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• Kids First: Genomic Etiologies of CHARGE Syndrome, Related Conditions and Structural Anomalies

  Developmental disorders with structural birth defects account for the majority of morbidity and mortality in children's hospitals, and the genetic bases of many clinical phenotypes remain unknown. Genetic testing for individuals with structural malformations has uncovered the basis of many such birth defects; however, many more cases remain unsolved, posing challenges for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Multiple anomaly conditions are particularly challenging to diagnose, since they often present with unique combinations of clinical features that vary widely between affected individuals, even in the same family. CHARGE Syndrome (Coloboma of the eye, Heart Defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth and development, Genital abnormalities including pubertal delay and infertility, Ear abnormalities with deafness and vestibular disorders) is a multiple anomaly condition that affects a wide variety of organ systems. CHARGE Syndrome is caused in most cases by monoallelic pathogenic variants in CHD7, the gene encoding ATP-dependent helicase chromodomain DNA binding protein 7. Both de novo and inherited variants in CHD7 have been reported in CHARGE, and a growing number of families present with individuals who test positive for a pathogenic CHD7 variant yet exhibit only mild features. Similarly, individuals with CHARGE Syndrome often exhibit broad variability and reduced penetrance of clinical features, consistent with pleiotropic roles for CHD7 during development and/or additional genetic contributors or modifying alleles. Recent work has also implicated RERE, KMT2D, EP300, and PUF60 in having a role in CHARGE Syndrome.We hypothesize that (1) some cases of CHARGE are due to other genetic etiologies including oligogenicity, and (2) genetic modifiers contribute to the broad clinical variability and reduced penetrance of CHARGE features. To address these hypotheses, we have generated a cohort of 223 deeply clinically phenotyped individuals with CHARGE Syndrome and related disorders and structural anomalies who tested negative by chromosomal microarray, single gene sequencing, next generation panel sequencing, or exome sequencing. These individuals exhibit clinical CHARGE-like features including structural birth defects affecting craniofacial, ocular, neurosensory, brain, heart, mediastinal, renal, genitourinary, and skeletal organs. Our cohort includes these 223 individuals as well as affected and unaffected family members who consented to clinical and research genetic testing and donated blood samples for DNA and RNA isolation and sequencing. Building on this valuable cohort, we propose to use exome and genome sequencing to identify novel genetic etiologies of CHARGE and related developmental disorders for which alternative genetic tests have been inconclusive. Identification of novel pathogenic genetic variants and contributing modifier alleles within the coding and non-coding portion of the genome of these individuals will improve genetic diagnosis and provide important insights toward understanding the developmental mechanisms of structural birth defects.

  Study phs002592

• Patient Registry for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (PPH Registry-BioLINCC)

  Data Access NOTE: Please refer to the "Authorized Access" section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions. Objectives Establish a patient registry to evaluate the natural history, etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. Specific aims included the characterization of the demographic, medical history, family history, physical and laboratory findings of patients at time of diagnosis, and to characterize the survival duration of patients by traits evaluated at diagnosis and by medical interventions. Background There are several known causes of pulmonary hypertension: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congenital heart disease, mitral stenosis, left ventricular dysfunction and recurrent pulmonary emboli. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension is a disorder of unknown etiology which is diagnosed only after the known causes of pulmonary hypertension have been eliminated. Prior to the PPH registry, little was known regarding the epidemiology, etiology, natural history or ultimate survival among patients with PPH. In 1973, the WHO met to review the current state of knowledge on PPH and proposed the establishment of a multicenter collaborative study. The NHLBI PPH registry enrolled patients in the registry from 1981 to 1985. Participants Participants were enrolled into the registry from 32 medical centers throughout the US. Pulmonary hypertension was defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of >25 mmHg at rest or 30 mmHg with exercise at catheterization. The diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension was only accepted after the following secondary causes of pulmonary hypertension had been excluded: pulmonary hypertension within the first year of life, congenital abnormalities of the heart, lungs, or diaphragm, pulmonary thromboembolic disease, diagnosis of sickle cell anemia, history of intravenous drug abuse, obstructive lung disease, interstitial lung disease, arterial hypoxemia, collagen vascular disease, parasitic disease affecting the lungs, pulmonary artery or valve stenosis, or pulmonary venous hypertension. Baseline and follow-up data collected on participants include demographic characteristics, chest radiograph, pulmonary function tests, lung perfusion scan or pulmonary angiogram, intracardiac left-to-right shunt, pulmonary hemodynamics, as well as a history, physical findings and other laboratory measurements. Participants were followed for approximately 5 years. Conclusions There were 1.7 females for each male in the registry, and females tended to present with more severe symptoms. The mean time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 2 years. Right ventricular hypertrophy was found in 87% of participants and right atrial pressure was elevated in 72% of participants. The estimated median survival was 2.8 years with single year survival rates of: 1 year, 68%; 3 years, 48%; and 5 years, 34%. (Ann Intern Med, 1987; 107:216-23, Ann Intern Med, 1991; 115:343-49).

