4015 results for "*geneti*"

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• GLASS-NL DNA-Methylation

  Study EGAS00001007546

• Chromosomal mutational signatures of DNA damaging agents at single cell resolution

  The chromosomal scale mutational spectrum of small molecules that interact with DNA has been hard to study at scale, as mutational events are distributed in location and occur in parallel in different cells. Here, we present a framework that pairs phylogenetic ancestry reconstruction with mutational signature decomposition to characterise recent, cell-private CNA mutational processes at single-cell resolution. We used this framework to characterize the cell-wise “foreground” of contemporaneous CNAs induced by strand-break inducing chemotherapeutic drugs of different mechanisms. We demonstrate that platinum salts, G-quadruplex stabilizers and topoisomerase II inhibitors, although mechanistically distinct, converge on a mutational signature dominated by telomere-bounded copy-number gain and losses. This signature is observed in different genetic backgrounds and in vivo, in drug treated patient derived-xenograft tumours. We also observe a high rate of endogenous telomere-bounded mutational foreground in BRCA1 deficient cells. We show that the single cell genome derived signature exposures are drug dose-dependent, and use this to identify the decay of mutational load after drug withdrawal. We observe that both cisplatin and a G4 binder molecule (CX5461) exhibit foreground mutational signature persistence up to 3 weeks after drug withdrawal, suggesting that residual effects of exposure may last longer than anticipated. Finally, extending the framework to serially drug-treated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, we show that telomere-bounded CNA signature exposure is associated with tumour response across and resistance states exhibit only background levels of mutational signatures. This is consistent with loss of mutational activity on the genome, as opposed to acquired tolerance to chromosomal mutations as a mechanism for some forms of chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Together our results show that scWGS can identify contemporaneous chromosomal mutation patterns induced by small molecules in human tissues.

  Study EGAS50000002035

• Multi-faceted metastasis decoding: clonal fitness, site pressure, and transcriptional modulation

  The dynamics of unique pressures that evolve metastasis fitness due to genetic and non-genetic components in relationship to primary versus metastatic site has remained difficult to decipher due to the highly complex and intertwined relationship of these features to the heterogeneous clonal structures within tumors. To simplify this problem, we generated serially passaged patient-derived xenografts (PDX) that developed reproducible metastasis and examined them for robust clonal selection using DLP+ single cell genome sequencing. This clonal composition analysis identified a simpler PDX model of metastases that displayed very high intra-PDX clonal competitive fitness, marked with dominant and differential clonal sweeps at metastatic and primary sites by different clones. Further testing this fitness using the different combinations of clones’ transplantation, re-confirmed this high clonal selectivity of a metastatically fit clone at metastatic sites compared to the primary site, hence revealing copy number aberration (CNA) clonal state dependent fixed metastasis fitness. Overall, by testing 9 PDX lines we found two lines with reproducible metastasis which identified a model that simplified the complexities of tumor evolution during metastasis and revealed the dominant role of favorable CNA clonal structure in fixating fitness.

  Study EGAS50000001515

• Transcriptome Analysis Offers a Comprehensive Illustration of the Genetic Background of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia

  Study EGAS00001003701

• ATACseq of CD4 and CD8 T cells from CLL patients and age-matched HD

  This study investigates chromatin accessibility landscapes in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and age-matched healthy donors (HD). Briefly, peripheral blood T cells were isolated using magnetic bead-based negative selection, with CD4+ or CD8+ fractions further purified by FACS sorting. Samples were either used at baseline or after 2 days of acd3-cd28 stimulation in vitro. ATAC-seq libraries were generated using the Omni-ATAC protocol and sequenced as paired-end reads on an Illumina NovaSeq platform. Data were processed using the ENCODE ATAC-seq pipeline, including quality control, adapter trimming, alignment to the GRCh38 reference genome, duplicate removal, and assessment of library quality metrics. Accessible chromatin regions were identified by peak calling, followed by differential accessibility analysis between CLL and HD samples using DESeq2 within DiffBind. The study aims to define disease-associated regulatory changes in T cell subsets in CLL, with emphasis on epigenetic alterations underlying T cell dysfunction we report in out in vitro readouts.

