4955 results for "*oma"

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• PFA ependymoma cancer study

  Sequencing data related the PFA ependymoma study (Michealraj et al., Cell 2020), a lethal glial malignancy of the hindbrain found in babies and toddlers.

  Study EGAS00001004312

• Whole exome sequencing data of patients with resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant atezolizumab and chemoradiation (PERFECT)

  Whole exome sequencing was performed on matched tumor and normal DNA of patients with resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma that particpated in the PERFECT trial. The PERFECT trial is an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase II feasibility study (NCT03087864) investigating the safety and efficacy of atezolizumab, combined with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and subsequent esophagectomy.

  Study EGAS00001006504

• Targeted sequencing of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

  Overall survival remains very poor for patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Identification of additional biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies are important for improving patient outcome. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), generated by implanting fresh tumor tissue directly from patients into immune-deficient mice, recapitulate many of the features of their corresponding clinical cancers, including histopathological and molecular profiles. Using a large collection of PDX models of HNSCC we demonstrate that rapid engraftment into immune-compromised mice is highly prognostic, and show that genomic deregulation of the G1/S checkpoint pathway correlates with engraftment. Furthermore, CCND1 and CDKN2A genomic alterations are predictive of response to the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib. Overall, our study supports the pursuit of CDK4/6 inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for a substantial proportion of HNSCC patients, and demonstrates the potential of using PDX models to identify novel targeted therapies for those patients who have the poorest outcomes.

  Study EGAS00001002979

• Efficacy of two different FGFR-inhibitors in a patient with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring an FGFR2 mutation

  Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) is a type of cancer with few effective systemic therapies. Elucidation of the molecular landscape of the disease from genomic studies based on next generation sequencing (NGS) has contributed to the introduction of new targeted therapies. One of these treatments consists of a class of small molecules that target members of the FGFR family of receptor tyrosine kinases. These drugs are effective and have been approved for cholangiocarcinomas with fusions or rearrangements of FGFR genes. In contrast, the role of these inhibitors in cholangiocarcinomas with mutations in FGFR genes is less well defined. We report here a patient with a cholangiocarcinoma bearing a FGFR2 p.Ser252Trp mutation. The patient was treated with two different FGFR inhibitors, as the first caused ocular toxicity. She obtained clinical benefit from both. This case illustrates the efficacy of FGFR inhibitors on cholangiocarcinoma with specific point mutations. This is the first case to report the clinical benefit of these drugs in FGFR2 p.Ser252Trp mutation. Clinical benefit can be sustained, as seen in our patient. Our case also shows that FGFR inhibitors-induced adverse effects, such as ocular toxicities, may not recur after re-challenge with an alternative drug of the same class.

  Study EGAS50000000015

• Aberrant EZHIP Expression Drives Tumorigenesis in Osteosarcoma

  Study EGAS00001007531

• Single-cell RNA seq-derived signatures define response patterns to atezolizumab + bevacizumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

  FASTq files and normalised gene expression counts from bulk RNA-sequencing of pre-treatment tumour (n=39) and adjacent non-tumour tissue samples (n=13) from advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.

  Study EGAS50000000838

• RNAseq of Follicular Lymphoma

  RNAseq analysis of 28 Follicular Lymphoma (FL) criopreserved samples was performed using ribosomal-depleted total RNA to analyze long non-coding RNA and coding transcript expression profiles comparing two different histological groups of FL tumors (FL1-3A versus FL3B/DLBCL). These comparisons were performed either in a subset of tumor purified cell samples (N=12) as in unpurified tumor samples including normal cells for the lymph node microenvironment (N=16).

  Study EGAS00001002980

• Whole exome sequencing of Ewing and CIC-DUX4 sarcoma tumoroid models

  Tumoroid models from Ewing sarcoma and CIC-DUX4 sarcoma models were generated from patient tumor biopsies. Tumoroids were established in 3D matrigel domes and then propagated on a matrige layer. Whole exome sequencing was performed with established tumoroid models.

