Search Results - EGA European Genome-Phenome Archive

This collaboration of Australian and American investigators aims to identify genes associated with liability for heroin dependence. The project uses a case-control design in which cases met lifetime DSM-IV criteria for heroin dependence. Controls included assessed individuals who did not meet DSM-IV heroin dependence criteria and unassessed general population controls. Cases and controls were obtained from the several large investigations including: The Comorbidity and Trauma Study, Heroin Dependence in Western Australia, the OZ-ALC Study, a Twin Study of Mole Development in Adolescence, and ongoing genetic studies of substance dependence conducted by investigators at Yale and collaborating institutions. These projects are briefly described below. The Comorbidity and Trauma Study (PI: Elliot Nelson), a retrospective case-control study examining genetic and environmental factors contributing to heroin dependence liability. The study was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and was run in collaboration with Washington University, the Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), and the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC), University of New South Wales. Case participants were recruited from maintenance clinics in the greater Sydney area. Control participants were recruited from employment centres and community centres, open street malls, and local press servicing the same geographical area as the opioid maintenance treatment clinics and either denied recreational use of opioids or had used these drugs recreationally fewer than 11 times lifetime. The prevalence in these individuals of non-opioid licit drug dependence and illicit drug dependence as well as childhood trauma exposure and other psychiatric disorders is elevated considerably versus estimates of similar measures in Australian general population samples. Participants provided blood samples as a source of DNA and completed a comprehensive psychiatric diagnostic interview based on the Semi-Structured Assessment of the Genetics of Alcoholism - Australia (SSAGA-OZ) augmented with sections drawn from other instruments assessing childhood trauma exposure, family history, and screening for borderline personality disorder. Heroin Dependence in Western Australia (PI: Sybille Schwab) is a study focusing both on genetic contributions to heroin dependence and response to naltrexone treatment of the disorder. Participants completed a clinical assessment and provided blood samples during their treatment at the Perth Naltrexone Clinic now name as the Fresh Start Recovery Programme. Funding for the project was provided by the Australia Government's National Health and Medical Research Council (Grant # 513862; PI: Sybille Schwab) Affected subjects from ongoing genetic studies of substance dependence conducted by investigators at Yale (PI: Joel Gelernter) and collaborating institutions were collected in the course of several NIDA-funded studies. Those included in the current set were assessed by means of the SSADDA (Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism). All are opioid dependent European-Americans, and all list heroin as the opioid must used. Most were collected at Yale University School of Medicine or University of CT School of Medicine under the supervision of Drs Joel Gelernter and Henry Kranzler. Control subjects were also collected in the course of several NIDA- and NIAAA-funded studies. Those included in the current set were assessed by means of the SSADDA (Semi-structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism). Most were collected at Yale University School of Medicine or University of Connecticut School of Medicine under the supervision of Drs Joel Gelernter and Henry Kranzler. The OZ-ALC Study (PI: Andrew Heath) consists of a large group of twins and their family members ascertained from the general population Australian Twin Registry who have participated in ongoing research projects. For the control investigation, we have selected individuals who do meet criteria for illicit drug dependence who have had GWAS genotyping with the Illumina Human CNV370-Quad. Inclusion of individuals with alcohol dependence or nicotine dependence was minimized. For a more detailed description of the study, please see: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?study_id=phs000181.v1.p1 The Twin Study of Mole Development in Adolescence (PI: Nick Martin) is an ongoing investigation of melanocytic naevi funded by the Australian Government's National Health and Medical Research Council (Grant # 389891; PI: Nick Martin). For the current project, unassessed parents of these twins will serve as a control group. These individuals will either have been previously genotyped with the Illumina Human 610-Quad BeadChip or will be genotyped as part of the current project. Parents have largely survived the period of risk for heroin dependence and, by virtue of their participation in this research, are very likely to have a prevalence of heroin dependence lower than that in the general population (i.e., <0.7%). In order to understand the immune modulatory effect of opioids across peripheral blood immune populations, a second study (PI: Christine S. Cheng) analyzed single cell RNA-seq profiles from the PBMCs of a subset of case participants and control participants from the Comorbidity and Trauma Study (PI: Elliot Nelson). The study assessed and identified transcriptional changes between opioid dependent and control samples across naive and LPS stimulated immune populations.

Study phs000277

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) GENEVA Genome-Wide Association Study of Venous Thrombosis (GWAS of VTE)