  Study phs004275

• The Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics (FUSION) Tissue Biopsy Study

  The Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics (FUSION) study is a long-term effort to identify genetic variants that predispose to type 2 diabetes (T2D) or that impact the variability of T2D-related quantitative traits (QTs). Most of the variants associated with T2D and related traits (glucose and insulin, anthropometrics, lipids) through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) occur in non-coding regions, suggesting a strong regulatory component to disease susceptibility. Regulatory element activity is often tissue-specific, which further complicates discovery of the causal/functional variation. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify the appropriate cell type, regulatory elements, target genes, and causal variants(s) in T2D-relevant tissues. We hypothesize that a subset of T2D and related variants alter gene expression regulation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue - two major insulin target tissues and play key roles in insulin resistance. To that end, our study contains a comprehensive survey of genomics, epigenomics and transcriptomics in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue from individuals with glucose tolerance categories ranging from normal to T2D.For this FUSION Tissue Biopsy Study, we obtained RNA-Seq, microRNA (miRNA)-Seq, and DNA methylation (methyl)-Seq data on biopsy samples from 331 individuals from across the range of glucose tolerance: 124 normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 77 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 44 impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and 86 newly-diagnosed T2Ds. Participants completed two study visits, two weeks apart. First visits comprised most of the clinical phenotyping, including four-point OGTT (fasting, and 30, 60, and 120 minute post-load); BMI, WHR; lipids; blood pressure; and many other variables. Participants also completed FUSION health history, medication, and lifestyle questionnaires. On the second visit, we obtained ~250mg vastus lateralis skeletal muscle, ~750mg abdominal subcutaneous adipose, and a ~5x15mm section of abdominal skin. Visits were completed in March 2013. RNA isolation is ongoing in the Collins laboratory at the NIH, RNA and miRNA sequencing at the NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC), and genotyping at the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). Individual-level data is available here for the 306 individuals who consented to data deposit. To focus on evaluation of gene expression and its regulation in skeletal muscle, we analyzed mRNA extracted from vastus lateralis skeletal muscle obtained from 271 of the 331 individual subjects from Finland, along with genome-wide genotypes. Individual-level data is available here for the 250 subjects who consented to the use of their data.Release phs001048.v2.p1 adds muscle data for an additional 42 subjects and data from adipose tissue for 276 subjects. Total RNA was isolated using Trizol extraction in the Collins laboratory at the NIH. The mRNA was poly-A selected, 24-plex libraries were generated using the Illumina TruSeq directional mRNA-seq library protocol and RNA sequencing was performed on HiSeq2000 sequencers using 101bp paired-end reads at NISC. miRNA libraries were prepared from total RNA from 296 muscle and 270 adipose samples, pooled and sequenced 50bp single-end reads on Illumina HiSeq2500. Data for 272 muscle and 251 adipose samples are available here for individuals with consent for data deposit. DNA was extracted from blood in the Collins laboratory, and genotyping on the Illumina Omni2.5M array was performed at CIDR. Genotypes were imputed using the HRC 2016 reference panel. In order to assess regions of open chromatin in skeletal muscle, we obtained muscle tissue from a commercial provider to perform ATAC-seq; these samples were sequenced at the University of Michigan DNA Sequencing Core.Release phs001048.v3.p1 adds single-nucleus (sn) RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data in 287 skeletal muscle samples out of the original 331 individuals. Individual-level data is available here for the 265 subjects who consented to the use of their data. The frozen tissue biopsy samples were processed in ten batches, each consisting of 40-41 samples. These batches were organized using a randomized block design to protect against experimental contrasts of interest including cohort, age, sex, BMI among others. Samples in each batch were pulverized, pooled together followed by nuclei isolation. The nuclei were processed on the 10X Genomics Chromium platform separately for snATAC-seq and snRNA-seq (v. 3.1 chemistry for snRNA-seq).Release phs001048.v4.p1 adds additional phenotypes and provides some corrections to several previous phenotypes.

