7098 results for "canc*"

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• Genomic Sequencing of Ewing Sarcoma

  Pediatric Ewing sarcoma is a pediatric cancer that primarily arises from the bone. It is characterized by chimeric fusions of the EWS gene and an ETS family transcription factor. In this study, we performed massively parallel sequencing of a larger collection of Ewing sarcoma tumors to define the genomic landscape of this disease. We found that these tumors are among of the most genetically normal cancers currently characterized. There was also a marked absence of recurrent mutations in immediately targetable signaling transduction pathway genes. In this study we answer outstanding questions about ETS transcription factor expression, effects of treatment on mutational burden in Ewing sarcoma tumors, and describe patterns of tumor evolution. We also found that loss-of-function mutations in STAG2 were present in approximately 15% of Ewing sarcoma tumors and loss of STAG2 expression was associated with disease metastasis in this patient cohort.

  Study phs000804

• OICR-DAC, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Biliary Tract Cancer

  Next Gen Sequencing data from Biliary Tract Cancers

  Dac EGAC50000000528

• Elucidating the molecular landscape of KRAS/BRAF mutant colorectal cancers

  Study EGAS00001007459

• APOBEC3 mutagenesis drives therapy resistance in breast cancer

  Acquired genetic alterations commonly drive resistance to endocrine and targeted therapies in metastatic breast cancer, however the underlying processes engendering these diverse alterations are largely uncharacterized. To identify the mutational processes operant in breast cancer and their impact on clinical outcomes, we utilized a well-annotated cohort of 3,880 patient samples with paired tumor-normal sequencing data. The mutational signatures associated with apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) enzymes were highly prevalent and enriched in post-treatment compared to treatment-naïve hormone receptor-positive (HR+) cancers. APOBEC3 mutational signatures were independently associated with shorter progression-free survival on antiestrogen plus CDK4/6 inhibitor combination therapy in patients with HR+ metastatic breast cancer. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of breast cancer models and selected paired primary-metastatic samples demonstrated that active APOBEC3 mutagenesis promoted resistance to both endocrine and targeted therapies through characteristic alterations such as RB1 loss-of-function mutations. Evidence of APOBEC3 activity in pre-treatment samples illustrated a pervasive role for this mutational process in breast cancer evolution. The study reveals APOBEC3 mutagenesis to be a frequent mediator of therapy resistance in breast cancer and highlights its potential as a biomarker and target for overcoming resistance.

  Study EGAS50000000875

• Brain Cancer Center Committee

  Dac EGAC00001003523

• Integrative analysis reveals a macrophage-predominant, immunosuppressive immune microenvironment and subtype-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities in advanced salivary gland cancer

  Background Salivary gland cancers (SGC) are rare and heterogeneous malignant tumors. Advanced SGC lack established treatment options and show poor response to immunotherapy. Here, an integrative multi-omics analysis in a large cohort of advanced SGC revealed insights into the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) and distinct mechanisms of immune evasion. Methods A total of 104 patients with recurrent/metastatic SGC from the DKTK MASTER program were included in this study. Whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing and RNA-sequencing was performed on fresh frozen tumor tissue. The tumor immune microenvironment was analyzed using CIBERSORT deconvolution analysis and immune gene expression scores in bulk RNA-sequencing data. Single-nuclei sequencing and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed in selected samples. Results were validated in bulk RNA-sequencing data of a previously published independent dataset. Results Bulk transcriptome analysis revealed an immune-deserted TIM in the majority of advanced SGC samples. Immune exclusion was most prominent in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) subgroup 1 exhibiting a downregulation of the antigen processing machinery. Only a small subset of advanced SGC, including few adenoid cystic carcinoma, exhibited T-cell inflammation, which was correlated with tumor mutational burden in Non-ACC samples. Subtype specific expression of immune checkpoints as well as cancer testis antigens were identified with prominent expression of VTCN1 in luminal cells within ACC. Single-cell RNA-sequencing and bulk RNA-seq deconvolution analysis validated immune cell exclusion and revealed a TIM that was dominated by M2 macrophages across SGC subtypes. Among evaluable patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, a high T-cell to macrophage ratio was associated with clinical benefit. Conclusions These data support biomarker-based development of immune-checkpoint inhibition and the development of novel immune-checkpoint inhibitors and cellular therapies in SGC.