  Study EGAS50000000379

• RNA sequencing of Ewing and CIC-DUX4 sarcoma tumoroid models

  Tumoroid models from Ewing sarcoma and CIC-DUX4 sarcoma models were generated from patient tumor biopsies. Tumoroids were established in 3D matrigel domes and then propagated on a matrige layer. RNA sequencing was performed with established tumoroid models.

  Study EGAS50000000380

• CRISPR_screen_M14__NCI_H3122

  Genome wide CRISPR screen was performed to find resistance to targeted drugs for melanoma and lung

  Study EGAS00001001060

• Whole-exome sequencing data of ovarian clear cell carcinoma in East Asia

  This is a genomic study to uncover the molecular landscape of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) in East Asia. This dataset contains normal-tumor paired samples of 104 patients with OCCC diagnosed in two branches of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. These are paired-end, whole-exome sequencing data, sequenced by Illumina NovaSeq with target depth of 150X.

  Study EGAS50000000031

• Single-Cell RNA-seq of Primary High Grade Serous Carcinoma

  Single-cell RNA Sequencing of CD45- cancer cells.

  Study EGAS50000000068

• Single-cell profiling reveals mechanisms of response to anti-PD-L1 versus anti-PD-L1 combined with anti-CTLA4 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

  Cancer patients often receive a combination of PD-(L)1 and CTLA4 inhibitors, but the mechanisms underlying their concerted actions remain unclear. We conducted a neoadjuvant study in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) involving anti-PD-L1 monotherapy versus anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA4 combination. Single-cell profiling of on- versus pre-treatment biopsies confirmed T-cell expansion as response biomarker. We identified a type 1 immune response accompanying T-cell expansion on-treatment across treatment arms, and herein characterized co-localized IgG plasma cell expansion as important contributor. In pre-treatment biopsies, similar features correlated with expansion upon anti-PD-L1, but not anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA4. By profiling tumor-draining lymph nodes, we found the addition of anti-CTLA4 to trigger activation and subsequent trafficking of CD4+ T-cells via the blood, to become T-helper 1 cells in the tumor. anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA4 indeed facilitated co-localized expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in tumors versus mostly CD8+ T-cells with anti-PD-L1 alone. Hence, we identify complimentary mechanisms underlying anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA4 therapy in HNSCC.

  Study EGAS50000000037

• Spatial Transcriptomics on prostate cancer heterogeneity

  Intratumor heterogeneity is one of the biggest challenges in cancer treatment today. Here we investigate tissue-wide gene expression heterogeneity throughout a multifocal prostate cancer using the spatial transcriptomics (ST) technology. Utilizing a novel approach for deconvolution, we analyze the transcriptomes of nearly 6750 tissue regions and extract distinct expression profiles for the different tissue components, such as stroma, normal and PIN glands, immune cells and cancer. We distinguish healthy and diseased areas and thereby provide insight into gene expression changes during the progression of prostate cancer. Compared to pathologist annotations, we delineate the extent of cancer foci more accurately, interestingly without link to histological changes. We identify gene expression gradients in stroma adjacent to tumor regions that allow for re-stratification of the tumor microenvironment. The establishment of these profiles is the first step towards an unbiased view of prostate cancer and can serve as a dictionary for future studies.

  Study EGAS00001003001

• Biallelic tumor suppressor loss and DNA repair defects in de novo small cell prostate cancer