  Study EGAS50000001902

• Terminal differentiation program of CD8 T cells guides immunotherapeutic options for CLL patients

  Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains incurable and autologous T-cell-based therapies induce durable remissions in only a minority of patients. Although poor T-cell performance in CLL has been attributed to exhaustion, T cells from CLL patients retain cytokine production and lack key transcriptional markers of exhaustion, suggesting an alternative state of differentiation. Here, we performed an integrated phenotypic, epigenetic and functional analysis of circulating CD8⁺ T cells from treatment-naive CLL patients to define the nature and therapeutic relevance of terminal differentiation in CLL. CD8⁺ T cells from treatment-naive CLL patients were enriched for a terminally differentiated, CD27⁻CD28⁻CD57⁺KLRG1⁺ population with several senescence-associated features, including increased cell size, granularity, β-galactosidase activity, and reduced basal autophagy. However, these cells lacked key hallmarks of irreversible senescence. Instead, CLL T cells mounted robust but transient proliferative bursts and developed activation-associated γH2AX signals followed by impaired persistence and increased cell death upon repeated activation. Especially CD57⁺ T cells were vulnerable and incompatible with the experimental steps required for CAR T-cell manufacturing. The potent, acute effector function of these cells could, however, be harnessed by bispecific T-cell engagers, which induced effective cytolysis of both cell lines and primary CLL targets by these T cells. Collectively, our data support a model in which CD8+ T-cell dysfunction in CLL reflects accumulation of short-lived, terminally differentiated effector cells rather than canonical exhaustion or irreversible senescence. This state limits durable persistence required for CAR T-cell approached while preserving acute cytotoxicity relevant for bispecific antibody-based therapies in CLL.

  Dac EGAC50000001042

• DAC_RNA-seq of murine osteosarcoma cell line genetically modified for CYR61

  Data access committee for RNA-seq of murine osteosarcoma cell line genetically modified for CYR61

  Dac EGAC50000000352

• BLUEPRINT Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Methylomes

  An optimized whole genome bisulfite sequencing protocol (µWGBS, Farlik et al. 2015 Cell Reports) was used to establish DNA methylation profiles of FACS-purified stem and progenitor cells types of the human blood lineage. Most cell types were sorted from the peripheral blood of three donors with eight pools of ten cells, two pools of 50 cells, and one pool of 1000 cells. HSCs and MPPs were also sorted from fetal liver (HSCs only), cord blood, and bone marrow. Single-cell methylomes using the scWGBS protocol (Farlik et al. 2015 Cell Reports) were established for six cell types (HSC, MPP, CMP, GMP, CLP, MLP0). Gene expression profiling using the Smart-seq2 protocol (Picelli et al. 2013 Nature Methods) was done for nine stem/progenitor cell types (HSC, MPP, CMP, GMP, CLP, MLP0, MLP1, MLP2, MLP3).

  Study EGAS00001002070

• Genetic, epigenetic and fragmentomic profiling of plasma cell-free DNA in cancer patients

  The primary goal of the study is to explore the temporal changes in cfDNA profiles in liver cancer patients undergoing therapeutic treatment. Serial blood collection and plasma cfDNA analysis were performed in patients with liver cancer, including patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, or those with secondary liver metastasis. Various molecular features of cfDNA were studied, including tumor fraction, epigenetic and fragmentomic analysis.

  Study EGAS50000002022

• Genetic, epigenetic and fragmentomic profiling of plasma cell-free DNA in cancer patients

  The uploaded data includes sequencing of plasma cfDNA from a total of 33 cancer patients. Plasma cfDNA samples were sequenced for whole-genome sequencing analysis using double-stranded DNA libraries, and paired bisulfite sequencing using single-stranded DNA libraries. All sequencing data are of extracted plasma cfDNA from human patients, and sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq6000 platform. Alignment was performed to the human genome (hg19). Lambda DNA was added to samples subjected to bisulfite sequencing for quality control.

  Dataset EGAD50000002912

• Genomic signatures of recent human adaptation to the Foraging-to-Farming Transition

  Human populations across multiple regions transitioned from hunting and foraging to sedentary farming societies starting ~10 to 12kya, narrowing dietary diversity and transforming relationships with animals and pathogens. To investigate how these ecological changes shaped human adaptations, we analyzed high-coverage whole-genome sequence data from 1,092 individuals practicing hunter-gatherer, agriculturalist, and pastoralist lifestyles across eight geographic regions spanning Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Collectively, our findings illuminate the genetic legacy of ecological changes associated with the foraging-to-farming transition and highlight the central role of non-coding regulatory variation in human adaptation.