Overview: Our overall long-term goal is to determine risk factors for the complex (multifactorial) disease, venous thromboembolism (VTE), that will allow physicians to stratify individual patient risk and target VTE prophylaxis to those who would benefit most. In this genome-wide association case-control study (1300 cases and 1300 controls) we hope to identify susceptibility variants for VTE. Mutations within genes encoding for important components of the anticoagulant, procoagulant, fibrinolytic, and innate immunity pathways are risk factors for VTE. We hypothesize that other genes within these four pathways or within other pathways also are VTE disease-susceptibility genes. Therefore, we performed a genome wide association (GWA) screen and analysis using the Illumina 660W platform to identify SNPs within 1,300 clinic-based, non-cancer VTE cases primarily from Minnesota and the upper Midwest USA, and 1300 clinic-based, unrelated controls frequency-matched on patient age, gender, myocardial infarction/stroke status and state of residence. This is a subset of a slightly larger candidate gene study using 1500 case-control pairs to identify haplotype-tagging SNPs (ht-SNPs) in a large set of candidate genes (n~750) within the anticoagulant, procoagulant, fibrinolytic, and innate immunity pathways. Study Populations. Cases. VTE cases were consecutive Mayo Clinic outpatients with objectively-diagnosed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) residing in the upper Midwest and referred by Mayo Clinic physician to the Mayo Clinic Special Coagulation Laboratory for clinical diagnostic testing to evaluate for an acquired or inherited thrombophilia, or to the Mayo Clinic Thrombophilia Center. Any person contacted to be a control but discovered to have had a VTE was evaluated for inclusion as a case. Cases were primarily residents from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Michigan, Illinois, North or South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri and Indiana. A DVT or PE was categorized as objectively diagnosed when (a) confirmed by venography or pulmonary angiography, or pathology examination of thrombus removed at surgery, or (b) if at least one non-invasive test (compression duplex ultrasonography, lung scan, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging) was positive. A VTE was defined as: Proximal leg deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which includes the common iliac, internal iliac, external iliac, common femoral, superficial [now termed "femoral"] femoral, deep femoral [sometimes referred to as "profunda" femoral] and/or popliteal veins. (Note: greater and lesser saphenous veins, or other superficial or perforator veins, were not included as proximal or distal leg DVT). Distal leg DVT (or "isolated calf DVT"), which includes the anterior tibial, posterior tibial and/or peroneal veins. (Note: gastrocnemius, soleal and/or sural [e.g., "deep muscular veins" of the calf] vein thrombosis was not included as distal leg DVT). Arm DVT, which includes the axillary, subclavian and/or innominate (brachiocephalic) veins. (Note: jugular [internal or external], cephalic and brachial vein thrombosis was not included in "arm DVT"). Hepatic, portal, splenic, superior or inferior mesenteric, and/or renal vein thrombosis. (Note: ovarian, testicular, peri-prostatic and/or pelvic vein thrombosis was not included). Cerebral vein thrombosis (includes cerebral or dural sinus or vein, saggital sinus or vein, and/or transverse sinus or vein thrombosis). Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis Superior vena cava (SVC) thrombosis Pulmonary embolism Patients with VTE related to active cancer, antiphospholipid syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, vasculitis, a rheumatoid or other autoimmune disorder, a vascular anomaly (e.g., Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome, etc.), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, or a mechanical cause for DVT (e.g., arm DVT or SVC thrombosis related to a central venous catheter or transvenous pacemaker, portal and/or splenic vein thrombosis related to liver cirrhosis, IVC thrombosis related to retroperitoneal fibrosis, etc.), with hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, or with prior liver or bone marrow transplantation were excluded. Controls. A Mayo Clinic outpatient control group was prospectively recruited for this study. Controls were frequency-matched on the age group (18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80+ years), sex, myocardial infarction/stroke status, and state of residence distribution of the cases. We selected clinic-based controls using a controls' database of persons undergoing general medical examinations in the Mayo Clinic Departments of General Internal Medicine or Primary Care Internal Medicine. Additionally persons undergoing evaluation at the Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Center, and the Department of Family Medicine were screened for inclusion as controls. This study is part of the Gene Environment Association Studies initiative (GENEVA, http://www.genevastudy.org) funded by the trans-NIH Genes, Environment, and Health Initiative (GEI). The overarching goal is to identify novel genetic factors that contribute to venous thrombosis through large-scale genome-wide association studies of 1,300 clinic-based, VTE cases and 1300 clinic-based, unrelated controls. Genotyping was performed at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). Data cleaning and harmonization were done at the GEI-funded GENEVA Coordinating Center at the University of Washington.

Study phs000289

A Genome-Wide Association Study in Patients Experiencing Drug-Induced Long-QT Syndrome and/or Torsades de Pointes; A Collaboration Between the NIH Pharmacogenomics Research Network and the RIKEN Yokohama Institute Center for Genomic Medicine

The goal of this study was to identify genetic risk factors for drug-induced prolongation of the QT interval (diLQT) and the ventricular arrhythmia torsades de pointes (TdP). We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) focusing on subjects with a history of long QT and/or TdP after taking medication. Controls for this study were individuals with a history of cardiac arrhythmias who had begun treatment with potentially QT-prolonging antiarrhythmics. An additional control group of normal volunteers were given ibutilide, a drug with documented proarrhythmic properties. All study participants were recruited and treated/evaluated at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. This study was conducted by the Pharmacogenomics of Arrhythmia Therapy subgroup of the Pharmacogenetics Research Network, a nationwide collaboration of scientists studying the genetic contributions to drug response variability. Genotyping was performed by the RIKEN research institute in Japan using the Illumina 610 Quad Beadchip platform.

