12401 results for ""statistically+reactive"+taxa+in+microbial+community"

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• Genomics characterization of primary central nervous system lymphoma

  Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare malignancy confined to the central nervous system (CNS). Despite low tendency of systemic dissemination, its prognosis is poor with median overall survival of 2?4 years. Due to its rarity, knowledge of genomic alterations underling PCNSL pathogenesis is severely limited. Here we performed whole-exome sequencing on 44 PCNSL and paired normal specimens, revealing high penetrance of nonsynonymous somatic mutations in PIM1 (95.5%), BTG2 (88.6%) and MYD88 (81.8%). Interestingly we found oncogenic mutations in GRB2, and this effect was cancelled when transformed cells are treated with inhibitors to downstream kinases MAP2K1/2. Further, when tumor cells carries MYD88 mutations, the same mutations were also found at low frequency in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC), implying that MYD88 mutation?positive precancerous cells originate outside CNS and develop to lymphoma with additional genetic hits that fit the CNS environment.

  Study JGAS000021

• DEPArray-based sorting of pure carcinoma and stromal populations from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues followed by shallow whole genome sequencing

  To overcome the challenges of low DNA yields, degraded DNA by formalin fixation and diluted signal of genomic aberrations by non-carcinoma components in the heterogeneous FFPE samples, we isolated pure carcinoma and stromal cells using the DEPArray™ NxT system, a microchip-based digital sorter that allows isolation of pure, homogeneous subpopulations of cells from FFPE samples. We isolated pure carcinoma and stromal cell populations from 12 FFPE tissues, including tissues from 9 primary and metastatic breast cancer and 3 primary ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas. This was followed by downstream shallow whole genome sequencing (WGS) for copy number landscape profiling for 10 samples. Seven out of 10 samples (even some with low tumour content or of old age) produced good quality genomic data, detecting sCNA in all carcinoma population samples but not in the stromal populations.

  Study EGAS50000001328

• A benchmark of DNA methylation deconvolution methods for tumoral fraction estimation using DecoNFlow

  In cancer patients, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) originates from both healthy and cancer cells, and the proportion of tumor-derived cfDNA serves as a surrogate marker of tumor burden. Tumoral cfDNA can be identified using patient-specific mutations or more general tumor-specific DNA methylation patterns that are preserved in cfDNA, enabling non-invasive cancer detection and monitoring. Accurately estimating tumor fractions remains challenging due to the heterogeneous mixture of cfDNA sources in body fluids. Computational DNA methylation deconvolution methods can address this by estimating tumoral fraction with or without reference methylomes. Here, we benchmarked 10 reference-based and 2 reference-free DNAm deconvolution tools and provide the data generated for this benchmarking, consisting of 10 neuroblastoma cell lines and one healthy cfDNA sample (pooled from 15 healthy cfDNA samples), profiled using cfRRBS.

  Study EGAS50000001529

• Genome wide association study of Coeliac Disease

  We performed a second-generation genome-wide association study of 4,533 individuals with celiac disease (cases) and 10,750 control subjects. We genotyped 113 selected SNPs with P(GWAS) < 10(-4) and 18 SNPs from 14 known loci in a further 4,918 cases and 5,684 controls. Variants from 13 new regions reached genome-wide significance (P(combined) < 5 x 10(-8)); most contain genes with immune functions (BACH2, CCR4, CD80, CIITA-SOCS1-CLEC16A, ICOSLG and ZMIZ1), with ETS1, RUNX3, THEMIS and TNFRSF14 having key roles in thymic T-cell selection. There was evidence to suggest associations for a further 13 regions. In an expression quantitative trait meta-analysis of 1,469 whole blood samples, 20 of 38 (52.6%) tested loci had celiac risk variants correlated (P < 0.0028, FDR 5%) with cis gene expression

  Study EGAS00000000057

• Understanding_the_development_of_resident_memory_T_cells__Trm__in_the_human_small_intestine_using_integrative_multiomic_approaches__Adult_RNA

  Animal studies have demonstrated that resident memory T (Trm) cells provide enhanced protective responses to a broad array of tissue-tropic pathogens, thus making Trm cells promising targets for novel vaccination strategies. However, the biological pathways that enable the long-term survival of Trm cells are poorly understood in humans. Here, we will employ a unique human intestinal transplantation setting that allows us to study the retention of persistent T cells in the grafts and the temporal development of resident T-cell populations from recruited recipient T cells. We will integrate high resolution transcriptomics, epigenetics, proteomics and immune repertoire single-cell data from purified intestinal T cells. These single-cell multiomics approaches will uncover the diversity and differentiation of the T cell populations in the human intestine, allowing us to temporally resolve the generation and maintenance of gut resident T cells.

