliseconds.

• Phase 1 CX-5461 Trial (Canadian Cancer Trials Group Trial IND.231)

  CX-5461 is a G-quadruplex stabilizer that exhibits synthetic lethality in homologous recombination (HR) deficient models. In this multicentre Phase Ib trial in patients with solid tumors, 40 patients were treated across 10 dose levels (50 - 650 mg/m2) to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D), and evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics. Defective HR was explored as a predictive biomarker. CX-5461 was generally well tolerated, with a RP2D of 475 mg/m2 d1, 8 and 15 every 4 weeks, and dose limiting toxicities of phototoxicity. Responses were observed in 10% of patients, primarily in patients with defective HR (ORR 14%). Reversion mutations in PALB2 and BRCA2 were detected on progression following initial response in germline carriers, confirming the underlying synthetic lethal mechanism. In vitro characterization of UV sensitization showed this toxicity is related to the CX-5461 chemotype, independent of G4 synthetic lethality. These results establish clinical proof-of-concept for this first-in class G4 stabilizer.

  Study EGAS00001006173

• HSC_colony_many_years_post_allogeneic_bone_marrow_transplant___Bait_set_3

  This study looks at human donors and recipients of allogeneic blood & marrow marrow transplantation. Each transplant "pair" (donor & recipient) underwent the transplant procedure 10 -30 years prior to sampling - the majority for an underlying diagnosis of leukemia. We will perform whole-genome sequencing on tens to hundreds of single HSPC (haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell)-derived colonies per individual. We will infer the phylogeny of these cells (those from both donor & recipient within a pair) by analysing the somatically acquired mutations within each cell. The structure of the phylogeny will allow estimates of hitherto unknown parameters such as the number of HSCs that engraft long-term, the dynamics of the engraftment process on the HSC level, and the additional mutation burden acquired through the arduous transplant procedure. This TGS part of the study is used for assessing the contribution of clones to mature blood subsets, and better timing mutations relative to transplantation.

  Study EGAS00001006572

• GENOMIC MUTATION LANDSCAPE OF SKIN CANCERS FROM DNA REPAIR-DEFICIENT XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM PATIENTS

  Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in genes of the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) pathway (groups A-G) or in Translesion Synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase η (group V). XP is associated with an increased skin cancer risk, reaching, for some groups, several thousand-fold compared to the general population. Here, we analyzed 38 skin cancer genomes from five XP groups. We found that the activity of NER determines heterogeneity of the mutation rates across skin cancer genomes and that transcription-coupled NER extends beyond the gene boundaries reducing the intergenic mutation rate. Mutational profile in XP-V tumors revealed the role of polymerase η in the error-free bypass of (i) rare TpG and TpA DNA lesions, (ii) 3’ nucleotides in pyrimidine dimers, and (iii) TpT photodimers. Our study unravels the genetic basis of skin cancer risk in XP and provides insights into the mechanisms reducing UV-induced mutagenesis in the general population.

  Study EGAS00001006732

• Tracking early lung cancer metastatic dissemination in TRACERx using ctDNA

  These data relate to Abbosh et al 2023 'Tracking early lung cancer metastatic dissemination in TRACERx using ctDNA'. Some patients were included in this work that were excluded from the other TRACERx 421 papers (Frankell et al and Al-bakir et al) often due to exclusion criteria in the TRACERx clinical trial. Reasons include partial contamination with C>A artefact mutational signature (CRUK0480 ,0490) which were included for ctDNA detection analyses using high confidence clonal mutations but not clonality analyses, incomplete resection at primary surgery (CRUK0291, 0234, 0230, 0387, 0622) and a concurrent oesophageal second primary cancer (CRUK0498). The primary tissue exome sequencing for these patients that were used in this study are included in this repository. Deep targeted sequencing of (median 200) tumour specific mutations in plasma for 1069 samples from 198 TRACERx patients are also included. Additional details related to these patients and samples can be found in the supplementary or data repositories from Frankell et al and Abbosh et al.

  Study EGAS00001006923

• Blood transcriptome profiling links immunity to disease severity in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).

  The blood transcriptome was examined in relation to disease severity in type I myotonic dystrophy (DM1) patients who participated in the Observational Prolonged Trial In DM1 to Improve QoL- Standards (OPTIMISTIC) study. This sought to a) ascertain if transcriptome changes were associated with increasing disease severity, as measured by the muscle impairment rating scale (MIRS) and b) es-tablish if these changes in mRNA expression and associated biological pathways were also observed in the Dystrophia Myotonica Biomarker Discovery Initiative (DMBDI) microarray dataset in blood (with equivalent MIRS/DMPK repeat length). The changes in gene expression were compared using a number of complementary pathways, gene ontology and upstream regulator analyses, which suggested that symptom severity in DM1 was linked to transcriptomic alterations in innate and adaptive im-munity associated with muscle wasting. Future studies should explore the role of immunity in DM1 in more detail to assess its relevance to DM1.