Study phs000331

A Whole Genome Association Scan for Myopia and Glaucoma Endophenotypes using Twin Studies

Myopia and glaucoma are highly prevalent ophthalmic disorders worldwide and contribute significantly to ocular morbidity. There is substantial evidence that genetic factors play a significant role in the development of non-syndromic myopia and glaucoma. We propose to perform mapping studies for well-characterized twin populations in the United Kingdom and Australia in order to ultimately identify implicated genes for these disorders and related ocular parameters. This will provide a fundamental molecular understanding of how these disorders develop, and may lead to directed physiologic (i.e. pharmacologic, gene therapy) interventions. Our aim is to dissect the genetic basis of the eye disorders myopia and glaucoma. Instead of limited analyses of the trait/disease in a dichotomous manner, we are using continuous phenotypes of measures of refraction and intermediate phenotypes of glaucoma to analyze quantitative traits in unselected population samples of volunteer twins. Achievement of this goal requires cooperative efforts and large sample sizes. Thus, we have created an international collaboration of large complementary studies.

Study phs000142

1000 Genomes Used for Cloud Testing

WARNING: This is a test data set. The phenotype data was not checked to match 1000 Genomes project. Use with caution.This study provides public access to a demonstration subset of 1000 genomes sequence data in dbGaP. It is intended to be used by software developers who design, implement and validate pipelines for dbGaP data. While this project distributes only public data, it uses dbGaP security mechanisms which include a project-specific security key and a decryption password. Since the data are public, the key and password for this project will be included by SRA into public demonstration packages that permit users to test and validate the security of their computational pipelines. Note that all public users of this data will be logged under the same project and account ID. The datasets attached to this project must be restricted to 1000 Genomes data identical to the project's public FTP site. To access these test data using SRA toolkit use prj_phs710EA_test.ngc.

Study phs000710

Risk-Stratified Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Down Syndrome

Study ID: Children's Oncology Group (COG) - AAML1531NCT Number: NCT02521493Trial Title: Risk-Stratified Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Down SyndromeSubmitted in collaboration with the NCTN/NCORP Data ArchiveData presented in the following publication(s): 34320162 Disease type(s): Hematopoietic Neoplasm/Leukemia - Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Hematopoietic Neoplasm/Leukemia - Myelodysplastic SyndromeDataset(s) included:NCT02521493-D1: There are 2 datasets associated with PMID 34320162, NCT02521493-D1 through NCT02521493-D2. The NCT02521493-D1 dataset is a patient level dataset (single row per patient) containing patient characteristics, laboratory findings, and outcome for eligible myeloid leukemia in children with Down syndrome (ML-DS) enrolled on the AAML1531 clinical trial.NCT02521493-D2: There are 2 datasets associated with PMID 34320162, NCT02521493-D1 through NCT02521493-D2. The NCT02521493-D2 dataset is an adverse event level dataset (single row per adverse event, period, and patient) containing information of the micro-organisms associated with adverse events by period in the AAML1531 clinical trial.

Study phs004081

Single cell RNA sequencing of human embryonic forebrain after slice culturing for between four weeks and one month

With the aim of verifying normal tissue development in our Organotypic Timelapse recording with Transcriptomic Readout (OTTR) live tissue imaging method, we performed single cell RNA sequencing in organotypic slice cultures containing labelled cells from virally delivered ubiquitous Enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP)-expression. Human fetal cortices of PCW 7.5-10.5 were cut into strips along the dorso-ventral axis and directly placed en face, ventricular side down, on PTFE culturing membranes. To assess tissue health with our culturing method, we performed single cell RNA-seq analysis of the cortical explants (using adjacent slices from the same samples subjected to timelapse imaging). We cultured these control slices for four days in vitro (mimicking the start of a live imaging experiment after lentiviral infection and expression of EYFP), 11 days in vitro (corresponding to the end of one week of live imaging), and for two weeks and one month in vitro.

Study EGAS50000001185

Cell-type eQTLs for single-cell Mendelian Randomisation

The following study mapped eQTLs in the post-mortem human brain from snRNA-seq generated on 391 individuals. Following eQTL discovery and identification of state-specific eQTLs (dynamic associations interacting with disease), colocalisation and MR was performed integrating GWAS from 42 traits, for the identification of putatively causal genes with cell-type specific context. This study contains raw sequencing data and genotype for two datasets used in this work; - The MRC 60 dataset, which contains snRNA-seq generated on post-mortem brain from 60 control individuals (104 samples total, split across prefrontal cortex and hippocampus). Samples were pooled into 27 distinct pools, each of which was split across 4 lanes. Following sequencing and mapping using cellranger, demultiplexing was done using Demuxlet using the pool-specific genotype data (which contain sample IDs). - The Roche PD dataset, which is 10X multiome data generated on on 70 PD and 22 control individuals.