  Study EGAS50000001991

• A spatiotemporal cancer cell trajectory underlies glioblastoma heterogeneity

  Abstract: Cancer cells display highly heterogeneous and plastic states in glioblastoma, an incurable brain tumour. However, how these malignant states arise and whether they follow a tractable cellular trajectory across tumours is poorly understood. Here, we generated a deep single cell and spatial multi-omic atlas of human glioblastoma that pairs transcriptomic, epigenomic and genomic profiling of 12 tumours across multiple regions. We identify that glioblastoma heterogeneity is driven by spatially-patterned transitions of cancer cells from developmental-like states towards those defined by a glial injury response and hypoxia. This cancer cell trajectory regionalizes tumours into distinct tissue niches and manifests in a conserved manner across tumours as well as genetically distinct tumour subclones. Moreover, using a new deep learning framework to jointly map cancer cell states and clones in situ, we show that tumour subclones are finely spatially intermixed through glioblastoma tissue niches. Finally, we show that this cancer cell trajectory is intimately linked to myeloid heterogeneity and unfolds across regionalised myeloid signalling environments. Our findings define a stereotyped trajectory of cancer cells in glioblastoma and unify glioblastoma tumour heterogeneity into a tractable cellular and tissue framework.

  Dataset EGAD00001015516

• Evaluation Of The Role Of Tumor Mutational Burden As A Prognostic Biomarker In Follicular Lymphoma

  In this study, we have evaluated TMB through a 409-gene panel in 135 patients with FL or transformed FL (tFL) at presentation. We analyzed the association of TMB with prognosis and specific genetic alterations recurrent in FL, with the goal of identifying molecular markers that could improve prognostic assessment.

  Study EGAS50000001448

• Integrated analysis of targeted DNAseq and RNAseq on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of hip replacement surgery patients

  Patient samples were collected from individuals undergoing elective femoral head replacement surgery. Eligible participants were aged >50 years, classified as otherwise healthy, and able to provide written informed consent. Exclusion criteria were trauma-related femoral hip replacement and any known hematological malignancy.

  Study EGAS50000001648

• Heterogeneous endocrine cell composition defines human islet functional phenotypes

  Phenotyping and genotyping initiatives within the Integrated Islet Distribution Program (IIDP), the largest source of human islets for research in the U.S., provide standardized assessment of islet preparations distributed to researchers and enable the integration of multiple data types. Data from islets of the first 299 organ donors without diabetes analyzed using this pipeline highlights substantial heterogeneity in islet cell composition associated with hormone secretory traits, sex, reported race and ethnicity, genetically predicted ancestry, and genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). While α and β cell composition influenced insulin and glucagon secretory traits, the abundance of δ cells showed the strongest association with insulin secretion and was also associated with the genetic risk score (GRS) for T2D. These findings have important implications for understanding mechanisms underlying diabetes heterogeneity and islet dysfunction and may provide insight into strategies for personalized medicine and β cell replacement therapy.

  Study EGAS50000000697

• A single-cell multi-omic atlas of the human pancreas reveals latent plasticity across development, health, and disease

  The pancreas plays a central role in major human diseases, yet our understanding of its cellular diversity and plasticity remains incomplete. Here, we present a single-cell multiomics atlas of the human pancreas, profiling over four million cells and nuclei from 57 donors across fetal development, adult homeostasis, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Integrating sc/snRNA-seq, snATAC-seq, VASA-seq, spatial transcriptomics (Xenium), and multiplexed proteomics (CODEX), we resolve gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and spatial organization at high resolution. We identify transcriptionally plastic centroacinar-like cells (pCACs) in adults with fetal-like features, delineate endocrine and exocrine lineage trajectories during development, and uncover HNF1A-defined beta cell epigenetic states. In T2D, we observe shifts in beta cell subtypes and altered regulatory programs. Glucose perturbation of healthy islets reveals cell-type-specific adaptation and stress responses. This atlas provides a foundational framework to understand pancreas biology and the role of cellular plasticity in regeneration and disease.