  Study EGAS00001008257

• Single cell multi-omic study of H3-K27M mutant diffuse midline glioma across age and location

  Histone 3 lysine27-to-methionine (H3-K27M) mutations most frequently occur in childhood diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) of the pons, but are also increasingly recognized in adult DMGs. Their potential heterogeneity at different ages and midline locations are vastly understudied. Here, through dissecting the single-cell transcriptomic, epigenomic and spatial architectures of a comprehensive cohort of patient H3-K27M DMGs, we delineate how age and anatomical location shape glioma cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic features in light of the shared driver mutation. We conducted multi-omic profiling of 50 H3-K27M mutant patient tumors. We performed deep full-length Smart-seq2 fresh single-cell (n=18) or frozen single-nucleus (n=25) RNA-sequencing (sc/snRNA-seq) of 43 tumors). We additionally analyzed the open chromatin profiles of 8 tumors utilizing the single-cell/nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (snATAC-seq)

  Study EGAS00001006994

• T2D-GENES: Exome sequencing

  The Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Exploration by Next-generation sequencing in multi-Ethnic Samples (T2D-GENES) is a large collaboration effort between the University of Michigan, Broad Institute, the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Chicago, NIDDK, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, University of North Carolina, Blood Systems Research Institute, and University of Mississippi Medical Center. The goal of this study is to identify genetic variants for type 2 diabetes through multiethnic sequencing studies. In this study, we use next generation sequencing to assess the role of common, low frequency, and rare variants on type 2 diabetes risk. We preformed exome sequencing in 6,546 T2D cases and 6,457 control individuals of multiethnic origin, including individuals of African American, East Asian, South Asian, Hispanic, and European descent.

  Study EGAS00001001460

• The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations

  Here we report the Simons Genome Diversity Project data set: high quality genomes from 300 individuals from 142 diverse populations. These genomes include at least 5.8 million base pairs that are not present in the human reference genome. Our analysis reveals key features of the landscape of human genome variation, including that the rate of accumulation of mutations has accelerated by about 5% in non-Africans compared to Africans since divergence. We show that the ancestors of some pairs of present-day human populations were substantially separated by 100,000 years ago, well before the archaeologically attested onset of behavioural modernity. We also demonstrate that indigenous Australians, New Guineans and Andamanese do not derive substantial ancestry from an early dispersal of modern humans; instead, their modern human ancestry is consistent with coming from the same source as that in other non- Africans.

  Study EGAS00001001959

• Genomic profile of sporadic multiple meningiomas

  Molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of sporadic MMs and clonal formation etiology of these tumors are poorly understood. In this study, we worked on a cohort of patients with spatially separated MMs without prior radiation exposure or a family history who underwent surgical resection of at least two meningiomas. Unbiased, comprehensive next generation sequencing was performed and relevant clinical data was analyzed. We identified that both NF2-loss and non-NF2 driven MMs can form due to monoclonal expansion and those tumors can acquire inter-tumoral heterogeneity through branched evolution. Grade I and II meningiomas can occur in the same patient. Thus, the molecular make-up and clinical behavior of one tumor in MMs, cannot reliably lend insight into that of the others and suggests the clinical management strategy for MMs should be tailored individually.

  Study EGAS00001005700

• Validation_of_a_Haloplex_platform_for_targeted_re_sequencing_of_the_exons_of_25_genes

  We recently used the Agilent SureSelect platform to re-sequence a set of genes known to bemutated in human AML. The results from 10 AML DNA samples were very satisfactory, butthe effort required was significant.Thus, we decided to re-sequence the same genes using the Haloplax system for targetenrichment in 48 AML samples. We planned to do this using MiSeq and have data from apilot of 3 samples. The data is promising but coverage appears pathcy so far.However, in order to get a better understanding of the data we will need deeper sequencing. Wewill need two lanes of HiSeq to get the same degree coverage as Sureselect.his data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001000285