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• National Eye Institute (NEI) Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) Study

  The purpose of the POAAGG study is to investigate the genetic architecture of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in African Americans. This population is up to eight times more likely to develop glaucoma than non-Hispanic whites, yet no large-scale genetics studies have specifically addressed this ethnic group. The POAAGG study aims to enroll 7765 patients, consisting of a discovery cohort of 5500 subjects (2000 cases and 3500 controls) and a validation cohort of 2265 subjects (1000 cases and 1265 controls). The study population consists of self-identified blacks (African Americans, African descent, or African Caribbean), 35 years or older, identified from the Philadelphia region. Subjects are recruited from the Scheie Eye Institute and its research sites in Philadelphia, PA, as well as from the Penn Medicine Biobank. Fellowship-trained glaucoma specialists classify each subject as a case, control, or glaucoma suspect based on specified criteria. As of 02/01/2017, a total of 8187 subjects have been recruited to the POAAGG study, including 2522 cases, 4545 controls, and 1120 suspects. A comprehensive genetic analysis of POAG, including a genome-wide association analysis, is currently underway. The GWAS was conducted on the Illumina Infinium Multi Ethnic Genotyping Array (MEGA), which contained custom content tailored to POAG and African Americans. A comprehensive genetic analysis of quantitative traits associated with POAG is also in progress. Over 90% of cases have full phenotypic information, including intraocular pressure, cup-to-disc ratio, central corneal thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, visual acuity, and visual fields.

  Study phs001312

• Whole genome sequencing of 108 epileptic patients from CENet cohort

  Epileptic patients have been sequenced as part of the CENet cohort which is composed of patients with Genetic Generalized Epilepsy (GGE) or Non-Acquired Focal Epilepsy (NAFE) collected in CHUM Research Center in Montreal. Patients were diagnosed by epileptologists. The clinical epilepsy phenotype was classified according to the current classification by the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE). Libraries preparation and whole-genome sequencing: gDNA was cleaned up using ZR-96 DNA Clean & ConcentratorTM-5 Kit (Zymo) prior to being quantified using the Quant-iTTM PicoGreen dsDNA Assay Kit (Life Technologies) and its integrity assessed on agarose gels. Libraries were generated using the TruSeq DNA PCR-Free Library Preparation Kit (Illumina) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Libraries were quantified using the Quant-iTTM PicoGreen dsDNA Assay Kit (Life Technologies) and the Kapa Illumina GA with Revised Primers-SYBR Fast Universal kit (Kapa Biosystems). Average size fragment was determined using a LabChip GX (PerkinElmer) instrument. The libraries were denatured in 0.05N NaOH and diluted to 8pM using HT1 buffer. The clustering was done on a Illumina cBot and the flowcell was ran on a HiSeq 2500 for 2x125 cycles (paired-end mode) using v4 chemistry and following the manufacturer's instructions. A phiX library was used as a control and mixed with libraries at 0.01 level. Bioinformatics: The Illumina control software was HCS 2.2.58, the real-time analysis program was RTA v. 1.18.64. Program bcl2fastq v1.8.4 was used to demultiplex samples and generate fastq reads. The filtered reads were aligned to reference Homo_sapiens assembly b37. Each readset was aligned to create a .cram file.

  Study EGAS00001007507

• Somatic pathogenic variants in the normal mammary gland of sporadic breast cancer patients.

  The mammary gland undergoes hormonally stimulated cycles of proliferation, lactation and involution. We hypothesized that these factors increase the mutational burden in glandular tissue and may explain high cancer incidence rate in the general population and recurrent disease. Hence, we investigated the DNA sequence variants in the normal mammary gland, tumor and peripheral blood from 52 reportedly sporadic breast cancer patients, including breast-conserving surgery cases. Targeted resequencing of 542 cancer associated genes revealed mosaic somatic pathogenic variants of: PIK3CA, TP53, AKT1, MAP3K1, CDH1, RB1, NCOR1, MED12, CBFB, TBX3 and TSHR in the normal mammary gland, at considerable allelic frequencies (9x10-2 to 5.2x10-1) indicating clonal expansion. Further evaluation of the frequently damaged PIK3CA and TP53 genes by ultra-sensitive duplex sequencing demonstrated a diversified picture of multiple low level-mosaic (in 10-2 to 10-4 alleles) hotspot pathogenic variants. Our results raise a question about the oncogenic potential in non-tumor mammary gland tissue of breast-conserving surgery patients.

