3456 results for "*geneti*"

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• Ontario Familial Colon Cancer Registry Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and CpG Methylation (OFCCR SNP-CpG)

  We profiled the methylation landscape of ~2100 DNA samples (~1100 cases of colorectal cancer and ~1000 controls) from the Ontario Familial Colon Cancer Registry (OFCCR) using the HumanMethylation450 array from Illumina. DNA was extracted from lymphocyte pellets, except for 99 samples for which DNA was extracted from lymphoblastoid cell lines. Samples were genotyped on the Affymetrix Human Mapping 100k and 500k arrays. The aim the study was to evaluate the interplay between genetic variation and methylation, including long-range epigenetic regulation.

  Study phs000779

• Whole exome sequencing to discover genetic variation associated with aortopathy in Turner Syndrome

  Turner syndrome is a disorder affecting only girls and women, which is caused by a complete or partial loss of the second sex chromosome. Girls and women with Turner syndrome have a variety of phenotypes. Of interest to this study is aortopathy, including bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and thoracic aortic dilation (TAD) in which we know that 25 - 50% of girls with Turner syndrome are born with. The aorta is the main artery that conducts the blood out of the heart. The aortic valve guards the entrance to the aorta. When the aortic valve has two leaflets instead of the usual three it is called a BAV. BAV is more common than all other congenital heart defects combined. BAV commonly causes obstructions to blood flow out of the heart or become leaky over time. BAV often occurs in combination with TAD. In Turner syndrome, TADs are increased 50-100 fold compared to the general population. Currently, there are no effective approaches or pre-surgical treatments for aortic disease. Therefore, progression of aortic disease in individuals with BAV/TAD can result in catastrophic aortic dissection, rupture, and death. Our goal is to leverage DNA sequencing and carefully curated patient samples to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that cause these inter-related aortic diseases.

  Study phs001531

• Natural Genetic Variation in the Human Genome

  In this study, we used existing whole genome sequencing data from the TOPMed Amish and Jackson Heart Study, as well as the GTEx study, to identify mobile element insertions in the genomes of these individuals.  A total of 1112 TOPMed Amish, 3331 TOPMed Jackson Heart Study, and 698 GTEx individuals were examined.  We used the Mobile Element Locator Tool (MELT) developed previously by our lab, along with a Cloud-based version of MELT (CloudMELT), to discover non-reference mobile element insertions (MEIs) in these genomes.  We discovered Alu, L1, SVA, and HERV-K MEIs and produced genotypes in individual genomes.  Build hg19 bams were used for the TOPMed samples, and build GRCh37 bams were used for the GTEx samples in this study.

  Study phs002463

• Genome-Wide Analysis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (De Novo and Derived from the High Grade Transformation of Follicular Lymphoma)