Study EGAS50000000687

ROCHE PD 92 Multiome dataset

This dataset contains 10X Multiome data generated on post-mortem brain from 92 individuals (70 PD, 22 controls). For the Roche_PD dataset, nuclei were isolated using Nuclei Pure Prep Nuclei Isolation Kit (Sigma Aldrich) with the following modifications. The tissue was lysed in Nuclei Pure Lysis Solution with 0.1% Triton X, 1mM DTT and 0.4U/ul SUPERase-In™ RNase Inhibitor (ThermoFisher Scientific) freshly added before use and homogenized with the help first of a 23G and then of a 29G syringe. Cold 1.8M Sucrose Cushion Solution, prepared immediately before use with the addition of1mM DTT and 0.4U/ul RNase Inhibitor, was added to the suspensions before they were filtered through a 30μm strainer. The lysates were then carefully and slowly layered on top of 1.8M Sucrose Cushion Solution previously added in new Eppendorf tubes. Samples were centrifuged for 45 minutes at 16000xg at 4°C. Pellets were re-suspended in Nuclei Storage Buffer with RNase Inhibitor, transferred in new Eppendorf tubes and centrifuged twice for 5 minutes at 500xg at 4°C. Finally purified nuclei were re-suspended in Nuclei Storage Buffer with RNase Inhibitor, stained with trypan blue and counted using Countess II (Life technology). After count, nuclei permeabilization was carried out following the demonstrated protocol for single cell multiome ATAC + Gene Expression sequencing from 10x Genomics. A total of 12,000 estimated nuclei from each sample was used for the transposition step and then loaded on the Chromium Next GEM Single Cell Chip J. ATAC library and gene expression library construction was performed using the Chromium Next GEM Single Cell Multiome ATAC + Gene Expression kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Libraries were sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 System and NovaSeq 6000 S2 Reagent Kit v1.5 (100 cycles), aiming at a minimum sequencing depth of 30K reads/nucleus. Genotype was generated as previously described (Bryois et al, Nature Neuroscience, 2022).

Dataset EGAD50000000964

Searching for variants associated with endometriosis

We explored regulatory mechanism of a SNP on chromosome 9p21 associated with endometriosis by leveraging “allele-specific” functional genomic approaches. By re-sequencing 1.29 Mb of 9p21 region and scrutinizing DNase-seq data from the ENCODE project, we prioritized rs17761446 as a candidate functional variant that was in perfect linkage disequilibrium with the original GWAS SNP (rs10965235) and located on DNase I hypersensitive site. Chromosome conformation capture followed by high-throughput sequencing revealed that the protective G allele of rs17761446 exerted stronger chromatin interaction with ANRIL promoter. We demonstrated that the protective allele exhibited preferential binding affinities to TCF7L2 and EP300 by bioinformatics and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses. ChIP assays for histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation and RNA polymerase II reinforced the enhancer activity of the SNP site. The allele specific expression analysis for eutopic endometrial tissues and endometrial carcinoma cell lines showed that rs17761446 was a cis-regulatory variant where G allele was associated with increased ANRIL expression.

Study EGAS00001001741

Single cell RNA sequencing and Whole Genome Sequencing on different cells from the same sample for a triple negative patient derived xenograft and ovarian cancer cell lines.

Measuring gene expression of genomically defined tumour clones at single cell resolution would associate functional consequences to somatic alterations, as a prelude to elucidating pathways driving cell population growth, resistance and relapse. In the absence of scalable methods to simultaneously assay DNA and RNA from the same single cell, independent sampling of cell populations for parallel measurement of single cell DNA and single cell RNA must be computationally mapped for genome-transcriptome association. Here we present clonealign, a robust statistical framework to assign gene expression states to cancer clones using single-cell RNA-seq and DNA-seq independently sampled from an heterogeneous cancer cell population. We apply clonealign to triple-negative breast cancer patient derived xenografts and high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell lines and discover clone-specific dysregulated biological pathways not visible using either DNA-Seq or RNA-Seq alone.

Study EGAS00001003387

Trans-ethnic genome-wide association study identifies 12 genetic loci influencing blood pressure and implicates a role for DNA methylation

We carried out a trans-ethnic genome-wide association and replication study of blood pressure phenotypes amongst up to 320,251 individuals of East Asian, European and South Asian ancestry. We find genetic variants at 12 novel loci to be associated with blood pressure (P=3.9x10-11 to P=5.0x10-21). The sentinel blood pressure SNPs are enriched for association with DNA methylation at multiple nearby CpG sites, suggesting that at some of the loci identified DNA methylation may lie on the regulatory pathway linking sequence variation to blood pressure. The sentinel SNPs at the 12 novel loci point to genes involved in vascular smooth muscle (IGFBP3, KCNK3, PDE3A and PRDM6) and renal (ARHGAP24, OSR1, SLC22A7, TBX2) function. The novel and known genetic variants predict increased left ventricular mass, circulating levels of NT-proBNP, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (P=0.04 to 8.6x10-6). Our results provide new evidence for the role of DNA methylation in blood pressure regulation.

Study EGAS00001001427

We describe a method to culture organoids from adult human kidney tissue and describe applications for the culture system.