  Study EGAS00001006926

• Epigenetic landscape of mixed phenotype leukemias

  Leukemias with ambiguous lineage comprise a number of loosely defined entities, often without a clear mechanistic basis. Here, we investigated a group of such leukemias with a CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP), previously identified as CEBPA-silenced AML. Transcriptomics and epigenomics analyses revealed a hybrid myeloid/lymphoid epigenetic landscape, whereas genetic alterations were heterogenous. This suggests that CIMP leukemias are defined by their shared epigenetic profile rather than a common genetic lesion. Gene expression enrichment showed strong similarity with ETP-ALL and an early lymphoid progenitor cell of origin. Accordingly, integration of differential methylation and expression revealed widespread silencing of myeloid transcription factors (TFs), among which CEBPA was key for differentiation arrest. Hypermethylation also resulted in loss of CTCF binding, accompanied by a few changes in chromatin interactions involving critical TFs like KLF4. In conclusion, epigenetic dysregulation, and not genetic lesions, explain the mixed phenotype of a group of CIMP leukemias resembling ETP-ALL.

  Study EGAS00001007094

• Northern Ireland COhort for the Longitudinal study of Ageing

  The Northern Ireland COhort for the Longitudinal study of Ageing (NICOLA) is a representative sample of ~8,500 people from across Northern Ireland. The study, which was set up in 2012, aims to understand what it is like to grow older in Northern Ireland. • NICOLA has a strong focus on molecular biomarkers so there is complementary genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic data available for a subset of individuals. • We inherit much of our DNA from our parents while a small amount of this material changes as we get older. In NICOLA we have 551,839 directly genotyped and 18,148,478 imputed Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) currently available for 2969 participants. • Summary statistics for the association of these gene polymorphisms with ~30 phenotypes were generated. • Epigenetics provides a link between our inherited DNA and environmental influences from a person’s diet, medication and lifestyle. NICOLA has the epigenetic quality controlled profiles of 1984 individuals arising from variations in DNA methylation at 862,927 genetic sites.

  Study EGAS00001007915

• Human islet 3D chromatin maps provide insights into type 2 diabetes

  The transcriptional output of each cell type is controlled by thousands of enhancers, many of which contain genetic risk variants for common diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). To gain insight into how enhancer variation influences diabetes risk, we created promoter capture Hi-C maps in human pancreatic islets. This linked diabetes-associated islet enhancers with their target genes, often located hundreds of kilobases away. We identified hubs that show spatial and functional connections between enhancersand target genes related to islet function and diabetes. We demonstrate that genetic variants distributed across hub enhancers have a major impact on T2D heritability, and use this knowledge to identify individuals in whom islet regulatory variation has a prominent role in T2D risk. Our results demonstrate the importance of 3D chromatin architecture for molecular interpretation of T2D genetic association signals, and define genomic spaces that harbor a distinct component of the T2D polygenic burden.

  Study EGAS00001002917

• Natural history of clonal haematopoiesis (2017-09-04)

  The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) increases with age and mortality exceeds 90% when diagnosed after age 60. Only 10-15% of cases evolve from a pre-existing myeloproliferative or myelodysplastic disorder; the remaining cases arise de novo without a detectable prodrome and are diagnosed upon development of bone marrow failure. Analysis of diagnostic blood samples has demonstrated that de novo AML is preceded by the accumulation of somatic mutations in pre-leukemic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (preL-HSPCs) that subsequently undergo clonal expansion. If individuals in this pre-leukemic phase could be identified, methods for determination of risk and monitoring for progression to overt AML could be developed. However recurrent AML mutations also accumulate during aging in healthy individuals who never develop AML, referred to as age related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH). To distinguish individuals with preL-HSPCs at high risk of developing AML from those with ARCH, we undertook deep targeted sequencing of genes recurrently mutated in AML in blood samples from 133 individuals in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study taken on average 6 years before they developed AML (pre-AML group), together with 683 matched healthy individuals (Control group). Pre-AML cases displayed accelerated age-correlated accumulation of somatic mutations.The identity, number and variant allele frequency (VAF) of mutations differed between the two groups, and were incorporated into a computational model of AML risk prediction that accurately distinguished pre-AML cases from controls on average 7 years prior to AML development. Our findings provide proof of concept that early prediction of AML development is feasible in high-risk populations, paving the way for early disease detection, monitoring, and potentially prevention.

  Dataset EGAD00001003703

• Genetic Heterogeneity of the familial gastric neuroendocrine tumors (2018-06-06)

  Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs) occur with an estimated frequency of 2 per 100,000 in the general population. Type I gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent the 75% of gNTEs and arise from gastric enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. They have late age of onset and usually benigh course. Classically, hypergastrinemia in patients who have autoimmune atrophic gastritis, causes hyperplasia of gastric ECL cells that progresses into type I gastric NETs and parietal cell (PC) destruction. The genetic bases in families with this disease are unknown. We performed an exome sequencing study of an atypical aggressive familial gNETs case (with early age onset, nodal infiltrations and gastric adenocarcinomas) that followed a recessive model. We identified a deleterious mutation in homozygosis in the ATP4A gene, which encodes the proton pump responsible for acid secretion by gastric parietal cells. This mutation lead to achlorhydria first, and hypergastrinemia and gNET developing as consequence (Calvete et al. 2014). Recently, two more families with gNETs, classical clinical traits and recessive model have been studies by WES but we didn't find any mutation in the ATP4a gene. However, putative mutations affecting genes that contribute to the development and the integrity of PC have been found suggesting that genetic alterations associated to this disorder target to a unique cell type (parietal cells). In order to cinfirm this hypothesis, it is necessary the search for new genes implicated in the gNETs, more familial cases are needed to be studied. We have identified four more new familial gNETs cases. Here, we propose their study by WES. The first family is formed by thress siblings with gNETs. The other families include two siblings with gNETs. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/ . This dataset contains all the data available for this study on 2018-06-06.

  Dataset EGAD00001004153