  Small cell prostatic carcinoma (SCPC) is an aggressive pathology that is managed similar to small cell lung cancer. SCPC can evolve from prostatic adenocarcinoma in response to androgen deprivation therapy but in rare cases is present at initial cancer diagnosis. The molecular etiology of de novo SCPC is incompletely understood due to the scarcity of tumor tissue and the brief life expectancy of patients. Through a retrospective search of our regional oncology pharmacy database, we identified 18 patients diagnosed with de novo SCPC between 2004 and 2017. Ten patients had pure SCPC pathology and the remainder had some admixed adenocarcinoma foci, but all were treated with first line platinum-based chemotherapy. Median overall survival was 28 months. We performed targeted DNA sequencing, whole exome sequencing and mRNA profiling on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded archival tumor tissue. We observed frequent biallelic deletion and/or mutation of tumor suppressors TP53, RB1 and PTEN, similar to treatment related SCPC. Indeed, at the RNA level pure de novo SCPC closely resembled treatment-related SCPC. However, five patients had biallelic loss of DNA repair genes including BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM and MSH2/6: potentially underlying the high genomic instability of this rare disease variant. Two patients with pure de novo SCPC harbored ETS gene rearrangements to androgen-driven promoters, consistent with evolution of de novo SCPC from an androgen-driven ancestor. Overall, our results reveal a highly aggressive molecular landscape underlies this unusual pathologic variant, and propose opportunities for targeted therapy strategies in a disease with few treatment options.

  Study EGAS00001003007

• Genetic landscape of pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma

  We performed whole-genome sequencing of 13 paired tumor/normal Rhabdomyosarcoma genomes and analyzed somatically acquired single nucleotide variations SNVs, insertion/deletions, structural variations and copy number variations in the cancer genomes

  Study EGAS00001000256

• Origination of Ovarian Cancer is Dependent on Specific Aneuploidy Landscape

  Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), a highly chromosomally instable malignancy, develops through sequential stages of precursors in fallopian tubes including histologically unremarkable but TP53 mutated clones (p53 signature) and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC). Here, we applied RealSeqS to assess aneuploidy in 127 microdissected tubal regions. We found nearly all p53 signatures lost the entire Chr17 chromosome, offering a “two-hit” mechanism of both TP53 and BRCA1 in BRCA1 germline mutation carriers. Proliferatively active STICs harbor gains of 19q12 (CCNE1), 19q13.2, 8q24 (MYCyc), or 8q arm, while proliferatively dormant STICs show 22q loss. Based on aneuploidy patterns in a training set (n= 67), we developed an algorithm, REAL-FAST, to classify NFTE and STICs into 5 clusters. In an independent validation set (n= 72), REAL-FAST was able to detect STIC/HGSC with high sensitivity and specificity. Taken together, REAL-FAST promises a molecular test for diagnosing HGSC precursor lesions based on specific aneuploidy patterns.

  Study EGAS00001007220

• Epigenomic dataset of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma for EpiHK

  This dataset is generated for EpiHK. It contains Histone PTM ChIP-seq, WGBS, RNA-seq of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma and tumor adjacent normal tissue sample.

  Study EGAS50000000039

• Genetic landscape of pediatric Osteosarcoma

  We performed whole-genome sequencing of 37 paired tumor/normal OS genomes and analyzed somatically acquired single nucleotide variations (SNVs), insertion/deletions, structural variations and copy number variations in the cancer genomes

  Study EGAS00001000263

• Characterization_of_individual_foci_of_multicentric_multifocal_breast_cancer_using_targeted_next_generation_sequencing