  Study phs001048

• Human Cancer-Targeted Immunity via Transgenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Progeny

  Analysis of a patient biopsy from the clinical trial (NCT03240861), a first-in-human study of transgenic NY-ESO-1 TCR- T cells and NY-ESO-1 TCR+ sr39tk autologous hematopoietic stem cells tandem therapy for solid tumors after myeloablative conditioning chemotherapy with busulfan and fludarabine. Single-cell RNAseq and single-cell ATACseq analysis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from subject NYSCT-03.

  Study phs003898

• H3Africa ACEGID H3Africa Array Genotype

  SNP Genotyping for Lassa Fever cases and population controls from Nigeria and Sierra Leone using Illumina H3Africa array version 1

  Dataset EGAD00010002510

• RNA Sequencing of Control and Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Cells During Myogenic Differentiation

  RNAseq data of 30 muscle cell samples (proliferating myoblasts to differentiating myotubes) of immortalized control cells, and myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patient-derived cells and their edited versions.

  Dac EGAC50000000592

• WES for Patient 1 to 8 of NIBIT-M4 clinical trial

  WES for Patient 1 to 8 of NIBIT-M4 clinical trial

  Dataset EGAD00001009701

• Mutational landscape of normal epithelial cells in Lynch Syndrome patients

  Lynch Syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant disease conferring a high risk of colorectal cancer due to germline heterozygous mutations in a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene. Although cancers in LS patients show elevated somatic mutation burdens, information on mutation rates in normal tissues and understanding of the trajectory from normal to cancer cell is limited. Here we whole-genome sequenced 152 crypts from normal and neoplastic epithelial tissues from LS patients. In normal tissues the repertoire of mutational processes and mutation rates were similar to those found in wild type individuals. A morphologically normal colonic crypt with an increased mutation burden and mutational signatures consistent with MMR deficiency was identified, which may represent a very early stage of LS pathogenesis. Phylogenetic tress of tumour crypts indicated that the most recent ancestor cell of each tumour was already MMR deficient and had experienced multiple clonal evolution cycles. This study demonstrates the genomic stability of epithelial cells with heterozygous germline MMR gene mutations and highlights important differences in the pathogenesis of LS from other colorectal cancer predisposition syndromes.

  Dataset EGAD00001008092

• Exploring_the_landscape_of_somatic_mutations_in_normal_tissue___GI___WGS

  The aim of this project is to investiagte somatic mutations, including rates of mutations and signatures, and clonal dynamics in normal (non-cancerous) human tissues from the gastrointestinal tract. The project will involve the studyof normal tissues from healthy individuals and those with specific candidate diseases. We are utilising laser capture microscopy to idnetifiy and isolate specific cell populations which are then subjected to whole genome sequencing to estimate mutational burdens and begin to understand clonal structures across the normal tissues.

  Study EGAS00001003012

• Combination therapies for personalized cancer medicine

  It is the ambition of the team formed by members of the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI) and the Cancer Genome Project at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI) to unravel the genomic and phenotypic complexity of human cancers in order to identify optimal drug combinations for personalized cancer therapy. Our integrated approach will entail (i) deep sequencing of human tumours and cognate mouse tumours; (ii) drug screens in a 1000+ fully characterized tumour cell line panel; (iii) high-throughput in vitro and in vivo shRNA and cDNA drug resistance and enhancement screens; (iv) computational analysis of the acquired data, leading to significant response predictions; (v) rigorous validation of these predictions in genetically engineered mouse models and patient-derived xenografts. This integrated effort is expected to yield a number of combination therapies and companion-diagnostics biomarkers that will be further explored in our existing clinical trial networks.