  Study EGAS00001005698

• PRDM9 loss of function follow up from Born-in-Bradford Autozygosity sequencing

  In the autozygosity exome sequencing of Born-in-Bradford samples of Pakistani origin there is a mother who is homozygous for an apparent truncating stop codon in PRDM9, the gene responsible for localising recombination during meiosis. We plan to deep sequence mother and child with X10, and physically phase the mother with PacBio sequencing. We will use this data to identify recombination locations, and test whether these are consistent with the known fine scale recombination map. Data Access is controlled by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute DAC and the Born In Bradford Executive Group.

  Dataset EGAD00001001686

• Genetic Components of Knee Osteoarthritis (GeCKO) Study: The Osteoarthritis Initiative

  The Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) is a publicly and privately funded prospective longitudinal cohort with a primary objective of identifying risk factors for incidence and progression of tibiofemoral knee OA. The OAI utilized a focused population-based recruitment to enroll 4,674 men and women between the ages of 45-79 years who either had radiographic symptomatic knee OA or who were without radiographic symptomatic OA in both knees but were considered high risk for OA because they had two or more known risk factors for knee OA. Subjects were recruited into the baseline phase of the OAI at multiple sites throughout the US between 2004 and 2006. All subjects were invited back for follow-up examinations to assess incidence or progression of OA annually, for up to 5 years. Phenotype data from the baseline and follow-up examinations are available for public access from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) database at http://www.oai.ucsf.edu/. The Genetic Components of Knee Osteoarthritis (GeCKO) Study was initiated in 2009 as a genetic ancillary study to perform a genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants associated with radiographic osteoarthritis. This study included 4,482 individuals participating in the parent OAI study. Following sample cleaning (e.g., removal of duplicates, sex mismatches, poor sample quality, etc.), the final sample set included 4,129 individuals.

  Study phs000955

• Treg cell subset-specific gene expression patterns in human head and neck cancer

  Backgrand: The occurrence of head and neck cancer has been increased all over the world. Although the prognosis has been improved by using several treatment modalities including immunotherapy, it is still unsatisfying. It is still unclear why the immunotherapy is effective only for partial amount of patients. To resolve this problem and to make a new treatment strategy based on human immune system, further investigation of antitumor immunity is required. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play critical roles in human immune responses including antitumor immunity. Therefore, the research to elucidate Treg function is strongly urged to clarify the mechanisms of antitumor immunity. Methods: We performed RNA-seuencing analysis of regulatory T cells infiltrating head and neck cancer. We devided into four populations, DP, CD25+, CTLA4+, DN and analyzed gene expressions. Results: The gene expression patterns of Treg-related genes were different between CD25+ cells and CD25- cells. Furthermore, DP cells had unique gene expression pattern compared to other populations. Conclusions: We found Treg cells infiltrating head and neck cancer had high expression levels of Treg-related genes and DP cells had unique gene expression pattern that may become a target of new treatment strategy. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play critical roles in human immune responses including antitumor immunity. Therefore, the research to elucidate Treg function is strongly urged to clarify the mechanisms of antitumor immunity.

  Study JGAS000135

• Recording physiological history of cells with chemical labeling.

  Recordings of the physiological history of cells provide insights into biological processes, yet obtaining such recordings is a challenge. To address this, we introduce a method to record transient cellular events for later analysis. We designed proteins that become labeled in the presence of both a specific cellular activity and a fluorescent substrate. The recording period is set by the presence of the substrate, whereas the cellular activity controls the degree of the labeling. The use of distinguishable substrates enabled the recording of successive periods of activity. We recorded protein-protein interactions, G-protein-coupled receptor activation and elevations in intracellular calcium. Recordings of elevated calcium levels allowed selections of cells from heterogenous populations for transcriptomic analysis and tracking of neuronal activities in flies and zebrafish.

  Study EGAS50000000056

• The role of the mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex in neuroendocrine prostate cancer

  We sought to determine the effects of SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 depletion in prostate cancer cell lines. We performed siRNA-mediated knock-down of SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 in an androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) cell line and in a castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)-adenocarcinoma cell line (22Rv1) and compared global transcriptional alterations using RNA-seq.

  Study EGAS00001004177

• Phylogenetic analysis of combined lobular and ductal carcinoma of the breast

  Breast cancer manifests in diverse forms, with particular reference to various cell types harboring different mutations and gene expression profiles. To elucidate the clonal relationship between cancer cells in tumors composed of both ductal and lobular phenotypes, we analyzed two combined lobular and ductal carcinoma (CLDC) cases, including one mixed ductal-lobular carcinoma (MDL) lesion, by next generation sequencing.