  Version 1. Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) represents the most common form of B-cell non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-NHL), accounting for ~30% of the de novo diagnoses and also arising as a frequent clinical evolution of Follicular Lymphoma (FL). The molecular pathogenesis of DLBCL is associated with multiple genetic lesions that in part distinctly segregate with individual phenotypic subtypes, suggesting the involvement of distinct oncogenic pathways. However, the lesions identified so far likely represent only a fraction of those necessary for malignant transformation. In order to characterize the entire set of structural alterations present in the DLBCL genome, we have integrated next generation whole exome sequencing analysis of 6 DLBCL cases and genome-wide high-density SNP array analysis of 72 DLBCL cases. We report here that FL and DLBCL harbor frequent structural alterations inactivating CREBBP and, more rarely, EP300, two highly related histone and non-histone acetyltransferases (HATs) that act as transcriptional co-activators in multiple signaling pathways. Overall, ~37% of DLBCL and 36% of FL cases display genomic deletions and/or somatic point mutations that remove or inactivate the HAT coding domain of these two genes. These lesions commonly affect a single allele, suggesting that reduction in HAT dosage is important for lymphomagenesis. We demonstrate specific defects in the acetylation-mediated inactivation of the BCL6 oncoprotein and activation of the p53 tumor suppressor. These results identify CREBBP/EP300 mutations as a major pathogenic mechanism shared by common forms of B-NHL, and have direct implications for the use of drugs targeting acetylation/deacetylation mechanisms. Version 2. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, but incurable disease that, in 30-40% of cases, undergoes transformation to an aggressive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The history of clonal evolution and the mechanisms that underlie transformation to DLBCL (tFL) remain largely unknown. Using whole exome sequencing and copy number analysis of 39 tFL patients, including 12 with paired sequential FL/tFL biopsies, we show that, in most cases, FL and tFL arise by divergent evolution from a common mutated precursor cell through the acquisition of distinct genetic lesions. Mutations in epigenetic modifiers (e.g., MLL2, CREBBP, EZH2, ARID1A) and anti-apoptotic genes (BCL2, FAS) were observed in 93% (36/39) and 78% (30/39) of cases, respectively, and were invariably shared between the two disease phases, suggesting an early acquisition in the common mutated precursor. Conversely, the development of tFL is associated with deregulation of genes involved in the control of cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses (CDKN2A/2B, MYC, TP53), as well as with an aberrant activity of the somatic hypermutation mechanism. Finally, we show that the genomic profile of tFL shares significant similarities with that of germinal center B-cell type de novo DLBCL, but also displays unique combinations of altered genes that may explain the dismal clinical course of tFL.Version 3. This version includes thirty-five additional de novo DLBCL samples, newly diagnosed, and their paired normal DNA from previously untreated patients, which were analyzed by whole exome sequencing (n=27T and 25N), whole genome sequencing (8T and 10N), and/or targeted HLA-next generation sequencing (n=26T/N pairs) in order to identify genetic alterations associated with loss of surface MHC-II expression.

  Study phs000328

• Genetic Analysis of Desmoplastic Melanoma

  Desmoplastic melanoma is an infrequent variant of melanoma with sarcomatous histology, distinct clinical behavior, and unknown pathogenesis. We performed low-coverage genome and high-coverage exome sequencing of 20 desmoplastic melanomas, followed by targeted sequencing of 293 genes to validate candidate genes. A high mutation burden (median 62 mutations/Mb) ranked desmoplastic melanoma among the most highly mutated cancers. Mutation patterns strongly implicate UV-radiation as the dominant mutagen, indicating a superficially located cell of origin. Novel alterations included recurrent promoter mutations of NF-kappa B inhibitor epsilon, NFKBIE (IkBε) in 14.5% of samples. Commonly mutated oncogenes in melanomas, in particular BRAF(V600E) and NRAS(Q61K/R), were absent. Instead, other genetic alterations known to activate the MAPK and PI3K signaling cascades were identified in 73% of samples, affecting NF1, CBL, ERBB2, MAP2K1, MAP3K1, BRAF, EGFR, PTPN11, MET, RAC1, SOS2, NRAS, and PIK3CA, some of which being candidates for targeted therapies. Reprinted from: Shain, A. H. et al. Exome sequencing of desmoplastic melanoma identifies recurrent NFKBIE promoter mutations and diverse activating mutations in the MAPK pathway. Nat. Genet. With permission from Nature Genetics

  Study phs000977

• NHLBI TOPMed: Outcome Modifying Genes in Sickle Cell Disease (OMG)

  Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by homozygosity for a single mutation of the beta hemoglobin gene. Despite the constancy of this genetic abnormality, the clinical course of patients with SCD is remarkably variable. SCD can affect the function and cause the failure of multiple organ systems through the pathophysiologic processes of vaso-occlusion and hemolysis. These pathophysiological processes are complex and expected to impact multiple organ systems in a variety of ways. This study, therefore, was designed to identify genetic factors that predispose SCD patients to develop specific end-organ complications and to experience more or less severe clinical courses. We enrolled > 700 patients with Hb SS, Hb S-beta0 thalassemia and HbSC being followed primarily at three southeastern U.S. regional institutions (Duke University Medical Center, University of North Carolina Medical Center, and Emory University Medical Center). Medical information obtained included the presence or absence of specific targeted outcomes (overall disease severity as well as specific types of end organ damage). Clinical data include medical status (history, physical, examination, and laboratory results) and information regarding potentially confounding environmental factors. Limited plasma samples are available for correlative studies (e.g. of cytokine levels, coagulation activation). Targeted SNP for candidate gene analysis as well as GWAS has been performed on most samples. Whole genome sequencing has been conducted through the TOPMed Consortium. The subjects in this analysis were collected as part of a larger study, "Outcome Modifying Genes in Sickle Cell Disease" (OMG-SCD) aimed at identifying genetic modifiers for sickle cell disease. More information about the study can be found in Elmariah et al. (2014), PMID: 24478166. Clinical and genetic data have been used to identify genetic characteristics predisposing patients with SCD to a more or less severe overall clinical course as well as to individual organ-specific complications. It is anticipated that identification of such genetic factors will reveal new therapeutic targets individualized to specific complications of SCD, leading to improved outcomes and increased life expectancy for patients with SCD.