Adult Stem Cell (ASC)-derived organoids are 3D epithelial structures that recapitulate essential aspects of their organ of origin. We have developed conditions for the long-term growth of primary kidney epithelial organoids. Cultures can be established from mouse and human kidney tissue, as well as from urine and can be expanded for at least 20 passages (> 6 months). Chromosome numbers remain normal. Human organoids represent proximal as well as distal nephron segments, as evidenced by gene expression, immunofluorescence and tubular functional analyses. BK virus infection of organoids recapitulates in vivo phenomena. Organoids can be established from Wilms nephroblastoma. Kidney organoids from Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patient’s urine allowed ex vivo assessment of treatment efficacy. Finally, organoids cultured on microfluidic organ-on-a-chip plates adopt a tubular conformation and display active transport function. Adult kidney-derived organoids allow studies of hereditary, infectious and malignant kidney disease in a personalized fashion.

Study EGAS00001002729

RNA-seq profiling of NKX6.1 reporter iPSC lines for isolation and analysis of functionally relevant neuronal and pancreas populations

We generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines with a GFP reporter inserted in the endogenous NKX6.1 locus. Characterisation of the reporter lines demonstrated faithful GFP labelling of NKX6.1 expression during pancreas and motor neuron differentiation. We performed three independent in vitro differentiations towards the pancreatic endocrine lineage. We FACS-purified GFP positive and negative cells from stage 7 cultures, and generated Smart-Seq2 RNA-sequencing libraries for the pre-sorted cells, as well as the two GFP-sorted cell populations. Gene expression profiling by RNA-sequencing reveals that the NKX6.1-positive population closely resembles mature human beta cells and the functional evaluation of purified populations shows that the glucose-responsive beta-like cells are enriched within the NKX6.1-positive population. These reporter lines provide a valuable resource to the scientific community for the derivation of functional relevant pancreas and neuronal cell subtypes.

Study EGAS00001002802

HGSC WGS for the study Genomic consequences of aberrant DNA repair mechanisms stratify ovarian cancer histotypes

HGSC cases in the OvCaRe and CRCHUM Tumour Banks were selected according to the following criteria: (i) were administered platinum taxane based therapy; (ii) relapsed within 12 months (365 days) or had at least longer than 4.5 years (1642.5 days) follow-up data; (iii) had at least 50% tumour content by H&E staining and expert pathology review. All cases were re-reviewed by expert pathologists to confirm the diagnosis of HGSC. Germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 was determined for all patients through hereditary cancer screening programs. The design of cases selection as a discovery cohort was engineered to amplify biological differences by selecting cases from the extremes of the outcome distribution. All HGSC tumours are primary tumour samples. Library construction and sequencing Frozen specimens with >50% tumour cellularity (based on initial slide review) were used for cryosectioning and subsequent nucleic acid extraction. Patient tumour and normal blood samples derived from primary, untreated fresh frozen tumour specimens harvested at diagnosis during standard of care debulking surgery. Germline DNA was provided from peripheral blood buffy coat on all specimens except 13 from Tokyo, where non-cancer frozen tissue was used as a germline source. DNA extraction from both matched normal (blood) and tumour samples (frozen tissue) were performed using the QIAamp Blood and Tissue DNA kit (Qiagen) and quantified using a Qbit fluorometer and reagents (high-sensitivity assay). Three lanes of Illumina HiSeq 2500 v4 chemistry for normal samples and five lanes for tumour samples were obtained. The PCR-free protocol was adopted to eliminate the PCR-induced bias and improve coverage across the genome.

Dataset EGAD00001003268

Multimodal Epigenetic Sequencing Analysis (MESA) of Cell-free DNA for Non-invasive Cancer Detection

Multimodal characterization of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood can enable the sensitive and non-invasive detection of human cancers but remains technically challenging and costly. Here, we developed Multimodal Epigenetic Sequencing Analysis (MESA), a flexible and sensitive method of capturing and integrating multimodal epigenetic information of cfDNA using a single experimental assay, i.e., non-disruptive bisulfite-free methylation sequencing, such as Enzymatic Methyl-seq (EM-seq) and TET-assisted pyridine borane sequencing (TAPS). MESA can simultaneously infer cfDNA methylation, nucleosome occupancy, nucleosome fuzziness, and fragmentation profile for regions surrounding the promoters and polyadenylation sites (PASs). MESA’s integrated analysis of multimodal epigenetic features significantly improved the performance of cancer detection models compared to the usage of any single modality alone. MESA captures additional and highly complementary epigenetic information from cfDNA without additional experimental assays, highlighting the importance and clinical prospect of using multimodal epigenetic features for non-invasive cancer detection

Study EGAS00001006462

Single molecule genome-wide mutation profiles of cell-free DNA for non-invasive detection of cancer

Somatic mutations are a hallmark of tumorigenesis and may be useful for non-invasive diagnosis of cancer. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 2,511 individuals in the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) study as well as 489 individuals from four prospective cohorts and found distinct regional and mutation type specific frequencies in tissue and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of cancer patients that were associated with replication timing and other chromatin features. A machine learning model using genome-wide mutational profiles combined with other features and followed by CT imaging detected >90% of lung cancer patients, including those with stage I and II disease. The fixed model was validated in an independent cohort, detected patients with cancer earlier than standard approaches, and could be used to monitor response to therapy. This approach lays the groundwork for non-invasive cancer detection using genome-wide mutation features that may facilitate cancer screening and monitoring.