  Study EGAS50000001872

• G4SCOPE identifies sequence features and epigenetic contexts of chromatin G-quadruplexes

  Cancer-associated epigenetic remodeling involves both DNA secondary structures and covalent cytosine modifications, yet predicting chromatin-constrained G-quadruplex (G4) folding remains challenging. Here, we develop G4SCOPE, a multi-task deep learning framework that predicts G4 occupancy and quantitative CUT&Tag signal directly from DNA sequence in isogenic human breast epithelial cells. Trained across wild-type, TP53-deficient, TP53/BRCA1-deficient and TP53/BRCA2-deficient backgrounds, the model integrates convolutional motif learning with transformer-based self-attention to capture local motifs and broader contextual sequence features without auxiliary epigenomic inputs. It distinguishes chromatin-associated G4s from GC-matched loci with in vitro G4-forming potential, captures quantitative variation in local CUT&Tag signal, and performs consistently across the four breast epithelial genotypes. Independent application in K562 cells further supports the portability of the framework to a distinct cellular context. Model-derived G4 representations also separate loci with distinct local 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine profiles. Together, these results show that DNA sequence can predict chromatin G4 occupancy and quantitative CUT&Tag signal, and that the learned representations reflect differences in local cytosine-modification state.

  Study EGAS50000002094

• Sequencing of an organoid biobank for childhood kidney cancers that captures disease and tissue heterogeneity.

  Kidney tumors are among the most common solid tumors in children, comprising several distinct subtypes differing in many aspects, including cell-of-origin, genetics, and pathology. Pre-clinical cell models capturing the disease heterogeneity are currently lacking. Here, we describe the first pediatric cancer organoid biobank. It contains tumor and matching normal organoids from over 50 children with different subtypes of kidney cancer, including Wilms tumors, malignant rhabdoid tumors, renal cell carcinomas, and congenital mesoblastic nephromas. The malignant rhabdoid tumor organoids represent the first organoid model for tumors of non-epithelial origin. The tumor organoids retain key properties of native tumors, useful for revealing patient specific drug vulnerabilities. We further demonstrate that organoid cultures derived from Wilms tumors consist of multiple different cell types, including epithelial, stromal and blastemal-like. Our organoid biobank captures the cellular heterogeneity of pediatric kidney tumors, providing a representative collection of well-characterized models for basic cancer research, drug-screening, and personalized medicine.

  Study EGAS00001003853

• Germline biallelic mutation affecting the transcription factor Helios causes pleiotropic defects of immunity

  We studied a patient with recurrent respiratory infections and hypogammaglobulinemia and identified a germline homozygous missense mutation in IKZF2 encoding Helios (p.Ile325Val). We show that HeliosI325V retains DNA-binding and dimerization properties, but loses interaction with several partners, including epigenetic remodelers HDAC1, HDAC3 and the ATAC complex. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed gene expression signatures indicative of a shift towards pro-inflammatory, effector-like status in the patient’s T cells. We observed an upregulation of the anti-inflammatory gene, TSC22D3, encoding the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), whose expression was reported to increase upon IL-2 deprivation. We validated this finding in primary T cells, where we observed a pronounced reduction in IL-2 production upon their stimulation, together with a defect in their ability to proliferate, rendering them more anergic. Collectively, we identify a novel germline-encoded inborn error of immunity and define a role for Helios in conventional T cells, whereby interactions with specific binding partners is necessary to mediate the transcriptional programs that enable T-cell homeostasis in health and disease.

  Study EGAS00001005675

• HG Transcriptome sequencing in the INTERVAL cohort

  We performed bulk RNA-sequencing on peripheral blood collected from 4,732 blood donors recruited as part of the INTERVAL study. Using these data, we mapped gene expression and splicing quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Then, we integrated these data with protein, metabolite and lipid QTLs in the same individuals. The study aimed to identify the shared genetic etiology across transcriptional phenotypes, molecular traits and health outcomes in humans.