  Multifocality or multicentricity in breast cancer may be defined as the presence of two or more tumor foci within a single quadrant of the breast or within different quadrants of the same breast, respectively. This original classification of the breast cancer as multicentric or multifocal was based on the assumption that cancers arising in the same quadrant were more likely to arise from the same ductal structures than those occurring in separate areas of the breast. The problem with these definitions is that the “quadrants” of the breast are arbitrary external designations, as no internal boundaries do exist. This project will therefore focus both on synchronous multifocal and multicentric tumors. The incidence of multifocal and multicentric breast cancers was reported to be between 13 and 75% depending on the definition used, the extent of the pathologic sampling of the breast and whether in situ disease is considered evidence of multicentricity (1). Although this incidence is variable, those figures show that it is a frequent phenomenon. Multiple (multifocal/multicentric) breast carcinomas, especially when occurring in the same breast, represent a real challenge for both pathologists and clinicians in terms of identifying the cellular origin and the best therapeutic management of the cancer. Multifocality or multicentricity has been associated with a number of more aggressive features including an increased rate of regional lymph node metastases and adverse patient outcome when compared with unifocal tumors (2-3), and a possible increased risk of local recurrence following breast conserving surgery (4). For the moment, the literature is divided on whether there is a corresponding impact on survival outcomes. Today, the current convention to stage and to treat multifocal and multicentric tumors is the classical tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging guidelines with which tumor size is assessed by the largest tumor focus without taking other foci of disease into consideration. If some papers, as the recent one from Lynch and colleagues, support the current staging convention (3), others, however, as Boyages et al. suggested that aggregate size and not the size of the largest lesion should be considered in order to refine the prognostic assessment of those tumors (5). On the top of that, the question whether multifocal/multicentric carcinomas are due to the spread of a single carcinoma throughout the breast or is due to multiple carcinomas arising simultaneously has been a matter of debate. Some studies suggested that multifocal breast cancer may result from either intramammary spread from a single primary tumor or multiple synchronous primary tumors; whereas others suggest that multiple breast carcinomas always arise from the same clone (6-8). Recently, Pietri and colleagues analyzed the biological characterization of a series of 113 multifocal/multicentric breast cancers (8) which were diagnosed over a 5-year period. The expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors, Ki-67 proliferative index, expression of HER2 and tumor grading were prospectively determined in each tumor focus, and mismatches among foci were recorded. Mismatches in ER status were present in 5 (4.4%) cases and PgR in 18 (15.9%) cases. Mismatches in tumor grading were present in 21 cases (18.6%), proliferative index (Ki-67) in 17 (15%) cases and HER2 status in 11 (9.7%) cases. Interestingly, this heterogeneity among foci has led to 14 (12.4%) patients receiving different adjuvant treatments compared with what would have been indicated if we had only taken into account the biologic status of the primary tumor. This study therefore showed that differences in biological characteristics of multifocal/multicentric lesions play a crucial role in the adjuvant treatment decision making process. In this study, we will concentrate on a larger series of patients with multifocal invasive ductal breast cancer lesions. We aim at: 1. Evaluating the incidence of multifocality according to the different breast cancer molecular subtypes (ER-/HER2-, HER2+, ER+/HER2-). 2. Evaluating the incidence of multifocality in patients with hereditary breast cancer disease (presence of germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations). Moreover, we would like to investigate if multifocal lesions with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations exhibit a characteristic combination of substitution mutation signatures and a distinctive profile of deletions as demonstrated recently by Nik-Zainal and colleagues (9). 3. Correlating multifocality with clinical information in order to define its influence on patients’ survival (DFS and OS). 4. Carrying high coverage targeted gene sequencing of driver cancer genes and genes whose mutation is of therapeutic importance in order to compare clinically-relevant genetic differences between several multifocal breast cancer lesions. 5. Evaluating the impact of the distance between the different lesions on the clinical outcome but also on the genetic differences. 6. Comparing gene expression patterns between several multifocal breast cancer lesions and correlate them with the results of the targeted genes screen. 7. Characterizing the genomic and transcriptomic status of cancer related genes in metastatic lesions (local recurrence, positive lymph node or distant metastatic sites) from the same multifocal invasive ductal breast cancer patients in order to evaluate the consequence of genomic and transcriptomic heterogeneity of multifocal lesions on metastatic lesions. Multiple (multifocal/multicentric) breast carcinomas, especially when occurring in the same breast, represent a real challenge for both pathologists and clinicians in terms of identifying the cellular origin and the best therapeutic choice. This project has the potential to identify genetic/transcriptomic differences existing between several lesions constituting multifocal breast cancers, which in the routine clinical practice are usually considered to be homogeneous among them. We foresee validating significant results in a larger series of patients and this, in turn, could have a remarkable impact on the treatment and clinical management of multifocal breast cancers. Indeed, we hope to provide some evidence whether or not each focus matters in multifocal and multicentric breast cancer to define the adequate therapeutic approach, especially in the context of targeted therapies. The work to be done at Sanger will be target gene screen pooling of 1400 samples.