Study EGAS00001007248

Adult human kidney organoids originate from CD24+ cells and represent an advanced model for adult polycystic kidney disease

Adult kidney organoids have been described as strictly tubular epithelial and termed tubuloids. While the cellular origin of tubuloids has remained elusive, here we report that they originate from a distinct CD24+ epithelial subpopulation. Long-term-cultured CD24+-derived tubuloids represent a functional human kidney tubule. We show that kidney tubuloids can be used to model the most common inherited kidney disease, namely autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), reconstituting the phenotypic hallmark of this disease with cyst formation. Single-cell RNA sequencing of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited PKD1 and PKD2 knockout tubuloids and human ADPKD and control tissue show similarities in upregulation of disease-driving genes. Furthermore, in a proof of concept, we demonstrate that tolvaptan, the only approved drug for ADPKD, shows a significant effect on cyst size in tubuloids but no effect in a pluripotent-stem-cell-derived model. Thus, tubuloids derive from a tubular epithelial subpopulation and represent an advanced model for ADPKD disease modeling.

Study EGAS00001006551

A clinically applicable connectivity signature for glioblastoma includes the tumor network driver CHI3L1

Tumor microtubes (TMs) connect glioma cells to a network with considerable relevance for tumor progression and therapy resistance. The determination of TM-interconnectivity in individual tumors has been challenging and the impact on patient survival unresolved. Here, a connectivity signature from single-cell RNA-sequenced (scRNA-Seq) xenografted primary glioblastoma (GB) cells has been established using a dye uptake methodology, confirmed with recording of cellular calcium epochs and validated with clinical correlations. Astrocyte-like and mesenchymal-like GB cells have the highest connectivity signature scores in scRNA-sequenced patient-derived xenografts and patient samples. In large GB cohorts, network connectivity correlated with the mesenchymal subtype and dismal patient survival. CHI3L1 has been identified and validated as a robust molecular marker of connectivity with functional relevance. The connectivity signature allows novel insights into brain tumor biology, provides a proof-of-principle that tumor cell TM-connectivity is relevant for patients’ prognosis, and serves as a robust prognostic biomarker.

Study EGAS00001007611

Distribution of ctDNA levels in plasma of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients measured using personalised ctDNA analysis

Blood-based assays have shown increasing ability to detect circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in patients with early-stage cancer. However, detection of ctDNA in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has continued to prove challenging. We performed retrospective analysis to quantify ctDNA levels in a cohort of 100 patients with early-stage NSCLC prior to treatment with curative intent. Where tumour tissue was available for whole exome sequencing, mutations identified were used to define patient-specific sequencing assays. For those 90 patients, plasma cell-free DNA was sequenced to high depth across capture panels targeting a median of 328 mutations specific to each patient. Data was analysed using Integration of Variant Reads (INVAR), detecting ctDNA in 66.7% of patients, including 52.7% (29 of 55) patients with stage I disease and >88% detection for patients with stage II and III disease (16/18 and 15/17). ctDNA was detected in plasma at fractional concentrations as low as 9.1x10-6, and in patients with tumour volumes as low as 0.23 cm3. A 36-gene sequencing panel (InVisionFirst-LungTM) was used to analyse plasma DNA in 27 samples including the 10 cases without tumour exome data, and detected ctDNA in 59% of samples tested (16 of 27). Across the entire cohort, detection rates were higher in squamous cell carcinoma patients compared to adenocarcinoma patients (81% vs. 59%). Detection of ctDNA prior to treatment was associated with significantly shorter time free from relapse, across all patients and in patient subgroups, with Hazard Ratios ranging from 2.25 to >11. Our analysis indicates that for patients with stage I NSCLC, the median ctDNA fraction in plasma is approx. 12 parts per million (0.0012%). This indicates the limits of detection that would be required for ctDNA-based liquid biopsies to detect ctDNA in the majority of patients with early-stage NSCLC.

Dataset EGAD00001006230

Germ Cell Tumor Molecular Heterogeneity Revealed through Analysis of Primary and Metastasis Pairs

Purpose: While primary germ cell tumors (GCTs) have been extensively characterized, molecular analysis of metastatic sites has been limited. We performed whole-exome sequencing and targeted next-generation sequencing on paired primary and metastatic GCT samples in a patient cohort enriched for cisplatin-resistant disease. Experimental Design: Tissue sequencing was performed on 100 tumor specimens from 50 patients with metastatic GCT, and sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was performed for a subset of patients. Data is being provided for a subset of 10 patients whose samples were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing. Results: The mutational landscape of primary and metastatic pairs from GCT patients was highly discordant (68% of all somatic mutations were discordant). Whereas genome duplication was common and highly concordant between primary and metastatic samples, only 25% of primary-metastasis pairs had =50% concordance at the level of DNA copy number alterations (CNAs). Evolutionary-based analyses revealed that most mutations arose after CNAs at the respective loci in both primary and metastatic samples, with oncogenic mutations enriched in the set of early occurring mutations versus variants of unknown significance (VUS). TP53 pathway alterations were identified in nine cisplatin-resistant cases and had the highest degree of concordance in primary and metastatic specimens, consistent with their association with this treatment-resistant phenotype. Conclusions: Analysis of paired primary and metastatic GCT specimens revealed significant molecular heterogeneity for both CNAs and somatic mutations. Among loci demonstrating serial genetic evolution, most somatic mutations arose after CNAs but oncogenic mutations were enriched in the set of early occurring mutations as compared to VUS. Alterations in TP53 were clonal when present and shared among primary-metastasis pairs. Reprinted from pending publication, with permission from JCO Precision Oncology.