  Study JGAS000300

• Shallow Whole Genome Sequencing of Patient Derived Xenografts

  Chemotherapy is the standard-of-care treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and benefits some patients, but what distinguishes responders from non-responders is unclear. In this study, we leveraged a comprehensive collection of 27 molecularly annotated patient-derived xenografts to uncover functional predictors of response to 5-FU and irinotecan combination therapy (FOLFIRI) in mCRC. Genetic analyses revealed that treatment sensitivity was marked by genomic scars indicative of BRCAness, suggesting homologous recombination (HR) deficiency as a key determinant. Accordingly, we surveyed a manually curated panel of 44 genes with a documented role in HR for the potential presence of pathogenic mutations. We did not observe a specific enrichment of HR gene mutations based on response to FOLFIRI. This result, combined with the absence of widespread biallelic inactivation of the analyzed genes and the predominance of mutations categorized as variants of unknown significance, suggests that FOLFIRI sensitivity is not primarily governed by underlying mutations in HR genes responsible for mitigating the genotoxic effects of this therapeutic regimen.

  Study EGAS50000000191

• Genomic analysis of Smoothened inhibitor resistance in basal cell carcinoma

  Smoothened inhibitors are currently being investigated for the treatment of several cancers. Vismodegib is approved for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The majority of BCC patients treated with vismodegib experience significant clinical benefit, however, a small number of patients develop resistance. Knowledge of resistance mechanisms can generate predictive biomarkers and is critical for the design of additional therapeutic strategies aimed at circumventing resistance. To investigate mechanisms of resistance to vismodegib in BCC we sequenced and profiled biopsies from patients who initially responded to treatment and subsequently progressed on drug.We find that resistance is associated with re-activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway through diverse mechanisms, including concurrent copy number alterations in the downstream Hh pathway components SUFU and GLI2, as well as novel SMO mutations that reduce sensitivity to vismodegib. The latter fall into two classes: those that activate SMO and those that directly affect the vismodegib-binding pocket. Additionally, we observe evidence of clonal selection of SMO mutations and intra-tumor heterogeneity of resistance mechanisms, which implies diverse and combinatorial strategies are required to overcome resistance.

  Study EGAS00001000845

• Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC): Copy Number Variant (CNV) Study

  Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) was formed to address issues of limited sample size and consistency of phenotyping that had limited genetic investigations on risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The T1DGC first collected affected sib pair (ASP) families from four geographic networks (Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, United Kingdom). In addition, T1D parent-offspring trios as well as cases and controls were ascertained from existing and de novo collections. For T1D, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) design has been successful at detecting ~50 loci that contribute disease risk. However, in the case of T1D as well as almost all other traits, the sum of these loci does not fully explain the heritability estimated from familial studies. One possibility for the undiscovered contribution to familial aggregation is that additional variants exist but have not yet been found because they have not effectively been targeted by the GWAS design. In this study, we focus on a specific class of large deletions/duplications -- copy number variants (CNVs) - and particularly to the subset of these loci that mutate rapidly, are not tagged by SNPs, and are highly polymorphic. The T1DGC assembled 2,601 T1D ASP families and 69 Parent-T1D offspring trios, that were eligible for this study. All samples included in this series have reported or self-declared European ancestry. All DNA samples were collected after approval from relevant institutional research ethics committees. Importantly, the source of DNA for CNV evaluation was uniform within a family (either all from PBMC or from EBV-transformed cell lines). We use a family based design that was optimized to capture these previously untested variants. We then perform a genome-wide scan to assess their contribution to T1D.

  Study phs000910

• Lineage-specific genome architecture links disease variants to target genes

  Long-range interactions between DNA regulatory elements and their target genes play major roles in gene regulation. The vast majority of interactions are uncharted, constituting a major missing link in understanding genome control. Here we use promoter capture Hi-C to identify interacting regions of 31,253 promoters in 17 human primary haematopoietic cell types. We show that long-range promoter interactions are highly cell-type specific, preferentially linking active promoters and enhancers. Patterns of promoter interactions reflect cell lineage relationships of the hematopoietic tree, consistent with dynamic remodeling of nuclear architecture during differentiation. Interacting regions are enriched for expression quantitative trait loci with effects on their interacting target genes. We exploit this rich resource of interactome maps to connect non-coding disease variants to their target promoters, identifying thousands of new disease-candidate genes, and implicating a number of gene pathways in disease susceptibility. Our results demonstrate the power of promoter interactomes from primary cells to reveal insights into genomic regulatory mechanisms underlying common diseases.