  Study EGAS00001000407

• WGS/RNA-seq pair of an inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma (IHCA)

  A 49 years old female patient consulted for diarrhea, rectal bleeding and lower limbs edema and was diagnosed with systemic AA amyloidosis. An inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma was further identified and resected, resulting in the improvement of amyloidosis-related symptoms. Molecular analyses of the tumor tissue revealed a somatic chromosome rearrangement responsible for interleukin-6 mRNA stabilization leading to an inflammatory acute response with serum amyloid A protein production by both neoplastic and normal hepatocytes.

  Study EGAS00001003025

• Identification of germline variants in Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) by whole- exome sequencing

  Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare malignant tumor that arises from parafollicular cells. Approximately 8% of thyroid cancer cases are MTC, and about 25% of these have a hereditary component. Incorporating molecular parameters into tumor classification is important. Besides, the presence of pathogenic germline variants can impact directly on cancer prevention. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform whole exome sequencing (WES) on a consecutive series of hereditary RET wild-type MTC patients to identify genetic variants that may be involved in the carcinogenesis of this tumor. WES was performed on 28 patients negative for germline RET pathogenic variants using the NovaSeq 6000 platform. Variant classification followed American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.Our study represents a significant advancement in gene discovery for MTC genetics.

  Study EGAS50000000061

• Capture Hi-C on Hodgkin lymphoma cell line L-428

  In situ promoter capture Hi-C on Hodgkin lymphoma cell line L-428 in experimental triplicates. Hi-C libraries were prepared as previously described (Orlando et al., 2018, https://currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cphg.63). Promoter capture was based on 32,313 biotinylated 120-mer RNA baits (Agilent). Hi-C libraries were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 technology. The files are in FASTQ format.

  Study EGAS00001003032

• Genomic Profiling of Pediatric Tumors by Cell Free DNA Sequencing

  BACKGROUND Analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from peripheral blood has been studied extensively for detection and monitoring therapy response in adult cancers, but utility in pediatric tumors is unclear. METHODS We studied 233 children with hematologic, solid and brain tumors. cfDNA was extracted from 1 mL of plasma collected at diagnosis. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in cfDNA was quantified and diverse classes of somatic genomic variants were detected using PeCan-Seq. PeCan-Seq findings were compared with matched tumor whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing data. Minimal residual disease (MRD) status was evaluated by cfDNA PeCan-Seq in 14 patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. RESULTS Plasma cfDNA yields at diagnosis were higher for hematologic malignancies than for solid and brain tumors. Patients with hematologic malignancy were 100% ctDNA-positive, the median ctDNA fraction in cfDNA was 0.77. We detected 97% variants that were present in tumors and covered by the capture panel, and 50 subclonal variants that were present in cfDNA only. Our approach enabled detection of sequence and structural variants in B-ALL ctDNA at varying levels of MRD. Nineteen of 38 patients with solid tumors were ctDNA-positive, with high prevalence in Ewing Sarcoma, liver tumors and osteosarcoma. One of 19 brain tumor patients was ct-DNA positive, indicating lack of utility for plasma-derived cfDNA in this disease. Notably, cfDNA analysis of a single plasma sample identified genomic features in ctDNA derived from B-ALL, concurrent primary neuroblastoma, and a later neuroblastoma relapse, indicating that genomic variations from multiple tumors could be detected simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric patients with hematologic malignancy had an abundance of plasma ctDNA at diagnosis. Plasma ctDNA levels varied between different solid tumor types, more studies are needed to determine utility. Panel-based cfDNA sequencing could serve as a non-invasive approach for pediatric cancer diagnosis and disease monitoring.

  Study EGAS50000000072

• Identifying mutations in patient-derived melanoma DCC lines

  To identify mutations that cause resistance, we analyzed two patient-derived cell lines: Mel-DCC-11 (the parental line, sensitive to the BRAF inhibitor) and Mel-DCC-11-R (resistant to the BRAF inhibitor). We employed targeted-panel sequencing to examine the coding sequences of 410 cancer-associated target genes.

  Study EGAS50000001225