Study phs002229

Genetic Progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

These data are tumor/normal-matched exome sequencing results on 45 participants (median age of 58.6 years) treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx at Mass Eye and Ear (MEE; Boston, MA, USA). Some tumors had two portions sequenced separately. All research complied with all relevant ethical regulations. Human subject research on patients at MEE was approved by the MEE Human Studies Committee under protocol HSC 11-024H, with informed consent obtained from participants. Participants were not compensated. Clinical data, including HPV status, were abstracted from patient records. Sequencing and clinical data were combined with TCGA data on 486 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The PhylogicNDT suite of genomic analysis tools was used to infer the relative timing of genetic events during tumor progression for major molecularly defined classes of HNSCC: HNSCC negative for human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV-associated HNSCC, and HPV-negative HNSCC involving mutations in CASP8, NSD1, and NOTCH1. The timing of the development of whole-genome somatic events leading to tetraploidy or triploidy and to increased measures of intratumor genetic heterogeneity was determined. Associations of heterogeneity measures with clinical outcomes were assessed. The analysis identified genes with early mutations that likely play roles in HPV-tumor initiation (FBXW7, NOTCH1, CASP8, FAT1, NSD1, HRAS, EP300, CREBBP, KMT2D). Genes with mutations at later median relative timing (PK3CA, NFE2L2, HLA-A, SPEN, and KMT2C) were more likely to be important for progressing to later stages of the disease. Gain of chromosome arm 3q and loss of arm 11q were found to occur more frequent in HPV+ HNSCC cases. A high prevalence of 3p and 17p loss were also observed in HPV+ HNSCC cases.

Study phs003139

Genomic Studies of Bipolar Disorder in a Large Cohort from The Netherlands

The transcriptomes of whole blood samples of a large cohort of individuals from the Netherlands were assayed using RNA-seq. These whole blood samples included patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, family members of patients, and healthy controls. Within the whole blood dataset, about 600 of the samples were sequenced to an average of 13.9 million mapped reads per sample, while about 2,000 were sequenced to an average of 5.9 million mapped reads per sample, in order to assess changes in power to detect eQTLs based on sample size. We find that expression, defined as the log transcripts per million reads (TPMs), is highly correlated when comparing the moderate (13.9M) and lower (5.9M) coverage datasets. Additionally, a subset of about 150 individuals provided fibroblast cell lines which were assessed for the levels of gene expression using RNA-seq at an average of 50 million mapped reads per sample. We use downsampling techniques to generate synthetic datasets derived from this real fibroblast RNA-Seq data to explore the relationship between coverage and number individuals in an eQTL analysis. Corresponding individual-level genotypes for the samples included in the expression matrix are also made available. The genotypes were derived from multiple other project cohorts, each using different genotyping platforms including OmniExpress Exome, Global Screening Array, Illumina550, and PsychChip. A Plink file set of these cohorts is provided here after merging the separate project file sets and extracting only the individuals who have expression data also provided here; quality control for SNP-missingness is recommended. We demonstrate in this study that given a fixed budget, eQTL discovery power can be increased by lowering the sequencing depth per sample to allow for an a greater number of individuals sequenced. 

Study phs002856

Gene-Environment Interactions (GxE) and Complex Traits

Functional variants associated with complex traits tend to fall in non-coding regions and affect regulatory mechanisms that are not yet well characterized. Furthermore, it is generally difficult to determine in which tissues and conditions they may have a functional impact. This is because the effect of a genetic variant on a molecular pathway, and ultimately on the individual's phenotype, may be modulated by "environmental" factors. We denominate such variants "gene-expression environment-specific quantitative trait nucleotides" GxE-QTNs. Achieving a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying GxE is a critical step in understanding the link between genotype and complex phenotype. It is also crucial to develop computationally efficient and statistically sound methods capable to integrate tissue/condition-specific functional genomics data to predict and validate when a sequence variant is functional. In this study we developed novel experimental and computational approaches to screen, analyze and functionally characterize genetic variants for complex traits modulated by environmental exposures. To identify and characterize genes with GxE, we analyzed allele specific gene expression in a panel of five relevant tissues (e.g. the vascular endothelium for cardiovascular diseases) under 50 controlled environmental conditions (e.g. glucocorticoids treatment, as a proxy for stress exposure). These data should be useful to develop computational tools that integrate different sources of evidence including data collected by ENCODE, RoadMap Epigenome and GTEx projects to functionally annotate GWAS variants. The experimental and computational tools developed by this project have widespread applicability, for example, can be used to tackle the functional basis of complex traits in other environmental contexts (e.g. other types of stress and hormonal levels) and genetic backgrounds. This resource represents the first comprehensive catalog of genetic variants that interact with environmental exposure in determining human complex traits.