  Dataset EGAD00001000869

• Immune Profiling in Patients with High-Risk Smoldering Myeloma

  Single-cell RNA-sequencing identifies immune biomarkers of response to immunotherapy in patients with high-risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM). We conducted a Phase II trial of the immunotherapeutic anti-SLAMF7 antibody, Elotuzumab, in combination with Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (E-PRISM study), to determine the utility and safety of early immunotherapy in patients with high-risk SMM and develop biomarkers for optimal patient selection and monitoring of response to treatment.There is an overlap in subjects between this study and dbGaP accession phs001323.

  Study phs002476

• Next Generation Mendelian Genetics: Kabuki Syndrome

  The ultimate purpose of this research is to identify genes causing hereditary disorders. We are scaling a new approach to identify the candidate genes and gene mutations that underlie rare human Mendelian (a set of primary tenets relating to the transmission of hereditary characteristics from parent to child) diseases by using exome (protein coding segments of DNA) resequencing. The exome sequences of ten unrelated individuals with a diagnosis of Kabuki Syndrome (OMIM: 147920) were obtained by massively parallel DNA sequencing.

  Study phs000295

• Disease Severity in Familial Dysautonomia

  Familial Dysautonomia (FD) is a developmental and degenerative genetic disease that manifests in the neural crest cells and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Despite all FD patients having the same mutation in IKBKAP, patients present with varying disease severity, ranging from mild to severe. We used the human pluripotent stem cell technology to recapitulate this varying disease severity in the dish. Further, we found that severe, but not mild patients harbor mutations in candidate modifier genes that may contribute to severe disease presentation.

  Study phs001233

• Comprehensive Analysis of Structural Variants in Breast Cancer Genomes Using Single Molecule Sequencing

  This study used the SKBR3 breast cell line and tumor/normal organoids derived from breast tissue to explore the utility of long read sequencing for detecting structural variants in complex samples. Three technologies were used to characterize the samples: Illumina/10X, Pacific Biosciences, and Oxford Nanopore. Methylation results were derived from the Oxford Nanopore data. It is hoped that this resource will better help researchers better understand the utility of long read sequencing in cancer samples.

  Study phs002210

• Genetic Study of Present-Day Populations of Northern Kenya

  Human populations in Africa are the most genetically diverse in the world, having a rich history, and yet are severely understudied. The purpose of this study is to understand the population history of the Turkana. This study aims to measure the extent of genetic variation using whole genome and whole exome sequencing in this population, with the goal to better understand the broader evolutionary history of these populations and to add to the current knowledge of population genetics in Africa.

  Study phs002219

• Enrichment of PTPRT and JAK2 mutations in lung cancer from African Americans and evidence for increased GI and HRD in LUSC

  The goal of this study is to compare the somatic mutation landscape between European Americans and African Americans. It includes various histological forms of lung cancer. In LUAD, we find increased prevalence of PTPRT and JAK2 mutations among African Americans. These proteins function in the same pathway and as such, this may be a new actionable target for lung cancer. We have also examined the landscape of copy number profiles in African Americans and European Americans.

  Study phs001895

• Pharmacogenomics of Mercaptopurine Intolerance in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (AALL03N1)

  Mercaptopurine (MP) is the mainstay of curative therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to comprehensively identify the genetic basis of MP intolerance in children with ALL in AALL03N1. MP dose intensity was defined as prescribed dose divided by the planned protocol dose during maintenance therapy.  Germline variants in NUDT15 and TPMT were found to be strongly associated with MP intolerance in childhood ALL, which may have implications for treatment individualization in this disease.