  Study EGAS00001001911

• Research in Adaptive Interests, Skills, and Environment

  The Research on Adaptive Interest, Skills, and Environments (RAISE) project is a coordinated set of pilot studies funded and otherwise supported by the Center for the Study of Adolescent Risk and Resilience (C-StARR) at Duke University. The initial data collection effort (Adolescent T1; 2015; NAHDAP 100737) was conducted by telephone and focused on self-regulation and related skills during early adolescence and their role in early instances of health risk behavior. The survey was comprised of brief measures of constructs in six areas of interest to C-StARR investigators: (1) background and home environment; (2) self-regulation and personality; (3) physical and mental health; (4) problem behaviors; (5) academics and school; and (6) technology use. The representative sample of 2104 adolescents was drawn from the population of fifth through eighth graders enrolled in North Carolina public schools during the 2014-2015 school year.In 2016, a subsample of 395 participants from the Adolescent T1 survey (selected on the basis of having resided within 100 miles of study personnel hubs in Durham, North Carolina and Sylva, North Carolina) participated in an additional home visit study that involved the collection of biological data and measures of cognitive ability and executive functioning. The molecular data made available to dbGaP were obtained from saliva samples that were collected (a) in person from 377 of 395 home visit study participants and (b) by mail from 60 participants who had participated in the Adolescent T1 survey but had not participated in the home visit study. The resulting data file was imputed to a 1000G phase 3 panel and is comprised of N = 437 individuals and 7,193,135 markers after filtering. Data were filtered with MAF ≥ 0.01, HWE p-value > 10-6, and genotype rate > 95%.

  Study phs003982

• FaceBase Study of Facial Shape in Tanzania: CIDR

  The goals of this project are to identify loci that underlie major genetic determinants of orofacial shape, by means of a GWAS in a cohort of normal African children (from Tanzania) from whom we have collected 3D digitized facial morphometric scans, and a subsequent replication study of normal children from the same population. These studies are part of the NIDCR FaceBase initiative (https://www.facebase.org/). In addition to dbGaP, all study genotype and phenotype data (including primary facial scans and landmarks) will be available for data-sharing with qualified investigators via the NIDCR FaceBase Hub (www.facebase.org/), following approval by the NIDCR FaceBase Data Access Committee.

  Study phs000622

• ALCHEMIST Study

  The ALCHEMIST study will accrue patients that are potentially eligible for the Intergroup adjuvant studies and perform central EGFR and ALK genotyping using a central reference laboratory certified by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA). Patients may either present prior to surgery with resectable NSCLC, may present following complete resection (before or after adjuvant chemotherapy). Eligibility is limited to those with NSCLC of a non-squamous histological subtype and those with adequate performance status and organ function for future trial eligibility. All subjects must submit tissue for central EGFR and ALK genotyping, as well as additional tissue for advanced genomics at the CCG. Subjects may have had local genotyping done prior to registration, however if these results shows no targetable EGFR or ALK alterations (or if it shows a KRAS mutation) then the patient will not be eligible for this screening protocol given the primary aim is to facilitate accrual to the adjuvant studies. All subjects will provide peripheral blood for matched normal DNA. All subjects (including those known to have EGFR or ALK alterations with local genotyping) will have formalin-fixed tissue collected for central genotyping. The testing will be performed at Response Genetics (Los Angeles, CA), a commercial CLIA-certified laboratory. ALK FISH will be performed using the Vysis break-apart probe and EGFR sequencing will be performed of exons 18-21. It is preferred that a full tumor block be submitted, but if unavailable, 15 unstained slides can be submitted. Genotyping results are expected to be provided to the treating clinician within 14 business days of submission so they can be used to determine eligibility for the randomized adjuvant studies, or to confirm the local results. Results will also be reported at intervals to the study team for update into the Alliance database. In addition to the commercial genotyping at Response Genetics, tissue will be collected for research genomics by CCG. For those patients with a block available, this will be forwarded to the CCG after clinical testing at Response Genetics. For patients without a block available, 15 unstained slides should be submitted to the CCG BCR for exploratory analysis. A peripheral blood specimen will also be collected and sent to the CCG BCR to use as matched normal. Specimens will be coded. Over the course of the study, the CCG will perform advanced genomic analysis of the resected lung cancer specimens in a research, non-CLIA environment. Following completion of the genomic analysis, the results can be matched with the clinical follow-up results using a link between the samples codes and the patient identifiers for correlative analyses. Subjects participating in the follow-up portion of the ALCHEMIST study, as well as those participating in the adjuvant therapeutic studies, are expected to undergo a standard-of-care diagnostic biopsy to confirm recurrence. At least two core biopsies, minimum, should be obtained as part of this recurrence biopsy. Paraffin embedded tissue from this biopsy will be used for confirmation of recurrence, for CLIA genomics to plan subsequent clinical trials, and for additional research genomics by the CCG. Plasma will additionally be collected at recurrence and sent to CCG for study of circulating free DNA (cfDNA). Data for the ALCHEMIST study is not yet available to be accessed by the public at this time; when ready it will be made available at the GDC Data Portal.