  Study phs001608

• Next Generation Mendelian Genetics: Atypical Werner Syndrome

  Werner syndrome (WS) is an adult-onset progeroid syndrome characterized by accelerated aging. The International Registry of Werner Syndrome in the Department of Pathology, University of Washington, collects WS cases from all over the world. Classical WS is caused by WRN mutations. Those who do not carry WRN are categorized as "atypical Werner syndrome." A small subset of atypical WS is caused by LMNA mutations. There also are many cases whose causes are still unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify other causative gene(s) of atypical WS.

  Study phs000434

• Myocardial Infarction Genetics Exome Sequencing Consortium: U. of Leicester

  MI cases were ascertained from two studies: (i) the British Heart Foundation Family Heart Study and (ii) the BRICCS Study. Control subjects were ascertained from the control subjects being recruited as part of the UK Aneurysm Growth Study (UKAGS). All exome sequencing was performed at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; samples sequence capture was performed using Illumina's ICE Capture reagent and sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 or 2500.

  Study phs001000

• Genome Wide Association for Asthma and Lung Function

  The SNP Typing for Association with Multiple Phenotypes from Existing Epidemiologic (STAMPEED) asthma project includes subjects with asthma and controls from the Chicago Asthma Genetics Study (CAG), NHLBI multicenter Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) and NHLBI Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Asthma CSGA (Wake Forest). All studies included European American and African American children and adults with asthma ranging from mild to severe and adult controls. CAG participants were collected at the University of Chicago. SARP participants were recruited at the NHLBI SARP sites with an emphasis on recruiting severe asthmatics (Moore et al, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2010, PMID: 19892860). CSGA cases and controls collected by the Wake Forest investigators were also included. Asthma status was based on both a physician's diagnosis and either bronchodilator reversibility or hyper-responsiveness to methacholine as well as less than 5 pack years of smoking. Genotyping was performed on the Illumina 1Mv1 platform, with individual genotypes called using clustering algorithms as implemented in the BeadStudio software by Illumina. The total number of markers following standard QC was 1,025,129. Imputation was performed using the HapMap phase 2, release 21 SNPs using MACH with the phased HapMap CEU and YRI haplotypes as a reference. Case/control association tests for asthma status were performed using logistic regression in R (http://CRAN.R-project.org/) on genotype dosages, and adjusting for the first principal component from EIGENSTRAT.

  Study phs000355

• Human CD4 Memory T Cell Activation Time Course

  We performed a high-resolution time course RNA-seq experiment on CD4+ memory T cells during activation with anti-CD3/CD28 beads. We performed this in 24 adult individuals of European ancestry with no autoimmune diseases. We used 1 million cells as starting material, per time point (up to 8 time points per individual from 0 to 72 hours). We identified widespread dynamic allele-specific expression (dynASE) across the genome, i.e. ASE that changes with time after activation, which reflects cell state-dependent genetic regulatory effects. DynASE events were enriched in risk loci for multiple autoimmune diseases. This highlights the importance of studying multiple cellular states in order to elucidate the mechanisms of autoimmune disease. It also provides a successful framework to do it in other cellular systems relevant for other traits. We also showed an unprecedented amount of regulatory variation for HLA genes. HLA-DQB1 has 3 distinct regulatory haplotypes with expression profiles that could come from 3 different genes. We performed ATAC-seq in replicate for CD4+ memory T cells stimulated for 72 hours from another healthy individual. These data, together with genetic fine-mapping, CRISPR editing, EMSA and luciferase assays, helped us find a SNP in the promoter of HLA-DQB1 that causes at least part of the large cell state-dependent change in expression, at the RNA and protein levels.

  Study phs002259