  Study phs002846

• DNA and RNA Profiling Using Simultaneous Sequencing (Simul-seq)

  Paired DNA and RNA profiling is increasingly employed in genomics research to uncover molecular mechanisms of disease and to explore personal genotype and phenotype correlations. We developed a novel simultaneous DNA and RNA sequencing approach (Simul-seq) that enables comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiles from small quantities of cells or tissues. In this study, Simul-seq was performed on patient-derived fibroblast cells as well as an esophageal adenocarcinoma tumor sample and compared with standard DNA and RNA-sequencing approaches.

  Study phs001214

• A National Translational Science Network of Precision-Based Immunotherapy for Primary Liver Cancer (PLC)

  The primary objective of the NCI-CLARITY study is to establish a biospecimen repository for genomic, genetic and epigenetic analysis to study the biology of primary liver cancer (PLC) development and progression. Secondary objectives include predicting overall and progression-free survival following immunotherapy. In the retrospective phase, anonymous archival tissue from PLC patients was obtained from five participating sites. Whole exome and transcriptome sequencing was generated and used to predict overall survival in response to immunotherapy.

  Study phs003074

• The Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE)

  The Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) is a collaborative investigational infrastructure of 40 North American sites for conducting clinical and translational research in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), Membranous Nephropathy (MN), and Minimal Change Disease (MCD). NEPTUNE provides prospective, un-blinded, standardized evaluation of clinical and molecular outcomes in two cohorts: A) adults and children with incident or prevalent, biopsy-proven FSGS, MN, or MCD, recruited at the time of first biopsy, and B) children with incident Nephrotic Syndrome without a diagnostic kidney biopsy.

  Study phs003210

• Circulating Tumor DNA Sequencing Provides Comprehensive Mutation Profiling for Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors

  Tumor molecular profiling is increasingly important for the diagnosis and clinical management of childhood brain tumors, including diffuse midline glioma (DMG). We established a targeted deep sequencing approach using the TruSight Oncology 500 ctDNA exome panel to detect tumor genomic mutations and copy number variations in circulating tumor DNA from children diagnosed with DMG. In this study, we present the sensitivity, specificity, and clinical implications of our liquid biopsy sequencing approach for tumor genome profiling in children with DMG.

  Study phs003022

• A Phenotypic and Genomics Approach in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort to Subtype Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

  Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems and varies in severity across different populations. To examine the clinical heterogeneity of SLE, we sought to identify different lupus subtypes within our multi-ethnic cohort using a clustering approach. Additionally, with genome-wide methylation and genotype data generated for our cohort, we applied integrative methods to investigate genetic and epigenetic risk factors. This integrative and computational approach revealed molecular differences associated with phenotypic clusters.

  Study phs001850

• Genetic Study of Northern Kenya Pastoral Populations

  Human populations in Africa are the most genetically diverse in the world, having a rich history, and yet are severely understudied. The purpose of this study is to understand the population history of four ethnolinguistic groups in northern Kenya - the Turkana, Samburu, Rendille, and Borana. This study aims to measure the extent of variation among several genetic systems in these populations, with the goal to better understand the broader population history in northern Kenya and to add to the current knowledge of population genetics in Africa.

  Study phs002654

• Whole exome sequencing and methylation profiling of uveal melanoma

  Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary cancer of the eye and frequently leads to metastatic death. Metastatic risk can be stratified into low, intermediate and high based on the presence of mutually exclusive mutations in EIF1AX, SF3B1 and BAP1, respectively. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively profile the genetic aberrations in a set of primary uveal melanomas using whole exome sequencing, as well as DNA methylation profiling of selected samples, to improve understanding of its pathogenesis.

  Study phs001421

• Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics - Digital Health Technologies (RADx-DHT): ILI Labels and Longitudinal Novel Engagement with Symptom Surveillance (ILLNESS) Study

  This study is a prospective observational study, approximately seven months in duration. Participants were asked to complete a weekly survey online asking about their ILI (influenza-like illness) experience over the past seven days. The primary objective of this study was to collect a population-wide, longitudinal dataset of ILI events (with onset and recovery dates) and the associated symptoms, behaviors, and medical information associated with each event.DOI: https://rapids.ll.mit.edu/10.57895/4vfb-4z30

  Study phs002538