  Study phs001140

• Sampling of multi-centric lower grade glioma influences management and provides insight into gliomagenesis

  Rare multicentric lower-grade gliomas (LGG) represent a unique opportunity to study the heterogeneity between distinct tumor foci in a single patient, and to infer their origins and parallel patterns of evolution. In this study, we integrate clinical features, histology and immunohistochemistry for 4 patients with multicentric LGG, arising both synchronously and metachronously. For 3 patients we analyze the phylogeny of the lesions using exome sequencing, including one case with a total of 8 samples from the two lesions. We show that each tumor in multicentric LGG cases may arise independently or may diverge very early in their development, presenting as genetically and histologically distinct tumors suggesting that comprehensive sampling of these lesions can significantly alter diagnosis and management.

  Study EGAS00001002495

• CML_blast_phase_rearrangement_screen

  Genomic libraries (500 bps) will be generated from total genomic DNA derived from 10 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in blast phase samples and subjected to a total of two lanes of 50 bp, paired end sequencing on the llumina HiSeq. Paired reads will be mapped to build 37 of the human reference genome to facilitate the generation of genome wide copy number information, and the identification of novel rearranged cancer genes and gene fusions

  Study EGAS00001000191

• Hereditary_Cerebellar_Ataxias___Whole_Genome_Sequencing___2021

  Looking to identify mutations in order to validate that lines we have classified as from Ataxia patients contain the disease relevant mutations. This will allow us to publish on the existance of these lines which are now commercially avalable. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001006234

• The miR-185/PAK6 Axis Predicts Therapy Response and Regulates Survival of Drug-Resistant Leukemic Stem Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

  Overcoming drug resistance and targeting cancer stem cells remain challenges for curative cancer treatment. To investigate the role of miRNAs in regulating drug resistance and leukemic stem cell (LSCs) fate, we performed global transcriptome profiling in treatment-naïve chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem/progenitor cells and identified that miR-185 levels anticipate their response to ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). miR-185 functions as a tumor suppressor; its restored expression impaired survival of drug-resistant cells, sensitized them to TKIs in vitro, and markedly eliminated long-term repopulating LSCs and infiltrating blast cells, conferring a survival advantage in pre-clinical xenotransplantation models. Integrative analysis with mRNA profiles uncovered PAK6 as a crucial target of miR-185 and pharmacological inhibition of PAK6 perturbed the RAS/MAPK pathway and mitochondrial activity, sensitizing therapy-resistant cells to TKIs. Thus, miR-185 presents as a potential predictive biomarker, and dual targeting of miR-185-mediated PAK6 activity and BCR-ABL may provide a valuable strategy for overcoming drug resistance in patients.

  Study EGAS00001004153

• Novel PARN mutations in Hoyeraal-HReidarsson syndrome patients.

  The deposited data correspond to the sequences of PARN gene obtained by whole exome sequencing in two patients carrying mutations in this gene as described in Benyelles et al. EMBO Mol Med 2019.. PARN is a poly(A)-specific ribonuclease that regulates the turnover of mRNAs and the maturation and stabilization of the hTR RNA component of telomerase. Data represent Sequences with PARN mutations that have been identified in two patients with Høyeraal-Hreidarsson (HH) syndrome, a rare telomere biology disorder.