  Study EGAS50000000809

• Spatial heterogeneity, stromal phenotypes, and therapeutic vulnerabilities in colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis

  Peritoneal metastases (PM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) portend a poor prognosis. We sought to elucidate molecular features differentiating primary tumors (PTs) from PMs and actionable targets facilitating transcoelomic dissemination and progression. We performed multi-omic profiling of 217 samples from 136 patients, including 56 primary tumor (PT) and 120 PMs comprising 25 matched PT-PM pairs. Whole exome, and bulk RNA-seq analysis was conducted to identify underlying genomic aberrations and transcriptomic differences between primary and peritoneal lesions.

  Study EGAS50000000813

• PCR-free shallow whole genome sequencing for chromosomal copy number detection from plasma of cancer patients is an efficient alternative to the conventional PCR-based approach

  Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) can be detected in tumor cell-free DNA (cfDNA) by shallow whole genome sequencing (sWGS). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is typically included in library preparations, but a PCR-free method could be an effective alternative for research and diagnostics. Peripheral blood samples (n=22) were collected in EDTA-containing tubes from non-small cell lung cancer patients (n=10) and healthy donors (n=12). PCR and PCR-free library preparations underwent sWGS and the following metrics were compared: mapping quality, proportion of duplicate reads, genome coverage, sequencing read length and copy number profiles. The PCR-free method was further evaluated on archived plasma samples (n=33) of varying pre-analytical quality collected in EDTA or lithium heparin tubes. Archived samples were from acute myeloid leukaemia (n=15) and B-cell lymphoma (n=18) patients. The percentage of unique reads was significantly higher for the 22 samples analysed by PCR-free (95.7%) compared to PCR (84%). PCR-free libraries from 33 archived samples produced data of a comparable quality, with 95.4% unique reads. All other evaluated metrics were highly comparable for PCR and PCR-free library preparations. We conclude that SCNA detection can be performed by PCR-free sWGS on cfDNA from cancer patients and is feasible for diagnostic and archival plasma collected in EDTA- or lithium heparin-containing tubes. Our results pave the way for an automated cfDNA workflow for cancer plasma samples.

  Study EGAS00001004692

• PCR-Free Shallow Whole Genome Sequencing for Chromosomal Copy Number Detection

  Archival peripheral blood or bone marrow plasma samples from non small-cell lung cancer, B-cell lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia patients, and healthy donors. Shallow whole genome sequencing of 100 Samples by two distinct library preparation methods (PCR = 45, PCR-Free = 55). sWGS done for Chromosomal CN detection.

  Dataset EGAD50000001404

• Sensitive neoantigen discovery by real-time mutanome-guided immunopeptidomics - RNAseq

  Targeting cancer-specific HLA-peptide complexes is a promising immunotherapy approach, with mutated neoantigens offering high value for their immunogenicity and cancer-specificity. Selecting immunogenic targets requires personalized prioritization of cancer-specific immunopeptides. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based immunopeptidomics supports this process by directly identifying cancer-specific antigens and informing global presentation patterns to refine immunogenicity predictions. Clinical pipelines, however, must balance global depth and target sensitivity compounded by low input samples and time constraints. Here, we present NeoDiscMS, an extension of the NeoDisc pipeline, enabling personalized immunopeptidomics data acquisition. By leveraging real-time NGS-guided spectral acquisitions, NeoDiscMS maximizing sensitivity with minimal loss of global depth. NeoDiscMS improves TAA-derived peptide detection up to 20% and enhances neoantigen identification confidence compared to the clinical gold standard method. Designed for effectiveness and ease of use, it requires minimal effort for implementation. NeoDiscMS advances personalization in clinical antigen discovery by enabling more sensitive neoantigen detection while seamlessly integrating into existing workflows.

  Study EGAS50000000977