Study phs001176

Single-cell RNA-Seq of human lymphoma reveals malignant B cell diversity and patterns of T cell immune checkpoint co-expression

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a generally incurable B-cell malignancy which has the potential to transform into highly aggressive lymphomas. Genomic studies indicate it is often a small subpopulation rather than the dominant population in the FL that gives rise to the more aggressive subtype. To resolve the underlying transcriptional networks of follicular B-cell lymphomas at single molecule and cell resolution, we leveraged droplet-based barcoding technology for highly parallel single cell RNA-Seq. We analyzed the transcriptomes from tens of thousands of cells derived from five primary FL tumors. Simultaneously, we conducted multi-dimensional flow cell sorting to validate our characterizing of cellular lineages and critical expressed proteins. For each tumor, we identified multiple cellular subpopulations, matching known hematopoietic lineages. Comparison of gene expression by matched malignant and normal B cells from the same patient revealed tumor-specific features. Malignant B cells exhibited restricted immunoglobulin light chain expression (either Ig Kappa or Ig Lambda), as well the expected upregulation of the BCL2 gene, but also down-regulation of the FCER2, CD52 and MHC class II genes. By leveraging the single-cell resolution on large numbers of cells per patient, we were able to examine tumor-resident T cells. We identified pairs of immune checkpoint molecules that were co-expressed, providing a potentially useful strategy for selection of patient-tailored combination immunotherapies. In summary, massively parallel measurement of single-cell expression in thousands of tumor cells and tumor-resident lymphocytes can be used to obtain a systems-level view of the tumor microenvironment and identify new avenues for therapeutic development.

Study phs001378

Investigating the Role of Neddylation in the Repair of Topoisomerase I-Mediated DNA Damage in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. First-line chemotherapy for metastatic CRC (mCRC) entails a combination of irinotecan with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (FOLFIRI). Irinotecan is a prodrug that is converted within the cell to its active metabolite SN38, a potent TOP1 inhibitor. TOP1 relieves DNA torsional strain arising from DNA metabolism by cleaving one strand of the DNA duplex and forming an enzyme-DNA covalent intermediate that can be trapped by inhibitors. The resulting TOP1 DNA-protein crosslinks (TOP1-DPCs) interfere with replication and transcription and induce cell death if left unrepaired. I have established the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in TOP1-DPC repair, but it remains unknown how ubiquitylation is activated. One possibility is that collision between advancing replication forks and the DPCs triggers a specific ubiquitin ligase to target DPCs for degradation. The DDB1-CUL4 (Cullin 4)-RBX1 (CRL4) ubiquitin ligase complex performs a salient role in both replication and DNA repair upon its activation by auto-NEDD8 modification (neddylation), but it is unknown whether it plays a role for TOP1-DPC repair. We plan to define the role of neddylation for TOP1-DPC repair during replication and examine irinotecan plus pevonedistat (PEV), a NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor in multiple clinical trials, in CRC patient-derived preclinical models including 3D organoids. The three in-house organoids, from which samples have been submitted to dbGaP, were sequenced as a means of verifying their identity as colon cancer organoids, to allow us to investigate the combination of TOP1 inhibitors and PEV and the molecular mechanisms underlying this drug combination in these organoids.

Study phs003257

15403 results for "1 mil coins fc 26 Visit Buyfc26coins.com for latest FC 26 coins news..buoc"

in 117.02 milliseconds.

Cancer Clinical Research Trust DAC for the 23 WES samples of melanoma subtypes

COVID-19 Severity of First Wave of Infection for Severe Patients in Madrid

DAC for ACT-Discover: identifying karyotype heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer evolution using ctDNA

COVID-19 Severity of First Wave of Infection for Severe Patients in Madrid

Data Access Committee for study Positive Selection in Peruvians from Three Ecological Regions

Coloured Project - Lankheet et al

The Data Access Committee for Human Olfactory Mucosa Cells (DAC HOM) at UEF

DAC for scRNA-seq and scp-MS data on human bone marrow

DAC_MATCH-R molecular driver

human HYPOMAP

This DAC will review all requests for data related to the dataset: EGAD00001015613.

DAC for DNA methylation data (iMED, BCG prime, and 500FG)

human biopsies

Validation study of genome-wide polygenic score for body mass index in South Asians

CoV2 challenge data

H3N2 challenge data

A machine learning classifier for DNA repair defects using plasma DNA

CITE-seq for peripheral blood samples of 5 breast cancer patients

Searching for genetic modulators of the phenotypic heterogeneity in Brugada Syndrome

Initial cohort of 500 solid tumors screened for Basket of Baskets

Tapestri_h5

Tapestri_loom

GermlineSNP

PopArg94_raw

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Heroin Dependence