  Study EGAS00001003623

• Cell motility and migration as determinants of stem cell efficacy

  Limited stem cell migration capacities and undirected homing hamper their therapeutic efficacy. We report here the novel technology to isolate stem cell subpopulations with high migration potential. Hereby, we identified podoplanin-dependent stem cell mobility as important mechanism for their in vivo homing capacities and therapeutic efficacy as validated in preclinical models of Alzheimer´s disease and mouse glioma. In vivo applications of highly migrating stem cells resulted in remarkable improvement of targeted homing and engraftment rates. Moreover, animals receiving highly migrating stem cells showed higher recovery rates compared to unselected stem cells. This novel technology provides useful tool to improve therapeutic efficacy of stem cells and give insights into stem cell subpopulations heterogeneity with the potential of general applicability for cellular therapies.

  Study EGAS00001002478

• Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of Circulating Cell-Free (CCF) DNA and its Cellular Contributors

  Background: Circulating cell free (ccf) fetal DNA has enabled non-invasive prenatal fetal aneuploidy testing without direct discrimination of the genetically distinct maternal and fetal DNA. Current testing may be improved by specifically enriching the sample material for fetal DNA. DNA methylation may allow for such a separation of DNA and thus support additional clinical opportunities; however, this depends on knowledge of the methylomes of ccf DNA and its cellular contributors. Results: Whole genome bisulfite sequencing was performed on a set of unmatched samples including ccf DNA from 8 non-pregnant (NP) and 7 pregnant female donors and genomic DNA from 7 buffy coat and 5 placenta samples. We found CpG cytosines within longer fragments were more likely to be methylated, linking DNA methylation and fragment size in ccf DNA. Comparison of the methylomes of placenta and NP ccf DNA revealed many of the 51,259 identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were located in domains exhibiting consistent placenta hypomethylation across millions of consecutive bases, regions we termed placenta hypomethylated domains. DMRs identified when comparing placenta to NP ccf DNA were recapitulated in pregnant ccf DNA, confirming the ability to detect differential methylation in ccf DNA mixtures. Conclusions: We generated methylome maps for four sample types at single base resolution, identified a link between DNA methylation and fragment length in ccf DNA, identified DMRs between sample groups, and uncovered the presence of megabase-size placenta hypomethylated domains. Furthermore, we anticipate these results to provide a foundation to which future studies using discriminatory DNA methylation may be compared.

  Study phs000846

• pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma exomes in study: Pro-immunogenic Impact of MEK inhibition combined with an anti-CD40 immunostimulatory antibody

  This dataset contains 3 pairs of exomes, germline (from whole blood) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX), from human pancreatic durctal adenocarcinoma patients. The data is referred to in the publication: "Pro-immunogenic impact of MEK inhibition synergizes with agonist anti-CD40 immunostimulatory antibodies in tumor therapy" (Nature Communications, 2020) Abstract: Cancer types with lower mutational load and a non-permissive tumor microenvironment are intrinsically resistant to immune checkpoint blockade. While the combination of cytostatic drugs and immunostimulatory antibodies constitutes an attractive concept for overcoming this refractoriness, suppression of immune cell function by cytostatic drugs may limit therapeutic efficacy. Here we show that targeted inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK) does not impair dendritic cell-mediated T-cell priming and activation. Accordingly, combining MEK inhibitors (MEKi) with agonist antibodies (Abs) targeting the immunostimulatory CD40 receptor resulted in potent synergistic anti-tumor efficacy. Detailed analysis of the mechanism of action of MEKi GDC-0623 by means of flow cytometric analysis of the tumor immune infiltrate and whole tumor transcriptomics showed that, in addition to its cytostatic impact on tumor cells, this drug exerts multiple pro-immunogenic effects, including the suppression of M2-type macrophages, myeloid derived suppressor cells and CD4+ T-regulatory cells. In addition, MEKi was found to induce tumor-cell intrinsic interferon signaling, which contributed to antigen presentation by tumor cells. Finally, the tumoridical impact of MEKi involves the activation of multiple pro-inflammatory pathways involved in immune cell effector function in the tumor microenvironment. Our data therefore indicate that the combination of MEK inhibition with agonist anti-CD40 Ab is a promising therapeutic concept, especially for the treatment of mutant Kras-driven tumors such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

  Dataset EGAD00001005938

• CAF-S3 subset in human breast and ovarian cancers

  Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are key players in the tumor microenvironment. By combining 6 well-known stromal markers, we identify four CAF subsets (CAF-S1 to CAF-S4) in human breast and ovarian cancers.

  Study EGAS00001003344