  Study EGAS00001003346

• UK10K NEURO UKSCZ

  In the UK10K project we propose a series of complementary genetic approaches to find new low frequency/rare variants contributing to disease phenotypes. These will be based on obtaining the genome wide sequence of 4000 samples from the TwinsUK and ALSPAC cohorts (at 6x sequence coverage), and the exome sequence (protein coding regions and related conserved sequence) of 6000 samples selected for extreme phenotypes. Our studies will focus primarily on cardiovascular-related quantitative traits, obesity and related metabolic traits, neurodevelopmental disorders and a limited number of extreme clinical phenotypes that will provide proof-of-concept for future familial trait sequencing. We will analyse directly quantitative traits in the cohorts and the selected traits in the extreme samples, and also use imputation down to 0.1% allele frequency to extend the analyses to further sample sets with genome wide genotype data. In each case we will investigate indels and larger structural variants as well as SNPs, and use statistical methods that combine rare variants in a locus or pathway as well as single-variant approaches. These samples have been collected from throughout the UK and Ireland. The samples fall into two main categories, approximately 500 have a full diagnostic work up. A proportion of these are cases with a positive family history of schizophrenia, either collected as sib-pairs or from multiplex kindred's. The second group consist mainly of >300 samples that have been systematically collected within South Wales and in addition to full diagnostic work up have undergone detailed cognitive testing. All samples have obtained a DSM IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.For further information on this cohort please contact Michael Owen (OwenMJ@cardiff.ac.uk).

  Study EGAS00001000123

• HCA_Thymus_Disease

  Single cell RNA sequencing on thymic cells from children with syndromic diseases such as Trisomy 21 and inflammatory/autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia gravis. Our group has previously performed atlasing of the healthy human thymus using single cell transcriptomics and obtained an unprecedented understanding of human thymus throughout development. In this study, we intend to survey diseased human thymus and compare this to healthy to obtain a better understanding of thymic dysfunction in human diseases. The diseases we will survey include congenital conditions such as Down's syndrome, CHARGE syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome as well as acquired diseases such as myasthenia gravis and thymic hyperplasia. We intend to perform genetic and genomic study on the samples, including expression analysis. This will not only help us to understand the cells and molecular pathways affected in dysfunctional thymus; but may also lead to generalisable understandings in human genetic diseases and inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/

  Study EGAS00001004310

• The landscape of LAM disease

  Tumor biopsies from LAM disease were retrospectively analyzed by multiple techniques to characterize the alterations in patients ,to elucidate the landscape of genetic/genomic alterations.

  Study EGAS00001003534

• Whole-genome sequencing of rare disease patients in a national healthcare system

  Most patients with rare diseases do not receive a molecular diagnosis and the aetiologicalvariants and mediating genes for more than half such disorders remain to be discovered. Weimplemented whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in a national healthcare system to streamlinediagnosis and to discover unknown aetiological variants, in the coding and non-coding regionsof the genome. In a pilot study for the 100,000 Genomes Project, we generated WGS data for13,037 participants, of whom 9,802 had a rare disease, and provided a genetic diagnosis to1,138 of the 7,065 patients with detailed phenotypic data. We identified 95 Mendelianassociations between genes and rare diseases, of which 11 have been discovered since 2015and at least 79 are confirmed aetiological. Using WGS of UK Biobank1, we showed that rarealleles can explain the presence of some individuals in the tails of a quantitative red blood cell(RBC) trait. Finally, we reported 4 novel non-coding variants which cause disease through thedisruption of transcription of ARPC1B, GATA1, LRBA and MPL. Our study demonstrates asynergy by using WGS for diagnosis and aetiological discovery in routine healthcare.

  Study EGAS00001004364

• DERMATLAS__Poroma_RNAseq

  Virtually no other tumour type is associated with so many different forms as skin cancer. Histologically, tumours of the skin may arise from epithelium, including epidermis, hair follicle, sebaceous or sweat gland, melanocytes, dermal-associated mesenchymal structures or tissue resident immune cells, making for a diversity of clinical presentations. Importantly, many skin tumour types have an extremely poor prognosis. Many skin tumour subtypes have never undergone molecular profiling, or if they have, targeted sequencing has been used and the number of cases analyzed has been so limited that deriving firm conclusions about the profile of driver genes, DNA mutational signatures and germline alleles has not been possible For 70 key skin tumour subtypes defined by the World Health Organization, that have not undergone extensive genetic analysis previoulsy, we propose to perform whole exome and transcriptome sequencing, from a range of body sites, to build a genomic atlas of dermatological tumours, including detailed maps of SNVs, copy number alterations, genome-wide methylation and expression profiles. The cases in this cohort are poromas.

  Study EGAS00001005759